FORM 1-A
Regulation A Offering Statement
Part II – Offering Circular
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
750 B Street
Suite 1930
San Diego, CA 92101
(858) 430-8528
www.DiversyFund.com
December 3, 2020
This Offering Circular follows the Form S-11 disclosure format.
DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware (which we refer to as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), was formed to acquire interests in real estate assets in the United States. We intend to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or “REIT,” for federal income tax purposes.
The Company is seeking to raise up to $50,000,000 of capital by offering to the public limited liability company interests designated as “Class A Investor Shares,” in what we refer to as the “Offering.” You can read a complete description of these securities in “Securities Being Offered.” We refer to individuals and entities that purchase Class A Investor Shares as “Investors.”
The Offering will begin as soon as our offering statement is “qualified” by the SEC. The Offering will end upon the earlier of (1) the date we have sold $50,000,000 of Class A Investor Shares (i.e., all the securities we are offering), (2) the date two years after it begins, or (3) the date we decide to end it.
The Offering has no minimum amount. Thus, we will begin to deploy (spend) the money we raise right away, no matter how much or little we raise.
Initially, the Class A Investor Shares will be sold for $10.00 each, with a minimum initial investment of 50 Class A Investor Shares (i.e., $500). We may periodically raise or lower the price of the Class A Investor Shares during this offering to reflect the value of the Company’s assets by filing a supplement or an amendment to this Offering Circular. For more information, see “Securities Being Offering – Price of Class A Investor Shares.”
We are selling these securities directly to the public at our website, www.DiversyFund.com. We are not using a placement agent or a broker and we are not paying commissions to anyone. All of the money we raise goes directly to the Company.
Investing in our Class A Investor Shares is speculative and involves substantial risks, including the risk that you could lose all your money. Before investing, you should carefully review “Risks of Investing.”
THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION DOES NOT PASS UPON THE MERITS OF OR GIVE ITS APPROVAL TO ANY SECURITIES OFFERED OR THE TERM OF THE OFFERING. NOR DOES IT PASS UPON THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF ANY OFFERING CIRCULAR OR OTHER SELLING LITERATURE. THESE SECURITIES ARE OFFERED PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION WITH THE COMMISSION; HOWEVER, THE COMMISSION HAS NOT MADE AN INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION THAT THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREUNDER ARE EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION.
GENERALLY, NO SALE MAY BE MADE TO YOU IN THIS OFFERING IF THE AGGREGATE PURCHASE PRICE YOU PAY IS MORE THAN 10% OF THE GREATER OF YOUR ANNUAL INCOME OR NET WORTH. DIFFERENT RULES APPLY TO ACCREDITED INVESTORS AND NON-NATURAL PERSONS. BEFORE MAKING ANY REPRESENTATION THAT YOUR INVESTMENT DOES NOT EXCEED APPLICABLE THRESHOLDS, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO REVIEW RULE 251(d)(2)(i)(C) OF REGULATION A. FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ON INVESTING, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO REFER TO WWW.INVESTOR.GOV. FOR MORE INFORMATION, SEE “Limits on How Much Non-Accredited Investors Can Invest” STARTING ON PAGE 45.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS OFFERING CIRCULAR. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
NORTH AMERICAN SECURITIES ADMINISTRATORS ASSOCIATION UNIFORM LEGEND:
YOU SHOULD MAKE YOUR OWN DECISION WHETHER THIS OFFERING MEETS YOUR INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND RISK TOLERANCE LEVEL. NO FEDERAL OR STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED, DISAPPROVED, ENDORSED, OR RECOMMENDED THIS OFFERING. NO INDEPENDENT PERSON HAS CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR TRUTHFULNESS OF THIS DISCLOSURE, NOR WHETHER IT IS COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS ILLEGAL.
THESE SECURITIES ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION OR EXEMPTION THEREFROM. YOU SHOULD BE AWARE THAT YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO BEAR THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THIS INVESTMENT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME.
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A WARNING ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The term “forward-looking statements” means any statements, including financial projections, that relate to events or conditions in the future. Often, forward-looking statements include words like “we anticipate,” “we believe,” “we expect,” “we intend,” “we plan to,” “this might,” or “we will.” The statement “We believe interest rates will rise” is an example of a forward-looking statement.
Because we are talking about a new business, most of the things we say in this Offering Circular are forward-looking statements. In fact, everything we say is a forward-looking statement, other than statements of historical fact.
Forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to uncertainties and assumptions. The statement “We believe interest rates will rise” is not like the statement “We believe the sun will rise in the East tomorrow.” It is impossible for us to know exactly what is going to happen in the future, or even to anticipate all the things that could happen. Our business could be subject to many unanticipated events, including all of the things we talk about in “Risks of Investing.”
Consequently, the actual result of investing in the Company could (and almost certainly will) differ from those anticipated or implied in any forward-looking statement, and the differences could be both material and adverse. We do not undertake any obligation to revise, or publicly release the results of any revision to, any forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law. GIVEN THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, PLEASE DO NOT PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.
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SUMMARY OF OUR BUSINESS AND THE OFFERING
DF Growth REIT II, LLC, which we refer to as the “Company,” was formed to invest in real estate projects and assets across the United States. The Company will focus primarily on multifamily value-add properties but will also look for opportunities across other commercial real estate sectors, including industrial, self-storage, and medical offices.
Investments, including real estate investments, are often characterized (inexactly) as either “growth” or “income,” with “growth” investments associated with greater risks and potential for higher profits and the “income” investments associated with lower risks and more moderate, and possibly more predictable, profit potential. The Company’s orientation will be toward “growth” investments in real estate. For example, we might invest in a project to acquire and renovate a multi-family property (e.g., an apartment building) or another kind of commercial property.
The manager of the Company, DF Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as the “Manager,” is an affiliate of DiversyFund, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a real estate sponsor and manager, which we refer to as the “Sponsor.” The Sponsor maintains a website, www.DiversyFund.com (the “Site”) where it seeks funding for its real estate projects. At least initially, all of the projects in which the Company invests will be projects of the Sponsor that are listed at the Site. In the future, it is possible that the Company would also invest in real estate projects other than those managed by the Sponsor.
The Company is offering to sell up to $50,000,000 of Class A Investor Shares to the public in what we refer to as the “Offering.” We refer to anyone who purchases Class A Investor Shares as an “Investor.”
The ownership interests in a Delaware limited liability company are referred to as “limited liability company interests.” In the Company, the limited liability company interests are divided between “Investor Shares” and “Manager Shares,” and the “Investor Shares” may be divided by the Manager into separate “Series.” The Manager has created the Class A Investor Shares for this Offering.
Any cash flow and profits generated by the Company will be distributed as follows:
| ● | Distributions of ordinary operating cash flow will be in the following order of priority: |
| o | Step One: First, Investors will receive all the operating cash flow until they have received a 7% cumulative, non-compounded annual return on their invested capital. |
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| o | Step Two: Second, any remaining operating cash flow will be distributed to the owners of the Common Shares (an affiliate of the Manager) in an amount that bears the same proportion to the distributions made pursuant to Step One as 35 bears to 65, i.e., approximately 53.85%. |
| o | Step Three: Third, any remaining operating cash flow will be distributed 65% to the Investors on a pro rata basis, and 35% to the owners of the Common Shares. |
| ● | Distributions of the net proceeds from capital transactions will be made in the following order or priority: |
| o | Step One: First, Investors will receive all the net proceeds until they have received a 7% cumulative, non-compounded annual return on their invested capital. |
| o | Step Two: Second, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed to the owners of the Common Shares (an affiliate of the Manager) in an amount that bears the same proportion to the distributions made pursuant to Step One as 35 bears to 65, i.e., approximately 53.85%. |
| o | Step Three: Third, Investors will receive any remaining net proceeds to return an allocable portion of the capital they invested. |
| o | Step Four: Fourth, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed 65% to the Investors and 35% until Investors have received a “internal rate of return” of 12%. |
| o | Step Five: Fifth, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed 50% to the Investors on a pro rata basis and 50% to the owners of the Common Shares. |
NOTE: There is no guaranty that the Company will be able to make any distributions, even to return capital to Investors.
The Company currently intends to wind up its operations by December 31, 2025. However, it may extend that date by up to two years in the Manager’s discretion.
THAT WAS ONLY A SUMMARY
PLEASE READ THE OTHER SECTIONS OF THIS OFFERING CIRCULAR
CAREFULLY FOR MORE INFORMATION
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BUYING CLASS A INVESTOR SHARES IS SPECULATIVE AND INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISK, INCLUDING THE RISK THAT YOU COULD LOSE SOME OR ALL OF YOUR MONEY. THIS SECTION DESCRIBES WHAT WE BELIEVE ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE FUND AND ITS INVESTORS. THE ORDER IN WHICH THESE FACTORS ARE DISCUSSED IS NOT INTENDED TO SUGGEST THAT SOME FACTORS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN OTHERS.
Risks from COVID-19: As of the date of this Offering Circular, the world economy is suffering the sharpest and most severe slowdown since at least the Great Depression, and possibly in history. Despite action by governments and central banks, many experts believe the world faces a prolonged, deep recession if not a depression, with unemployment spiking and large swaths of the global economy shut down. The economic downturn could affect real estate assets in a number of ways, both positively and negatively, as discussed more fully in “The Company and its Business –COVID-19 & The Multi-Family Market” on page 17. As of the date of this Offering Circular, nobody can predict the effects with certainty.
This Is A “Blind Pool” Offering: As of the date of this Offering Circular, the Company has not yet made any investments or identified projects in which it intends to invest. Consequently, you will have to decide whether to invest based on the experience, reputation, and track record of the Manager and the Sponsor, our business plan (all as described in this Offering Circular), and other factors you believe are relevant, rather than seeing and evaluating actual real estate assets. This structure is sometimes called a “blind pool offering.”
Our Auditor Has Raised Questions About our Ability To Survive as a Going Concern: In the audited financial statements attached to this Offering Circular, our auditor has noted the Company has not yet commenced planned principal operations and has not generated revenues or profits since inception, and that these factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a “going concern.” As further noted by our auditor, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in the next twelve months is dependent upon its ability to obtain capital financing from investors sufficient to meet current and future obligations, and to deploy that capital effectively to produce profits. No assurance can be given that the Company will be successful in these efforts.
You Might Lose Your Money: When you buy a certificate of deposit from a bank, the Federal government (through the FDIC) guaranties you will get your money back. Buying Class A Investor Shares is not like that at all. The ability of the Company to make distributions depends on a number of factors, including some beyond our control. Nobody guaranties that you will receive payments and you might lose some or all of your money.
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The Company is a Startup Business: Although the principals of the Company have been engaged in the real estate and finance industries for years, the Company is a brand new business. Like any new business, the Company faces challenges on a number of fronts, including attracting and retaining qualified employees, designing and implementing new business systems, technology systems, marketing, and capital formation. If the Company failed in any of these or other key areas, the whole business could fail and Investors could lose some or all of their money.
Our Track Record Does not Guaranty Future Performance: The section of this Offering Circular captioned “Past Performance: Our Track Record So Far” illustrates the performance of certain affiliates of the Manager. However, there is no guaranty that the Company will do well as its affiliates have done. Like most sectors of the national and global economy, the real estate market has been negatively impacted by the spread of COVID-19 and its resulting economic fallout. As a result, there is significant market uncertainty conditions may continue to evolve and we might not be able to adapt. In any case, the Company stands on its own.
Speculative Nature of Real Estate Investing: Real estate can be risky and unpredictable. For example, many experienced, informed people lost money when the real estate market declined in 2007-8. Time has shown that the real estate market goes down without warning, sometimes resulting in significant losses. Some of the risks of investing in real estate include changing laws, including environmental laws; floods, fires, and other Acts of God, some of which can be uninsurable; changes in national or local economic conditions; changes in government policies, including changes in interest rates established by the Federal Reserve; and international crises. You should invest in real estate in general, and in the Company in particular, only if you can afford to lose your investment and are willing to live with the ups and downs of the real estate industry.
Our Growth Focus Increases Risk: The Company intends to focus on real estate projects on the “growth” side of the growth/income spectrum. By definition, these projects will tend to carry greater risk, along with the potential for higher profits.
Arbitrary Pricing: The initial price of our Class A Investor Shares was determined arbitrarily by the Manager, and was not determined by an independent appraisal of the Company’s value and bears no relationship to traditional measures of value such as EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), cash flow, revenue, or book value.
Property Values Could Decrease: The value of the property in which we invest could decline, perhaps significantly. Factors that could cause the value of property to decline include, but are not limited to:
| ● | Changes in interest rates |
| ● | Competition from existing properties and new construction |
| ● | Changes in national or local economic conditions |
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| ● | Changes in zoning |
| ● | Environmental contamination or liabilities |
| ● | Changes in local market conditions |
| ● | Fires, floods, and other casualties |
| ● | Uninsured losses |
| ● | Undisclosed defects in property |
| ● | Incomplete or inaccurate due diligence |
Illiquidity of Real Estate: Real estate is generally illiquid, meaning that it is not typically capable of being readily sold for cash at fair market value. Thus, the Company might not be able to sell a real estate project as quickly or on the terms that it would like. Moreover, the overall economic conditions that might cause the Company to want to sell properties are generally the same as those in which it would be most difficult to sell.
Competition for Projects: To achieve satisfactory returns for our Investors, the Manager must identify projects that satisfy our investment selection criteria and that can be acquired at reasonable prices. There is no guaranty that the Manager will be able to do so. The real estate industry is highly competitive and fragmented. The Manager, directly or through affiliates, will compete with other real estate developers for the most promising projects, and some of those other real estate developers could have substantially greater resources, allowing them to move more quickly, pay more, or have greater access to the best projects. The result could be that the Company winds up investing in projects of lower quality, or where the owner of the project (an affiliate of the Manager) paid too much as a result of intense competition.
The Company will Invest Only in the Sponsor’s Projects: The Company will invest only in projects sponsored or co-sponsored by the Sponsor or its affiliates. These projects will not necessarily be the best projects available.
Entitlement Risks: The Company might invest in projects before some or all of the necessary zoning approvals have been obtained. Securing zoning approval can take a long time and be very expensive, and even after a long and expensive process there is no guaranty that approval will be given. If approvals cannot be obtained the value of the real estate could go down and Investors could lose some or all of their money.
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Governmental Regulation: In addition to zoning approval, any development project will require the approval of numerous government authorities regulating such matters as density levels, the installation of utility services such as water and waste disposal, and the dedication of acreage for open space, parks, schools and other community purposes. Governmental authorities have imposed impact fees as a means of defraying the cost of providing certain governmental services to developing areas and the amount of these fees has increased significantly during recent years. Many state laws require the use of specific construction materials which reduce the need for energy consuming heating and cooling systems. Local governments also, at times, declare moratoriums on the issuance of building permits and impose other restrictions in areas where sewage treatment facilities and other public facilities do not reach minimum standards. All of these regulations will impose costs and risks on our Projects.
Lack of Representations and Warranties from Sellers. The Company might invest in projects where the seller of the real estate made limited or no representations and warranties concerning the condition of the real estate, the status of leases, the presence of hazardous materials or hazardous substances, the status of governmental approvals and entitlements, and other important matters. If we fail to discover defects through our own due diligence review, but discover them only after the project has bene acquired and the Company has made its investment, we may have little or no recourse against the sellers.
Incomplete Due Diligence: The Manager or an affiliate of the Manager will perform “due diligence” on each project, meaning we will review available information about the project, its current zoning, the surrounding community, and other information we believe is relevant. As a practical matter, however, it is simply impossible to review all of the information about a given piece of real estate (or about anything) and there is no assurance that all of the information we have reviewed is accurate. For example, sometimes important information is hidden or unavailable, or a third party might have an incentive to conceal information or provide inaccurate information, or we might not think of all the relevant information, or we might not be able to verify all the information we review. It is also possible that we will reach inaccurate conclusions about the information we have reviewed. Due diligence is as much an art as it is a science, and there is a risk that, especially with the benefit of hindsight, our due diligence will turn out to have been incomplete or inadequate.
Pricing of Assets: The success of the Company and its ability to make distributions to Investors depends on the Manager’s ability to gauge the value of real estate assets. Although the Manager and its principals are experienced real estate investors and will rely on various objective criteria to select properties for investment, including, in all or almost all cases, third-party appraisals, ultimately the value of these assets is as much an art as a science, and there is no guaranty that the Company and its advisors will be successful.
Americans with Disabilities Act: Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”), public accommodations must meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Some (although not all) of the projects in which the Company invests will be “public accommodations,” and complying with the ADA and other similar laws will make those projects more expensive to build and maintain than they would have been otherwise. Furthermore, it is possible that the ADA could be extended by law or regulation, requiring existing projects to be retrofitted at great expense.
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Difficulty Attracting Buyers and Tenants: Some of the projects in which the Company invests will involve the construction of houses, with the expectation that the houses will be sold once construction is complete. Other projects will involve the construction of multi-family apartment communities, with the expectation that the apartments will be leased to tenants once construction is complete. In either situation, the projects will be built on “spec,” meaning that we will not have a buyer for the house or tenants for the apartments at the time construction begins. Depending on market conditions, we might experience difficulty finding a buyer or tenants, with adverse effects on the profitability of the project.
Construction Risks: Most or all of the projects in which the Company invests will involve substantial renovation of existing properties or construction of new properties. No matter how carefully we plan, the construction process is notorious for cost overruns and delays. If the construction of a project ended up costing significantly more than we had budgeted, or took significantly longer to complete than forecast, or were done improperly, the profitability or even the viability of the project could suffer.
Environmental Risks: The Manager or its affiliates will conduct typical environmental testing on each project to determine the existence of significant environmental hazards. However, it is impossible to be certain of all the ways that a given piece of real estate has been used, raising the possibility that environmental hazards could exist despite our environmental investigations. Under Federal and State laws, moreover, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to remediate any hazardous conditions without regard to whether the owner knew about or caused the contamination. Similarly, the owner of real estate could become subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination. The cost of investigating and remediating environmental contamination can be substantial, even catastrophic. The existence of an environmental hazard could therefore present direct or indirect risks to the Company.
Lack of Diversification: The first projects in which the Company invests will probably be concentrated in Southern California because that’s where our Sponsor is located. Therefore, the Company’s portfolio of real estate assets will be relatively undiversified geographically. Portfolio theory suggests that greater diversification reduces risk, and therefore investors considering an investment in the Company should also consider investments that would, in effect, lead to a better-diversified total portfolio.
Concentration of Assets in a Small Number of Projects: The Company will begin deploying capital (that is, investing in projects) right away. This means that, at the extreme, up to 100% of the Company’s assets could be deployed in a single project, significantly increasing the risk of Investors as compared to a portfolio in which the Company’s capital is deployed across a greater number of projects.
No Offering Minimum: Although the Company hopes to raise as much as $50,000,000 from the Offering, it will begin deploying capital (that is, investing in projects) from the first dollar. If the Company raised only a small amount from the Offering – say, $500,000, just to use an example – its business plans would be severely curtailed, creating greater risks for Investors.
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Inability to Implement Liquidity Transactions: We will typically aim to invest in projects that can be liquidated (i.e., sold) within approximately five years. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully pursue a liquidity event with respect to any of our projects. Market conditions may delay or even prevent the Manager from pursuing liquidity events. If we do not or cannot liquidate our real estate portfolio, or if we experience delays due to market conditions, this could delay Investors’ ability to receive a return of their investment indefinitely and may even result in losses.
Need for Additional Capital: The real estate industry is capital-intensive, and the inability to obtain financing could limit our growth. We may need to raise more money in the future so we can continue to acquire and operate projects. In addition, we might need to raise money to make capital improvements required by law or by market conditions, or for other purposes. There is no guarantee that funding will be available to us when we need it, or on terms that are not adverse to your interests. If we cannot raise additional funding when needed, our operations and prospects could be negatively affected.
Risk of Dilution: If we raise additional capital in the future by issuing equity interests in the Company, your ownership interest would be diluted.
Future Securities Could Have Superior Rights: The Company might issue securities in the future that have rights superior to the rights associated with the Class A Investor Shares. For example, the holders of those securities could have the right to receive distributions before any distributions are made to Investors, or distributions that are higher, dollar for dollar, than the distributions paid to the holders of the Class A Investor Shares, or the right to receive all their money back on a liquidation of the Company before the holders of the Class A Investor Shares receive anything.
Risks Associated with Leverage: We intend to borrow money to finance most or all of the projects in which the Company invests. While debt financing can improve returns in a good market, it carries significant risks in a bad market, and therefore increases our vulnerability to downturns in the real estate market or in economic conditions generally. There is no guaranty that we will generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations, and we may be unable to repay, refinance or extend our debt when due. We may also give our lender(s) security interests in our assets as collateral for our debt obligations. If we are unable to meet our debt service obligations, those assets could be foreclosed upon, which could negatively affect our ability to generate cash flows to fund distributions to Investors. We may also be required to sell assets to repay debt and may be forced to sell at times that are unfavorable to the Company, which would likewise negatively affect our ability to operate successfully.
Uninsured Losses: The Manager or an affiliate of the Manager will try to ensure that each project carries adequate insurance coverage against foreseeable risks. However, there can be no assurance that our insurance will be adequate, and insurance against some risks, like the risk of earthquakes and/or floods, might be unavailable altogether or available at commercially unreasonable rates or in amounts that are less than the full market value or replacement cost of the underlying properties. Hence, it is possible that a project would suffer an uninsured loss, resulting in a loss to the Company and Investors. Given the Company’s initial focus on Southern California, the risk of uninsured losses from earthquakes is especially significant.
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Broad Investment Strategy: The Manager has broad discretion to choose projects. An Investor might prefer a more focused strategy.
Loss of Uninsured Bank Deposits: Any cash the Company has on hand from time to time will likely be held in regular bank accounts. While the FDIC insures deposits up to a specified amount, it is possible that the amount of cash in the Company’s account would exceed the FDIC limits, resulting in a loss if the bank failed.
Potential Liability to Return Distributions: Under some circumstances, Investors who received distributions from the Company could be required to return some or all of those distributions. However, Investors generally will not be liable for the debts and obligations of the Company beyond the amount they paid for the Class A Investor Shares.
Limited Liability of Manager: Under the Company’s Limited Liability Company Agreement, the grounds for which an Investor may sue the Manager is very limited. For example, the Limited Liability Company Agreement waives all fiduciary obligations of the Manager. This means that except in rare circumstances, you will not be able to sue the Manager even if the Manager makes mistakes and those mistakes cost you money.
Limited Participation in Management: Investors will not have a right to vote or otherwise participate in managing the Company. For example, Investors will have no voice in selecting the projects in which the Company invests, deciding on the terms of the investment, or deciding when a project should be sold. Only those willing to give complete control to our management team should consider an investment in the Company.
Reliance on Management: The success of the Company depends almost exclusively on the abilities of its current management team. If any of these individuals resigned, died, or became ill, the Company and its Investors could suffer.
Conflicts of Interest: The interests of the Manager could conflict with the interests of Investors in a number of important ways, including these:
| ● | The interests of Investors might be better-served if our management team devoted its full attention to the business of the Company. Instead, our team will manage a number of different projects. |
| ● | At least initially, the Company will not consider investing in projects other than those controlled by the Manager and its affiliates, even if the projects in question represent better opportunities. |
| ● | The Manager and its affiliates might not invest significant equity in the Company or in the projects in which the Company invests. If they do not, their economic interests could be in conflict with the interests of Investors. |
| ● | Members of our management team have business interests wholly unrelated to the Company and its affiliates, all of which require a commitment of time. |
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| ● | DF Growth REIT LLC (“Growth REIT I”) was formed by the Sponsor in 2018 and on November 13, 2018 its offering of securities under Regulation A was qualified by the SEC. There could be instances where the same property satisfies the investment criteria of both the Company and Growth REIT I. For more information see “Our Company and Business – Allocation of Projects Between the Company and Growth REIT I.” |
| ● | The lawyers who prepared the Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Investment Agreement, and this Offering Circular represent us, not you. You must hire your own lawyer (at your own expense) if you want your interests to be represented. |
Waiver of Right to Jury Trial: The Investment Agreement and the LLC Agreement both provide that legal claims will be decided only by a judge, not by a jury. The provision in the LLC Agreement will apply not only to an Investor who purchases Class A Investor Shares in the Offering, but also to anyone who acquires Class A Investor Shares in secondary trading. Having legal claims decided by a judge rather than by a jury could be favorable or unfavorable to the interests of an owner of Class A Investor Shares, depending on the parties and the nature of the legal claims involved. It is possible that a judge would find the waiver of a jury trial unenforceable and allow an owner of Class A Investor Shares to have his, her, or its legal claim decided by a jury. In any case, the waiver of a jury trial in both the Investment Agreement and the LLC Agreement do not apply to claims arising under the Federal securities laws.
Forum Selection Provision: Our Investment Agreement and our LLC Agreement both provide that disputes will be handled solely in the state or federal courts located in or most geographically convenient to San Diego, California. We included this provision primarily because the Company’s headquarters are in San Diego. This provision could be unfavorable to an Investor to the extent a court in a different jurisdiction would be more likely to find in favor of an Investor or be more geographically convenient to an Investor. It is possible that a judge would find this provision unenforceable and allow an Investor to file a lawsuit in a different jurisdiction.
Section 27 of the Exchange Act provides that Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over lawsuits brought under the Exchange Act, and that such lawsuits may be brought in any Federal district where the defendant is found or is an inhabitant or transacts business. Section 22 of the Securities Act provides that Federal courts have concurrent jurisdiction with State courts over lawsuits brought under the Securities Act, and that such lawsuits may be brought in any Federal district where the defendant is found or is an inhabitant or transacts business. Investors cannot waive our (or their) compliance with Federal securities laws. Hence, to the extent the forum selection provisions of the Investment Agreement or the LLC Agreement conflict with these Federal statutes, the Federal statutes would prevail.
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Limitation on Rights in LLC Agreement: The Company’s Limited Liability Company Agreement limits your rights in several important ways, including these:
| ● | The LLC Agreement significantly curtails your right to bring legal claims against management. |
| ● | The LLC Agreement limits your right to obtain information about the Company and to inspect its books and records. |
| ● | Investors can remove the Manager only in very limited circumstances, even if you think the Manager is doing a bad job. |
| ● | The Manager is allowed to amend the LLC Agreement in certain respects without your consent. |
| ● | The LLC Agreement restricts your right to sell or otherwise transfer your Class A Investor Shares. |
| ● | The LLC Agreement gives the Manager the right to buy back your Class A Investor Shares without your consent if the Manager determines that (i) the Company would otherwise become subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (after referred to as “ERISA”), or (ii) you have engaged in certain misconduct. |
| ● | The LLC Agreement provides that all disputes will be conducted in San Diego County, California. |
Limitations on Rights in Investment Agreement: To purchase Class A Investor Shares, you are required to sign our Investment Agreement. The Investment Agreement would limit your rights in several important ways if you believe you have claims against us arising from the purchase of your Class A Investor Shares:
| ● | Any claims arising from your purchase of Class A Investor Shares or the Investment Agreement must be brought in the state or federal courts located in San Diego, California, which might not be convenient to you. |
| ● | You would not be entitled to a jury trial. |
| ● | You would not be entitled to recover any lost profits or special, consequential, or punitive damages. |
| ● | If you lost your claim against us, you would be required to pay our expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. If you won, we would be required to pay yours. |
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Limits on Transferability: There are several obstacles to selling or otherwise transferring your Class A Investor Shares:
| ● | There will be no established market for your Class A Investor Shares, meaning you could have difficulty finding a buyer. |
| ● | Under the Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Class A Investor Shares may not be transferred in some circumstances. |
| ● | If you want to sell your Class A Investor Shares, you must first offer it to the Manager. |
| ● | Under the Limited Liability Company Agreement, the Class A Investor Shares may not be transferred if the Manager determines that the transfer could jeopardize the status of the Company as a REIT. |
| ● | To qualify as a REIT, the Limited Liability Company Agreement limits the amount of the Company that any one person may own, which may restrict your ability to sell Class A Investor Shares to others who have invested in the Company. |
Taking all that into account, you should plan to own your Class A Investor Shares indefinitely.
Risk of Failure to Comply with Securities Laws: Affiliates of the Company have previously sold securities relying on the exemption under Rule 506(c) of Regulation D issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the current Offering by the Company relies on the exemption under Regulation A. In all cases, we have relied on the advice of securities lawyers and believe we qualify for the exemption. If we did not qualify, we could be liable to penalties imposed by the Federal government and State regulators, as well as to lawsuits from investors.
Reduced Disclosure Requirements Under the JOBS Act: The Class A Investor Shares are being offered pursuant to Tier 2 of Regulation A issued by the SEC, as amended pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (known as the “JOBS Act”). Regulation A does not require us to provide you with all of the information that would be required in a registration statement in connection with an initial public offering (IPO) of securities. As a Regulation A issuer, we are also not subject to the same level of ongoing reporting obligations as a typical public reporting company, including, but not limited to, many of the disclosure requirements applicable to public reporting companies under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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We Are an “Emerging Growth Company” Under the JOBS Act: Today, the Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. If the Company were to become a public company (e.g., following an IPO) and continued to qualify as an emerging growth company, it would be able to take advantage of certain exemptions from the reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and exemptions from certain investor protection measures under the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Using these exemptions could benefit the Company by reducing compliance costs, but could also mean that investors receive less information and receive fewer protections than they would otherwise. However, these exemptions – and the status of the Company as an “emerging growth company” in the first place – will not be relevant unless the Company becomes a public reporting company, which we do not plan or foresee.
We Are Not Subject to the Corporate Governance Requirements that Apply to Companies Listed on a National Exchange: Companies whose securities are listed on a national stock exchange (for example, the New York Stock Exchange) are generally subject to a number of rules about corporate governance that are intended to protect investors. For example, the major U.S. stock exchanges require listed companies to have an audit committee made up entirely of independent members of the board of directors (i.e., directors with no material outside relationships with the company or management), which is responsible for monitoring the Company’s compliance with the law. As of the date of this Offering Statement, neither the Class A Investor Shares nor any other securities of the Company are listed on a national exchange, and it is likely that our securities will never be listed on a national exchange. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of a national exchange.
Regulation As An Investment Company: If the Company were treated as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, we would be required to comply with a number of special rules and regulations and incur significant cost doing so. In addition, if it were determined that the Company had operated as an investment company without registering as such, we could be subject to significant penalties and, among other things, any contracts the Company had entered into could be rendered unenforceable. As described in “Investment Company Act Limitations.” We intend to conduct our business so that we are not treated as an investment company. However, we might not be successful.
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Failure to Satisfy Conditions of REIT; Taxes on REITs: We intend to elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or “REIT,” under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) for purposes of federal income taxes. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must satisfy a number of criteria, both now and on an ongoing basis. Should the Company fail to satisfy any of these criteria, even inadvertently, it could become subject to penalty taxes and/or lose its REIT status altogether, which would make the Company subject to federal income tax and thereby reduce the returns to investors substantially. Further, even if it maintains its REIT status, the Company could be subject to various taxes in some situations. While the Company intends to seek guidance from tax advisors and operate its business accordingly, there is no guaranty that it will be able to avoid taxes and maintain its qualification as a REIT.
We Have Limited Experience Operating a REIT: The Manager has limited experience operating a REIT, which could negatively affect our ability to execute our business strategy, qualify as a REIT, and maintain that status.
REIT Requirements Could Restrict Actions: REITs are subject to a 100% tax on income from “prohibited transactions,” which include sales of assets that constitute inventory or other property held for sale in the ordinary course of a business, other than foreclosure property. This 100% tax could impact our desire to sell assets and other investments at otherwise opportune times if we believe such sales could be considered a prohibited transaction.
Required Distributions: As a REIT, we generally must distribute 90% of our annual taxable income to our investors. From time to time we might generate taxable income greater than our net income for financial reporting purposes from, among other things, amortization of capitalized purchase premiums, or our taxable income might be greater than our cash flow available for distribution to our stockholders. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we might be unable to distribute 90% of our taxable income as required by the REIT rules. In that case, we would need to borrow funds, sell a portion of our investments, potentially at disadvantageous prices, or find another alternative source of funds. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity and reduce amounts to invest in real estate assets and other investments. Moreover, the distributions received by our stockholders in such an event could constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes, as the distributions would be in excess of our earnings and profits.
Federal and State Income Taxes as a REIT: Even if the Company qualifies and maintains its qualification as a REIT, it may be subject to federal income taxes and related state taxes. For example, if we have net income from a “prohibited transaction,” such income will be subject to a 100% tax. The Company may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. The Company may also decide to retain income it earns from the sale or other disposition of its property and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, the Company’s investors will be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, shareholders that are tax-exempt would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. The Company may also be subject to state and local taxes on its income or property. Any federal or state taxes paid by the Company will reduce the Company’s operating cash flow and cash available for distributions.
FIRPTA Tax on Non-U.S. Sellers: A non-U.S. Investor who sells Class A Investor Shares for a gain would generally be subject to tax under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA) if the Company does not qualify as a “domestically controlled REIT,” meaning a REIT in which less than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares are owned by non-U.S. persons. We intend to qualify as a domestically controlled REIT, but there can be no assurance we will always do so.
Lawsuits Against Principals: The principals of our Sponsor, Alan Lewis and Craig Cecilio, are defendants in several lawsuits arising from real estate transactions launched before the Company and even the Sponsor were formed. If decided adversely these lawsuits could have an adverse effect on the Company. See “Our Management Team – Legal Proceedings.”
Breaches of Security: It is possible that our systems would be “hacked,” leading to the theft or disclosure of confidential information you have provided to us. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until they are launched, we and our vendors may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate defensive measures.
The
Foregoing Are Not Necessarily The Only Risks Of Investing
Please Consult With Your Professional Advisors
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The Company was formed to invest in real estate projects in the United States. The Company will focus primarily on multifamily value-add properties but will also look for opportunities across other commercial real estate sectors, including industrial projects, data centers, self-storage, and medical office projects. The Company might seek to identify existing projects that have become distressed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but distressed projects will not be its principal focus.
Investments Through Other Entities
Sometimes the Company will own real estate directly. Most of the time, however, the investments made by the Company will be through other entities (“Project Entities”). For example, if the Company invests in a multi-family property, the property will likely be owned by a different entity, such as a limited partnership or a limited liability company. Typically, Project Entities will be controlled by the Sponsor or another entity controlled by the Sponsor. However, if the Company does not control the Project Entity itself then it will retain control rights, meaning the Company’s consent will be required to certain major actions taken by the Project Entity, such as the sale or refinancing of its real estate and the replacement of its manager or general partner.
The Company is governed by a Limited Liability Company Agreement dated August 20, 2020, which we refer to as the “LLC Agreement.” A copy of the LLC Agreement is attached as Exhibit 1A-2B.
The Company is managed by the Manager. The LLC Agreement generally gives the Manager exclusive control over all aspects of the Company’s business. Other members of the Company, including Investors who purchase Class A Investor Shares in the Offering, generally have no right to participate in the management of the Company.
There is only one exception to this rule: the owners of the Class A Investor Shares may, in some situations, remove the Manager for cause. For more information, see “Summary of our LLC Agreement and Authorizing Resolution – Management.”
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The Company is seeking to invest in a diversified portfolio of predominantly income-producing real estate assets throughout the United States.
Specifically, we intend to invest primarily in multifamily value-add projects in markets that exhibit a trend of strong population and job growth and other favorable local market conditions. The value-add investment strategy entails (i) buying a project that is already stabilized and creating cash flow, (ii) implementing a capital expenditure program where we renovate both the interior units and the exterior of the property over a 18 to 36 month period, and (iii) improving the overall management of the property to decrease operating expenses and increase occupancy. We expect these renovations will allow us to charge tenants a higher rent and therefore “add value” to the asset by increasing cash flow and the property’s overall market value based on the higher net operating income.
We expect that once the Company has raised $50 million of equity capital, at least 50% of such capital will have been invested in projects of this kind.
The Company might also build new multifamily projects where it believes it can expect a significant profit.
The Company might also lend money to real estate projects to generate current yield.
COVID-19 & The Multi-Family Market
Historically, the multi-family market has been driven by favorable supply/demand fundamentals, including (i) a limited number of new units coming onto the market; (ii) the demographic often referred to as “echo boomers,” (iii) an increase in the number of immigrants; and (iv) tighter lending guidelines leading to lower rates of home ownership.
However, the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus has interrupted many of these positive fundamentals. Many of these interruptions are likely to negatively impact the multi-family market, as least in the near-term. Yet we remain optimistic about the medium-to-long term outlook of the multi-family market and believe the current market presents many exciting investment opportunities.
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First, we believe that the number of new units coming onto the market will remain limited. According to the National Association of Home Builder’s (“NAHB”) Multifamily Production Index (“MPI”), production of new multifamily units has decreased significantly since the onset of COVID-191. Builders are reporting the worst building conditions for multifamily units since the fourth quarter of 20092 and NAHB’s Multifamily Market Vacancy Index (the “MVI”) is showing a significant increase in the number of vacant apartments in multifamily properties3. Collectively, we believe these indicators are unlikely to improve as states continue to grapple with containing COVID-19, meaning that production of new multifamily units will remain stagnant.
Second, we believe the strong negative impacts of COVID-19 on labor markets will result in increased residential mortgage foreclosures and a larger pool of persons interested in multi-family housing. According to Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, among those persons working in February of 2020, almost 40% percent of those households making less than $40,000 a year lost a job in March of 20204. Many of these jobs were likely in lower-wage industries such as retail and leisure/hospitality which reported industry unemployment rates of 17.1% and 39.3% in April of 2020, respectively5.
At the same time, the rise in COVID-19 cases across the country has increased the risk that the existing mortgage forbearance rate (estimated to be 8.6% of all active mortgages as of the final week of June 2020) will increasingly transition to mortgage foreclosures by the end of 20206. Some initial estimates project that the foreclosure rate could approach 20-30% of all active mortgages7, indicating that the potential pool of people seeking multifamily housing is likely to increase, at least in the short-to-medium term.
1 “Multifamily Production Indices – Q1 2020 (Seasonally Adjusted),” by the National Association of Home Builders, accessed on June 30, 2020 and available at: https://www.nahb.org/-/media/NAHB/news-and-economics/docs/housing-economics/mms/2020-quarter-1/mpi-q1-2020-pdf.pdf
2 Id.
3 “Multifamily Vacancy Indices – Q1 2020 (Seasonally Adjusted),” by the National Association of Home Builders, accessed on June 30, 2020 and available at: https://www.nahb.org/-/media/NAHB/news-and-economics/docs/housing-economics/mms/2020-quarter-1/mvi-q1-2020-pdf.pdf.
4 “An Economic Update by Fed Chair Jerome H. Powell,” by the Peterson Institute for International Economics, accessed on July 9, 2020 and available at: https://www.piie.com/events/economic-update-fed-chair-jerome-h-powell.
5 “Re-Opening America: Low-Wage Workers Have Suffered Badly From COVID-19 So Policymakers Should Focus on Equity,” by Molly Kinder and Martha Ross of the Brookings Institution, accessed on July 9, 2020 and available at: https://www.brookings.edu/research/reopening-america-low-wage-workers-have-suffered-badly-from-covid-19-so-policymakers-should-focus-on-equity/.
6 “Foreclosure Threat Grows as COVID-19 Surges, Fed Says,” by Kathleen Howley, Housingwire.com, accessed on July 8, 2020 and available at: https://www.housingwire.com/articles/foreclosure-threat-grows-as-covid-19-surges-fed-says/.
7 Id.
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Third, this projected increase in mortgage foreclosures is leading to tighter credit markets and increased standards for banks to originate new loans. According to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s Mortgage Credit Availability Index, the availability of mortgage credit has decreased significantly each month since the initial wave of COVID-19 cases in March 2020, and availability of mortgage credit in May 2020 was at is lowest levels since early 20148. This is due in part to major banks increasing their mortgage borrower standards by requiring larger down payments and higher credit scores to receive new mortgage loans9. All of these factors would reduce the pool of persons interested and available to purchase a single-family home, and in turn, increase the demand for multi-family housing.
Finally, we believe that economic fallout from the COVID-19 crisis will ultimately result in more immigration from other countries, which will also increase demand for multi-family housing. While the rapid spread of COVID-19 has led many governments, including the U.S. government, to impose travel restrictions and decrease immigration from certain countries with higher prevalence of COVID-19 infections, we believe that COVID-19’s impact on certain industries will only serve to highlight the need for more immigration. For example, as the agricultural industry has experienced shortages due to localized outbreaks associated with the pandemic, many farms have been unable to fill labor shortages due to a dramatic decrease in immigration. Likewise, immigrant labor is strong in many essential businesses and services, all of which may highlight the important role immigrants play in our country and in our economy.
The Commercial Real Estate Market
The commercial real estate market is currently experienced market challenges in many locations throughout the United States. While retail, hospitality and office assets are experiencing significant vacancies, we expect the multifamily market will not see as steep of declines and in many markets will remain relatively stable given the overall housing shortage.
The Distressed Real Estate Market
Currently, we are beginning to see signs of distressed assets in the market, which allow for the potential to purchase assets at a significant discount. We plan to monitor certain markets for opportunities to invest in distressed assets assuming we are able to negotiate a purchase price that represents a significant discount to where we think true market value is.
8 “Mortgage Credit Availability Index,” by the Mortgage Bankers Association, accessed on July 8, 2020 and available at: https://www.mba.org/news-research-and-resources/research-and-economics/single-family-research/mortgage-credit-availability-index#:~:text=ABOUT%20THE%20MORTGAGE%20CREDIT%20AVAILABILITY,value%20ratio%2C%20etc.
9 “JPMorgan Chase to Raise Mortgage Borrowing Standards As Economic Outlook Darkens,” by Reuters, accessed on July 9, 2020 and available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/11/jpmorgan-chase-to-raise-mortgage-borrowing-standards-as-economic-outlook-darkens.html
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When the Company identifies a location or a potential property, it will typically sign a contract and place an escrow deposit to be held with the designated escrow agent. The Company will then conduct extensive due diligence, including physical site inspections, environmental studies, a review of applicable zoning and land use restrictions, title reports, a review of all leases (if any), a review of the revenues and expenses from the property, and a study of the local market and local conditions.
Based on its due diligence, the Company will determine whether to move forward with the property.
During the initial 12-36 months of owning and managing the property, the Company will analyze market conditions and decide whether the property should be maintained, refinanced, restructured (i.e., condominium conversion), or sold.
Real Estate Investment Life Cycle
The life cycle of a real estate project varies on an individual property basis, but generally all projects experience periods of development, stabilization, and decline. A major component of successful real estate investing is timing the cycle – in effect, buying low, selling high. The Company will pay close attention to the ongoing market cycles in an effort to maximize returns to investors, but given current market conditions, we believe we will be well-positioned to capitalize on the natural ebbs and flows of the real estate investment life cycle. This is because many of our properties will be bought low during the height of the COVID-19 crisis and sold high when markets return to historical norms in the years after the COVID-19 crisis has subsided.
We expect to use leverage on most of the real estate properties we invest in, meaning we will use debt to finance a portion of the purchase price. In general, for multifamily value-add projects we will target a loan-to-cost ratio of 65% -- 75%, although that ratio could be higher or lower for specific properties. In certain cases, depending on the property and its underwriting, we might also use mezzanine debt or preferred equity.
The U.S. real estate market as a whole has historically experienced heavy demand and limited supply, with many developers, investors, and other parties competing for property. However, the current pandemic has negatively impacted virtually every sector of the U.S. and global economy, including real estate. Wages for many households are down (some significantly), unemployment is approaching record levels, and banks and other lenders are preparing for an expected deluge of foreclosures.
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As a result, we believe that there will be a surge in existing multi-family housing projects available for purchase for the foreseeable future. At the same time, absent massive intervention into credit markets by the Federal Reserve, the expected tightening of credit markets may decrease the amount of capital to finance such purchases.
Accordingly, we believe the real estate market will favor large institutional investors and others with significant cash on hand or access to alternative financing methods. We may be at a disadvantage to our competition who may have greater capital resources than we do, including cash-on-hand. However, we believe that these larger competitors will focus on more expensive and larger properties, as the economic downturn associated with COVID-19 has also had some impact on medium- and upper-income communities. Thus, the Company will instead look for smaller to mid-sized properties, a market that typically involves individual and smaller institutional buyers rather than large institutions. The relative inefficiency in this segment and the likely surge in available properties due to COVID-19 and its related economic impacts may create excellent investment opportunities.
Allocation of Projects between the Company and DF Growth REIT I
Growth REIT I is focused on real estate assets in the United States, primarily multi-family residential properties. The scope of the Company is broader, but there could nevertheless be instances where the same project fits the investment strategy of both the Company and Growth REIT I. In that case we will evaluate the project seeking to balance both portfolios.
We will try to keep the portfolios balanced in several ways:
| ● | Geographic Balance. We will try to keep the portfolios balanced geographically. If a new project is located in North Carolina and Growth REIT I already owns three projects in North Carolina, the new project might make more sense in the Company. |
| ● | Risk Balance. Each project carries a risk/reward profile. If a new project is weighted toward a higher risk/reward profile and the Company’s portfolio is already weighted in that direction, the new project might make more sense in Growth REIT I. |
| ● | Balance in Property Rating. Multifamily projects are rated A, B, and C, in declining quality. We will try to achieve an average rating of B in both portfolios. |
We might try to achieve balance in other ways as well.
If, in the end, a new project makes equal sense in either the Company or Growth REIT I, it is also possible that both portfolios will invest.
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We will begin deploying the capital we raise in this Offering right away. We intend to operate the Company for approximately five years with the option of up to two additional one-year extensions at the discretion of the Manager.
To wind down the Company, the Manager will seek to generate liquidity for Investors and realize any gains in the value of our investments by selling or refinancing our properties and returning capital to Investors on an orderly basis. Sales and refinancing will be subject to prevailing market conditions and there is no guarantee that we will be successful in executing any such liquidity transactions on terms favorable to the Company and Investors, or that we will be able to do so within the time frame we have anticipated.
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PAST PERFORMANCE: OUR TRACK RECORD SO FAR
The Sponsor of the Company is DiversyFund, Inc. The principal owners of the Sponsor are Alan Lewis and Craig Cecilio.
The Sponsor was formed in August 2016. Over the last four years, the Sponsor or its affiliates (including other entities of which either Mr. Lewis or Mr. Cecilio was a principal) have acted as the sponsor of six real estate investment opportunities offered to investors under SEC Regulation D, which we refer to as a “Regulation D Programs.” In the aggregate, the Regulation D Programs have raised $15,037,872 from 190 investors and purchased or built five individual properties, all located in California. Of these, one property has been sold. All the Regulation D Programs involved new construction of single-family homes and multi-family properties, and all were more oriented toward “growth” than “income” objectives.
None of the Regulation D Programs (i) has been registered under the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) has been required to report under section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; (iii) has had a class of equity securities registered under section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or (iv) has, or has had, 300 or more security holders.
In addition to the Regulation D Programs, Growth REIT I has raised approximately $18,992,587 from investors as of the date of this Offering Circular and invested in seven multifamily real estate projects located throughout the United States, with an aggregate purchase price of $43,395,000, all managed and controlled by the Sponsor. None of these properties has been sold. These projects, too, are more oriented toward “growth” than “income.”
Growth REIT I prepares and files the public reports required by Regulation A, including annual and semi-annual reports. All of the public filings of Growth REIT I are available on EDGAR, the SEC’s electronic portal, and will be provided to prospective investors upon request and free of charge.
All the Regulation D Programs and Growth REIT I have investment objectives similar to those of the Company.
There have been no major adverse business developments or conditions experienced by Growth REIT I or any of the Regulation D Programs that would be material to purchasers of the Class A Investor Shares, other than the COVID-19 pandemic affecting real estate generally.
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The following properties have been built or acquired during the last three years by Growth REIT I or a Regulation D Program:
| Entity | Property Type | Location | Financing | |||
| DiversyFund Granito LLC | Single Family Residence | Los Angeles, CA | Debt | |||
| DiversyFund Park Blvd LLC | 59 Units Multifamily | San Diego, CA | Equity | |||
| DiversyFund Monterey LLC | Single Family Residence | Monterey, CA | Debt | |||
| The Sardinia Group Inc. | 8 Units Student Housing | San Diego, CA | Equity | |||
| DF Summerlyn LLC | 200 Units Multifamily | Killeen, TX | Equity | |||
| McArthur LG LLC | 121 Units Multifamily | Fayetteville, NC | Equity | |||
| Blvd West LLC | 242 Units Multifamily | Greenville, NC | Equity | |||
| Woodside Highland UT, LLC | 54 Units Multifamily | Highland, UT | Equity |
For more detailed information about these acquisitions see Table VI of the prior performance tables.
For more information about the prior Programs, please refer to Exhibit 1A-15.2 – Results of Prior Programs, below. The information presented in Exhibit 1A-15.2 is presented as of December 31, 2019.
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The Company intends to be treated as a Real Estate Investment Trust, or “REIT.”
A REIT is just a tax concept: an entity that is treated as a corporation for Federal income tax purposes and satisfies a long list of requirements listed in section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code. These requirements include:
| ● | The kinds of assets it owns |
| ● | The kind of income it generates |
| ● | Who owns it |
| ● | How much of its income it distributes to its owners |
A REIT is not a function of securities laws. Thus, many REITs have “gone public” by offering their securities in offerings that are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, while many other REITs are still private. Some “public” REITs have registered their shares on a national securities exchange, allowing the shares to be publicly traded, while the shares of other “public” REITs are traded privately. There are very large REITs and very small REITs, and everything in between. Some REITs invest in one class of real estate assets, others invest in completely different classes of real estate assets (e.g., only mortgages), and still others invest in multiple classes of real estate assets. The only thing all these companies have in common, being REITs, is that they all satisfy the requirement in section 856 of the Code.
Why go through the headache of satisfying all those rules to become a REIT? Just taxes:
| ● | If the Company were a regular limited liability company, not a REIT, then the income of the Company would be reported to Investors on Form K-1. Transferring the information from Form K-1 to his or her own personal tax return can be difficult and time-consuming. |
| ● | Conversely, if the Company were a corporation and did not qualify as a REIT, it would be subject to tax on its income at the corporate level, and investors would then be subject to tax again when the Company distributed its income, resulting in two levels of tax on the same income. |
| ● | As a REIT, the Company will not itself be subject to tax, and Investors will receive only a simple Form 1099 to report their income from the Company. |
If you are interested, you can read much more detailed information about the tax treatment of REITs in “Federal Income Tax Consequences.”
The Company is a limited liability for purposes of state law, but has elected to be treated as a corporation for Federal income tax purposes. That’s what allows the Company to be treated as a REIT.
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When Investors buy Class A Investor Shares, they are buying an interest in DF Growth REIT II, LLC, which is a Delaware limited liability company that has made an election to be taxed as a corporation (and as a REIT) for Federal income tax purposes. We refer to that entity as the “Company.”
Apart from Investors, the only other owner of the Company today is DiversyFund, Inc., which we refer to as the “Sponsor.”
DF Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to as the “Manager,” controls all of the aspects of the Company’s business and operations, including investment decisions (that is, deciding which properties to buy and sell and when to buy and sell them).
Of course, the Company could admit additional members in the future.
The following diagram illustrates the organizational structure of the Company, where Investors are included in the box at the right:
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Name | Position | Age | Term of Office | Approximate Hours Per Week If Not Full Time | ||||
| Craig Cecilio | Chief Executive Officer | 47 | Indefinite | 20 Hours | ||||
| Alan Lewis | Chief Financial Officer | 43 | Indefinite | 20 Hours | ||||
| Tom Powell | Senior Transaction Manager | 36 | At Will | Full Time | ||||
| Van Vogel | Executive Vice President of Real Estate | 59 | At Will | Full Time | ||||
| Andrew Witkowski | Vice President – Acquisitions | 47 | At Will | Full Time | ||||
| George Jalil | Vice President – Acquisitions | 36 | At Will | Full Time | ||||
| Ginger Vyterna | Senior Asset Manager | 47 | At Will | Full Time |
NOTE: All these individuals are employed by DiversyFund, Inc., the Sponsor, not by the Company directly. The Sponsor is the sole member, and the manager, of DF Manager, LLC, which is the Manager of the Company.
Craig Cecilio
Mr. Cecilio is the Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of the Sponsor, DiversyFund, Inc. Mr. Cecilio has worked in the real estate industry for nearly 20 years. Over the course of his career, Mr. Cecilio has participated in the development of over 1,000 single family residences in California as either a joint venture equity partner, lender, or sponsor. Previously, Mr. Cecilio owned a real estate lending business, Coastal California Funding Group, Inc., which underwrote and financed residential renovations and ground-up construction in California coastal markets such as San Diego, Orange County, Los Angeles and San Francisco, and a loan servicing business.
Additionally, Mr. Cecilio founded a real estate debt fund in 2013, which manages a portfolio of real estate-backed bridge loans used primarily to “pre-fund” many of the Manager’s real estate projects. Since 1997, Mr. Cecilio has financed nearly $500 million of real estate assets, having raised over $100 million in debt or equity for real estate transactions in the last three years, and has developed and managed over $50 million of residential property (renovations and ground-up). Mr. Cecilio is a graduate of the University of Colorado at Boulder.
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Alan R. Lewis
Mr. Lewis is the Chief Investment Officer and Co-Founder of the Sponsor, DiversyFund, Inc. Prior to the launch of the Manager, he was the head of the real estate private equity division of a real estate investment and development firm based out of Salt Lake City, Utah, where he oversaw capital raising, deal structuring and development work for multi-family projects and master-planned residential communities. Previously, Mr. Lewis worked for nearly ten years on Wall Street as both an investment banker and a corporate lawyer, most recently working as a Managing Director of the Investment Banking Division of Brill Securities where Mr. Lewis provided financial advisory and capital raising services for high-growth companies along with real estate and oil and gas projects.
Prior to joining Brill Securities in 2010, Mr. Lewis practiced as a corporate attorney at Davis Polk & Wardwell, a Tier 1 ranked Wall Street law firm (Chambers USA). His practice included IPO’s, mergers and acquisitions, and commercial real estate, including the acquisition and refinancing of several Fifth Avenue commercial buildings, acquisitions and portfolio restructurings for a $6 billion real estate private equity fund. Over his career, Mr. Lewis has worked on transactions totaling, in aggregate, over $41 billion. Mr. Lewis received a BA from Brigham Young University and a JD from Columbia Law School, where he was a Senior Editor on the Columbia Law Review. Mr. Lewis is admitted to practice law in New York and previously held Series 7, 66 and 79 FINRA licenses.
Van Vogel
Mr. Vogel is the Executive Vice President of Real Estate for DiversyFund, Inc. where he oversees the Company’s acquisitions and financing in commercial real estate. Mr. Vogel brings over 30 years of executive real estate experience in the commercial multi family space. Previously he was CEO of Prime Financial Development, a national commercial mortgage lender where he specialized in multi-family projects and acquisitions.
Prior to PFD he was president of Virginia Financial Development, a commercial real estate lending firm primarily doing business in the South East. Mr. Vogel also was the President of Accurate Title, an escrow and settlement company in eastern Virginia for 14 years and has expanded knowledge of real estate legal transactions.
Mr. Vogel has closed and settled over 5 billion in real estate transactions over the last 30 years.
Andrew Witkowski
Mr. Witkowski leads the acquisition efforts for DiversyFund in the Northeast, Southeast, and Great Lakes markets. Based in New York City, he was recently Director of Real Estate for Sumitomo Corporation of Americas, a Fortune Global 500. There he focused on the full life cycle—from acquisition through disposition--of multi-family apartments, in addition to developing master-planned communities.
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An accomplished and versatile Investment and Acquisition executive with twenty-plus years of complete lifecycle real estate experience from sourcing to acquisition through debt and equity placement to project disposition, Mr. Witkowski’s experience includes: co-founder of a real estate investment management startup and Vice President of Acquisitions at TGM Associates, a SEC registered pension fund and investment advisory firm. He has built or acquired nearly 6,000 multifamily units as well as office and land assets all totaling in excess of $2.5 Billion.
George Jalil
Mr. Jalil leads the acquisition efforts for DiversyFund in the Southern U.S. markets. Mr. Jalil was recently the Vice President of Capital Markets at Pillar Income Asset Management based out of Dallas, Texas. During his time at Pillar, Mr. Jalil oversaw all real estate acquisition, disposition, and financing activities of multifamily value-add assets and ground-up development within multiple private and public portfolios.
Mr. Jalil’s diverse and versatile commercial real estate experience stretches across multiple facets of the industry including: brokerage, debt acquisitions, private equity, real estate valuation, property management, capital markets, asset management, advisory, and sponsor acquisitions. With over a decade in commercial real estate acquisitions, Mr. Jalil has a proven track record of full-cycle value-add multifamily transactions totaling over $1.1 billion across 10,200 units in geographies throughout the U.S. sunbelt.
Tom Powell
Mr. Powell is the Senior Transaction Manager at DiversyFund, Inc. where he is responsible for all aspects of closing commercial real estate investments for DiversyFund’s Multi-Family Fund. Responsibilities include negotiating the Purchase and Sale Agreement (PSA), managing the due diligence process, review and submission of loan documents, reviewing and adjusting DiversyFund underwriting, and scheduling with third-party contacts. Mr. Powell teams with DiversyFund’s VP of Acquisitions and is the main interface with lenders, brokers/sellers, outside attorneys, third-party vendors, and escrow officers.
Mr. Powell has transacted on over $1 billion of real estate in his career. He started his career at Lee and Associates where he focused on leasing and sales of commercial properties. At Pacific Southwest Realty Services he secured over $300 million in debt capital with total capitalization of over $600 million. At AMC Investments Mr. Powell closed over 20 joint venture acquisitions with a total capitalization of over $400 million.
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Ginger Vyterna
Ginger Vyterna brings over 27 years of progressive management in operations, acquisitions, asset management and development within the multifamily arena to DiversyFund. With a keen understanding of both conventional and LIHTC assets from the on-site level to executive leadership, her portfolios have continually exceeded organizational expectations. By establishing acquisition protocols, creating custom business plans and understanding diversity she has continually led her teams through difficult market trends while repositioning value-add communities throughout the country. Her tenure at Ram Real Estate, Atlantic | Pacific Management, Priderock Capital Partners, Grand Peaks and New Urban Communities have provided hands on experience in multiple markets from Oregon to New Jersey. Her experience with understanding the multifamily business model will assure the management of our assets exceeds investors’ expectations.
The Sponsor owns 100% of DF Manager, LLC, the Manager of the Company, while Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis own more than 80% of the Sponsor.
There are no family relationships among the Executive Officers and Significant Employees of the Company.
Within the last five years, no Executive Officer or Significant Employee of the Company has been convicted of, or pleaded guilty or no contest to, any criminal matter, excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses.
Within the last five years, no Executive Officer or Significant Employee of the Company, no partnership of which an Executive Officer or Significant Employee was a general partner, and no corporation or other business association of which an Executive Officer or Significant Employee was an executive officer, has been a debtor in bankruptcy or any similar proceedings.
The principals of our Sponsor, Craig Cecilio and Alan Lewis, are currently defendants in three lawsuits arising from real estate transactions. The Company is not involved in any of the lawsuits and is not responsible for any of the liabilities alleged in the lawsuits, directly or indirectly.
In 2015, before the Sponsor or the Company were formed, Mr. Cecilio raised capital for a project involving ground-up construction located in La Jolla, California. When the project ran into financial difficulty, with the lender threatening to foreclose, Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis both personally guaranteed a loan from a new lender to protect the interests of the equity investors, although they were not obligated to do so. Although the project was completed, it was financially unsuccessful and unable to repay all the guaranteed debt. The lender has brought suit against Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis for the deficient loan balance of approximately $1.9 million.
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Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis have asserted counterclaims against the lender. Among other things, they allege that the general contractor hired at the insistence of the lender was responsible for the failure of the project by causing significant delays and budget overruns, and that the lender and the contractor should be viewed as joint-venturers.
In the same project, an individual loaned money to the borrower entity, secured by a second lien and personal guarantees by Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis. When the project ran into financial difficulty it was discovered that the second lien had not been properly recorded, resulting in a significant loss to the lender. The lender sued her lawyer for legal malpractice and the lawyer has made a cross-claim against Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis relating to their personal guaranty. The amount of the cross-claim is approximately $1 million.
An equity investor in the same project has filed a lawsuit alleging that the Sponsor, Mr. Cecilio, and Mr. Lewis failed to provide adequate disclosure, were professionally negligent, and breached their fiduciary duty on several projects, all funded before the Sponsor or the Company were formed. The investor is claiming damages of approximately $774,000 in the aggregate. On a separate project, the same investor is suing on a personal guaranty of approximately $55,000.
Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis are vigorously defending all of these lawsuits and expect them to be settled with no impact on the Company. If all of the lawsuits resulted in judgments against Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis for the full amount claimed, however, it could affect the Company adversely in several ways:
| ● | It would impair the credit of Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis personally, which could indirectly impair the credit of the Company, in the sense that a lender that would otherwise accept the guaranty of Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis for a loan to the Company would no longer be willing to do so or such lender would require less favorable terms on a loan such as a higher interest rate that could adversely affect the overall returns of the Company. |
| ● | The owners of properties the Company would like to buy might be less inclined to deal with the Company. |
| ● | Depending on the size of the judgment, Mr. Cecilio and/or Mr. Lewis could be forced into bankruptcy. |
| ● | Mr.
Cecilio and Mr. Lewis control the Company indirectly. In a worst-case scenario, a large judgment could result in a loss or
dilution of their control. |
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The people who run the Company make money from the Company in (only) three ways:
| ● | They receive fees |
| ● | They invest alongside Investors and receive the same distributions as Investors |
| ● | They receive the Promoted Interest |
All three forms of compensation are discussed below.
The Company itself does not have any employees or payroll. For example, Mr. Lewis and Mr. Cecilio, the owners of the Sponsor, do not receive any salary, bonuses, or other compensation directly from the Company. Instead, all of his compensation is paid from the fees paid to the Manager and from the Promoted Interest.
| Type of Fee | Description and Amount |
| Reimbursement | The Company will reimburse the Sponsor for expenses the Sponsor incurs in connection with the Offering, before the Offering is “qualified” by the SEC (after the Offering is qualified, the expenses will borne by the Company itself, directly). However (i) the Sponsor will not be entitled to any reimbursement until the Company has raised at least $1,000,000 from the sale of Class A Investor Shares; (ii) if the Company raises only $1,000,000 from the sale of Class A Investor Shares, the Sponsor’s reimbursement will be limited to a maximum of $100,000; (iii) the Sponsor will not be entitled to full reimbursement until the Company has raised $3,000,000 from the sale of Class A Investor Shares; and (iv) if the Company raises more than $1,000,000 but less than $3,000,000 from the sale of Class A Investor Shares, the reimbursement in excess of $100,000 will be pro rated.
Estimate: The Sponsor currently estimates that its total expenses for the Offering, before the Offering is qualified, will be approximately $75,000. |
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Asset Management Fee |
The Sponsor will charge each Project Entity an asset management fee equal to 2% of the gross operating income (typically gross rental revenue) of the real estate project owned by the Project Entity.
Estimate: The amount of the asset management fee will depend on the gross operating income of the real estate asset. We cannot make a reasonable estimate at this time. |
| Sponsor Fee | The Sponsor will charge each Project Entity (or the Company itself, if the Company owns real estate directly) a sponsor fee of between 6% and 8% of the total project costs, including both “hard” costs (e.g., the cost of property) and “soft” costs (e.g., professional fees).
Estimate: If the Company raises the full $50,00,000 and maintains an average leverage ratio (borrowing) of 55%, the sponsor fee would range between $6,666,666 and $8,888,888. |
Property Disposition Fee |
Where the Company owns property directly or is the sole owner of a Project Entity, the Sponsor will receive a property disposition fee equal to 1% of the total sale price of each property.
Where property is owned by an entity in which there is another financial partner – a joint venture – the Sponsor might be entitled to a similar disposition fee to the extent negotiated with the financial partners in such joint venture (which could be higher than the 1% disposition fee for direct investment). However, the Company’s share of the fee will not exceed 1% of the Company’s share of the total sale price.
Estimate: The amount of the disposition fee will depend on the selling price of assets by the Company and any joint ventures and, in the case of joint ventures, the terms our Sponsor negotiates with joint venture partners. We cannot make a reasonable estimate at this time. |
Financing Fee |
Where the Company owns property directly, or is the sole owner of a Project Entity, the Sponsor will receive a financing fee equal to 1.0% of the amount of each loan placed on a property, whether at the time of acquisition or pursuant to a refinancing. This financing fee will be in addition to any fees paid to third parties, such as mortgage brokers.
Where property is owned by an entity in which there is another financial partner – a joint venture – the Sponsor might be entitled to a similar financing fee to the extent negotiated with the financial partners in such joint venture (which could be higher than the 1% financing fee for direct investment). However, the Sponsor’s share of the fee will not exceed 1% of the Company’s share of the loan.
Estimate: The amount of the financing fee will depend on the selling price of assets by the Company and any joint ventures and, in the case of joint ventures, the terms our Sponsor negotiates with joint venture partners. We cannot make a reasonable estimate at this time. |
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Construction Management Fee |
The Sponsor might provide construction management services. If so, the Sponsor be entitled to a construction management fee equal to 7.5% of actual construction costs.
Estimate: The amount of the construction management fee will depend on the nature and cost of the construction services the Manager provides. We cannot make a reasonable estimate at this time. |
| Guaranty Fee | If the Sponsor or an affiliate guaranties indebtedness of the Company or a Project Entity, including guaranties of any so-called “bad boy” carveouts, the guarantor will be entitled to a guaranty fee equal to 0.5% of the loan.
Estimate: The amount of the guaranty fee will depend on the amount of loans requiring a guaranty. We cannot make a reasonable estimate at this time. |
| Other Fees | The Company or Project Entities might engage the Sponsor or its affiliates to perform other services. The compensation paid to the Sponsor or its affiliates in each case must be (i) fair to the Company and the Project Entities, (ii) comparable to the compensation that would be paid to an unrelated party, and (iii) disclosed to Investors.
Estimate: We cannot make a reasonable estimate of other fees at this time. |
The Sponsor and its affiliates might purchase Class A Investor Shares. If so, they will be entitled to the same distributions as other Investors.
As described in “Securities Being Offered – Distributions” starting on page 40, the Sponsor is entitled to receive certain distributions that we refer to as the “Promoted Interest.” The Promoted Interest is paid in two levels: first, after Investors have received a 7% preferred return on their investment, the Sponsor is entitled to a catchup return equal to approximately 53.85% of the preferred return paid to Investors; and second, after Investors have received their preferred return and the Sponsor has received its catchup return, the Sponsor is entitled to 35% of the remaining profits.
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How much money the Sponsor ultimately receives as a Promoted Interest therefore depends on a number of factors, including:
| ● | How much capital is raised in the Offering; |
| ● | The investment returns the Company is able to achieve; |
| ● | When those returns are achieved (the Company might not achieve the same return every year); |
| ● | When the Company distributes money to Investors; and |
| ● | The amount of expenses the Company incurs. |
No less than once per year, the Company will provide Investors with a detailed statement showing:
| ● | The fees paid to the Sponsor and its affiliates; and |
| ● | Any transactions between the Company and the Sponsor or its affiliates. |
In each case, the detailed statement will describe the services performed and the amount of compensation paid.
If, upon the liquidation of the Company, the owners of the Class A Investor Shares other than the Manager, the Sponsor, and their affiliates have not received distributions sufficient to return their capital contributions plus a 7% cumulative, non-compounded annual return, the Manager, the Sponsor, and their affiliates will be required to return any distributions they have received from the Company (not fees), over and above their actual contributed capital, in an amount such that the Company can distribute the shortfall to the owners of the Class A Investor Shares, other than the Manager, the Sponsor, and their affiliates.
The compensation described in this section was calculated using the accrual method of accounting.
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The stages of the Company’s organization, development, and operation, and the compensation paid by the Company to the Manager and its affiliates during each stage, are as follows:
| Stage | Compensation | |
| Organization | None | |
| Acquisition | ● Asset Management Fee
● Sponsor Fee
● Financing Fee | |
| Operation | ● Asset Management Fee
● Guaranty Fee
● Financing Fee
● Returns from Co-Investment
● Promoted Interest
● Disposition Fee | |
| Liquidation | ● Returns from Co-Investment
● Promoted Interest
● Disposition Fee |
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT
The limited liability company interests in the Company are denominated by 20,000,000 “Shares,” consisting of 1,000,000 “Common Shares” and 19,000,000 “Investor Shares.” The Manager has the authority to divide the 19,000,000 Investor Shares into one or more “classes,” by adopting one or more authorizing resolutions. The Manager adopted the Authorizing Resolution to create 7,500,000 Class A Investor Shares.
As of the date of this Offering Circular, the limited liability company interests of the Company are owned as follows:
Common Shares
| Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares | Percent of Class | ||||||
| DiversyFund, Inc.* 750 B Street Suite 1930 San Diego, CA. 92101 | 1,000,000 | 100 | % | |||||
| DF Manager, LLC 750 B Street Suite 1930 San Diego, CA. 92101 | 0 | 0 | % | |||||
| Alan Lewis 750 B Street Suite 1930 San Diego, CA. 92101 | 0 | 0 | % | |||||
| Craig Cecilio 750 B Street Suite 1930 San Diego, CA. 92101 | 0 | 0 | % | |||||
Class A Investor Shares
| Beneficial Owner | Number of Shares | Percent of Class | ||||||
| None | 0 | 0 | % | |||||
* DiversyFund, Inc., the Sponsor, is controlled by Mr. Lewis and Mr. Ceclio.
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Under the LLC Agreement, the Manager has full control over all aspects of the business of the Company. Investors will not be entitled to vote on any matter involving the Company or the Company, except that the owners of the Class A Investor Shares may, in some situations, remove the Manager for cause. For more information, see “Summary of Our LLC Agreement and Authorizing Resolution – Management.”
The Manager is owned by the Sponsor, which is controlled by Mr. Lewis and Mr. Cecilio. Thus, except as provided above, they have complete control over the Company.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The Company has entered into a Management Agreement with the Manager, pursuant to which the Manager will provide management and investment management services as described in “Summary of LLC Agreement and Authorizing Resolution – Management.” Under the Management Agreement, the Company will pay the Sponsor certain fees as described in “Compensation of Management.” The Manager is an affiliate of our Sponsor, DiversyFund, Inc. Thus, the amount of fees and other terms of the Management Agreement were determined among related parties and not at arm’s-length.
The Sponsor, the Manager, Mr. Cecilio, Mr. Lewis, and parties related to them might also invest in the Company by purchasing Class A Investor Shares, along with other Investors.
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We are offering to the public up to $50,000,000 of our Class A Investor Shares, which represent limited liability company interests in the Company. All of the rights and obligations associated with the Class A Investor Shares are set forth in:
| ● | The LLC Agreement, which is attached as Exhibit 1A-2B; and |
| ● | The Authorizing Resolution, which is attached as Exhibit 1A-2C. |
Price of Class A Investor Shares
Initially, we will offer the Class A Investor Shares at $10 per Class A Investor Share. During the term of this Offering, we may increase or decrease the price per Class A Investor Share to reflect changes in the value of our assets and the amount of our liabilities, which will be determined by the Manager in its sole and absolute discretion.
To determine the price of the Class A Investor Shares, the Manager would:
| ● | Determine the fair market value of the Company’s assets, using appraisals and/or such other methods as the Manager may determine, including its own judgment; |
| ● | Determine the amount of the Company’s liabilities; and |
| ● | Determine the amount that a purchaser of Class A Investor Shares would receive if all of the assets of the Company were sold for their fair market values, less hypothetical sales commissions and transaction costs, all the liabilities of the Company were satisfied, and the net proceeds were distributed in accordance with the LLC Agreement. |
Changes in the price of the Class A Investor Shares will be reflected in a supplement or amendment to this Offering Statement filed with the SEC. At this time, the Manager cannot reasonably estimate when or how often it will amend the Offering price. Such amendments will depend upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, (i) the amount of capital raised in this Offering, (ii) our ability to effectively deploy the capital we raise, (iii) the timing of actual asset acquisitions and dispositions by the Company, and (iv) the value of assets acquired or disposed of by the Company.
Owners of the Class A Investor Shares – that is, Investors – will have no right to vote or otherwise participate in the management of the Company. Instead, the Company is managed by the Manager exclusively. However, under certain circumstances Investors have the right to remove the Manager for “cause.”
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We intend to make distributions periodically, as conditions permit. The order of distributions will be governed by the Company’s LLC Agreement and by the Authorizing Resolution.
We divide distributions into two categories:
| ● | Distributions of ordinary operating cash flow (for example, net income from the rental of a property, after expenses); and |
| ● | Distributions of the net proceeds from “capital transactions” like sales or refinancing of properties (“net proceeds” means the gross proceeds of the capital transaction, reduced by the expenses of the transaction, including repayment of debt). |
Distributions of ordinary operating cash flow will be in the following order of priority:
| ● | Step One: First, Investors will receive all the operating cash flow until they have received a 7% cumulative, non-compounded annual return on their invested capital. We refer to this as the “Preferred Return” of Investors. |
| ● | Step Two: Second, any remaining operating cash flow will be distributed to the owner of the Common Shares (the Sponsor) in an amount that bears the same proportion to the total Preferred Return paid to date as 35 bears to 65, i.e., approximately 53.85%. We refer to this as the “Catchup Return.” |
| ● | Step Three: Third, any remaining operating cash flow will be distributed 65% to the Investors on a pro rata basis, and 35% to the owner of the Common Shares. |
Distributions of the net proceeds from capital transactions will be made in the following order or priority:
| ● | Step One: First, Investors will receive all the net proceeds until they have received their entire Preferred Return. |
| ● | Step Two: Second, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed to the owners of the Common Shares in an amount equal to the Catchup Return. |
| ● | Step Three: Third, Investors will receive any remaining net proceeds to return an allocable portion of the capital they invested*. |
| ● | Step Four: Fourth, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed 65% to the Investors and 35% until Investors have received an “internal rate of return” of 12%**. |
| ● | Step Five: Fifth, any remaining net proceeds will be distributed 50% to the Investors on a pro rata basis and 50% to the owner of the Common Shares. |
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We expect to make distributions of ordinary operating cash flow on at least an annual basis, i.e., once per year. Distributions of the net proceeds from capital transactions will be made, if at all, upon the occurrence of a capital transaction.
*When we say that all distributions of the net proceeds from capital transactions will first be distributed to Investors until they have received an “allocable portion” of the capital they invested, we mean that when the Company enters into a capital transaction like a sale or refinancing, and decides to distribute some or all of the proceeds (as opposed to reinvesting the proceeds in other properties), the Manager will allocate all of the capital contributed by Investors (less any previous distributions of capital) among all of the properties owned by the Company, based on an estimate of the fair market value of each property (less debt encumbering each property). This will allow the Manager to determine how much capital is allocable to the property involved in the capital transaction.
**”Internal rate of return” is a financial concept that measures the overall return from an investment, taking into account all the money you put in as well as all the money you took out, as well as the timing of each contribution and distribution. Solely by way of example, you would have an internal rate of return if you contributed $100 to an investment and:
| ● | Liquidated the investment in one year for $116; or |
| ● | Received no distributions for five years, and at the end of the fifth year liquidated the investment for $210.03; or |
| ● | Received a payment of $16 at the end of year, and received your $100 back at the end of the fifth year. |
We calculate the internal rate of return using the XIRR function in Microsoft Excel, the spreadsheet program.
NOTE CONCERNING CALCULATION OF RETURNS: In general, we will calculate the returns of Investors beginning on the last day of the month in which an Investor purchases his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares.
If, upon the liquidation of the Company, the owners of the Class A Investor Shares other than the Manager, the Sponsor, and their affiliates (including Mr. Cecilio and Mr. Lewis) have not received distributions sufficient to return their capital contributions plus a 7% cumulative, non-compounded annual return, the Manager, the Sponsor, and their affiliates will be required to return any distributions they have received from the Company, over and above their actual contributed capital, in an amount such that the Company can distribute the shortfall to the owners of the Class A Investor Shares, other than the Manager, the Sponsor, and their its affiliates.
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How We Decide How Much To Distribute
To decide how much to distribute, we start with our revenues, which may include proceeds from the sale or refinancing properties and rental income, and then subtract our actual expenses, which may include items such as management fees (including fees to the Manager), bank fees, appraisal costs, insurance, commissions, marketing costs, taxes, legal and accounting fees, travel expenses, and fees paid to third parties. Finally, depending on the circumstances at the time, we decide how much should be held in reserve against future contingencies. The amount we distribute is therefore our revenue, minus our expenses, minus the reserve amount.
In some situations, we might be required by law to withhold taxes and/or other amounts from distributions made to Investors. The amount we withhold will still be treated as part of the distribution. For example, if we distribute $100 to you and are required to withhold $10 in taxes, for our purposes you will be treated as having received a distribution of $100 even though only $90 was deposited in your bank account.
We can only distribute as much money as we have. There is no guaranty that we will have enough money, after paying expenses, to distribute anything to Investors.
Investors may freely transfer their Class A Investor Shares, but only after providing the Manager with written assurance that (i) the transfer is not required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, (ii) the transferor or the transferee will reimburse the Company for expenses incurred in connection with the transfer, and (iii) the transfer will not compromise the Company’s election to be taxed as a REIT for purposes of Federal income taxation.
The Manager may require an Investor to sell his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares back to the Company:
| ● | If the Investor is an entity governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Code section 4975, or any similar Federal, State, or local law, and the Manager determines that all or any portion of the assets of the Company would, in the absence of the redemption, more likely than not be treated as “plan assets” or otherwise become subject to such laws. |
| ● | If the Manager determines that the redemption would be beneficial in allowing the Company to retain its status as a REIT. |
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| ● | If the Manager determines that (i) such Investor made a material misrepresentation to the Company; (ii) legal or regulatory proceedings are commenced or threatened against the Company or any of its members arising from or relating to the Investor’s interest in the Company; (iii) the Manager believes that such Investor’s ownership has caused or will cause the Company to violate any law or regulation; (iv) such Investor has violated any of his, her, or its obligations to the Company or to the other Members; or (ii) such Investor is engaged in, or has engaged in conduct (including but not limited to criminal conduct) that (A) brings the Company, or threatens to bring the Company, into disrepute, or (B) is adverse and fundamentally unfair to the interests of the Company or the other Members. |
If an Investor’s Class A Investor Shares are purchased pursuant to such a request, the price will be equal to:
| ● | If the purchase occurs before December 31, 2020, or within six months after the Investor purchased his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares from the Company, the amount the Investor paid for the Class A Investor Shares; and |
| ● | Otherwise, 90% of the amount the selling Investor would have received had all assets of the Company been sold for their net asset value and the proceeds, less all liabilities and expenses, been distributed in liquidation of the Company. |
The purchase price will be paid by wire transfer or other immediately-available funds.
Investors do not have the right to cause the Company to re-purchase (redeem) their Class A Investor Shares.
Immediately following the Offering the Company will have two classes of securities outstanding: Class A Investor Shares and Common Shares. Investors will own all the Class A Investor Shares while the Sponsor will own all the Common Shares. The principal rights associated with the Common Shares are as follows:
| ● | Distributions: As the holder of the Common Shares, the Sponsor will be entitled to the distributions described above. |
| ● | Voting Rights: The Common Shares will have no voting rights per se. However, the Manager, in its capacity as the manager of the Company, will control the Company. |
| ● | Obligation to Contribute Capital: Holders of the Common Shares will have no obligation to contribute capital to the Company. |
| ● | Redemptions: Holders of the Common Shares will have no right to have Common Shares redeemed. |
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LIMIT ON AMOUNT A NON-ACCREDITED INVESTOR CAN INVEST
As long as you’re at least 18 years old, you can invest in this Offering. But if you’re not an “accredited” investor, the amount you can invest is limited by law.
Under 17 CFR §230.501, a regulation issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the term “accredited investor” means:
| ● | A natural person who has individual net worth, or joint net worth with the person’s spouse, that exceeds $1 million at the time of the purchase, excluding the value of the primary residence of such person; |
| ● | A natural person with income exceeding $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with a spouse exceeding $300,000 for those years and a reasonable expectation of the same income level in the current year; |
| ● | A trust with assets in excess of $5 million, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person; |
| ● | A business in which all the equity owners are accredited investors; |
| ● | An employee benefit plan, within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, if a bank, insurance company, or registered investment adviser makes the investment decisions, or if the plan has total assets in excess of $5 million; |
| ● | A bank, insurance company, registered investment company, business development company, or small business investment company; |
| ● | A charitable organization, corporation, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets exceeding $5 million; and |
| ● | A director, executive officer, or general partner of the company selling the securities, or any director, executive officer, or general partner of a general partner of that issuer. |
If you fall within any of those categories, then you can invest as much as you want. If you don’t fall within any of those categories, then the most you can invest in this Offering is the greater of:
| ● | 10% of your annual income; or |
| ● | 10% of your net worth. |
These limits are imposed by law, not by us.
When you go to our website, www.DiversyFund.com, we will ask whether you’re an accredited investor. If you aren’t, then we’ll ask about your annual income and net worth.
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We are offering up to $50,000,000 of our Class A Investor Shares in the Offering. We will begin deploying the proceeds of the Offering (that is, we will begin to invest in real estate projects) as soon as we begin raising capital, without waiting to raise any minimum amount.
Only the Company itself is selling securities in this Offering. No securities are being sold by or on behalf of any existing owner of the Company.
Anyone 18 or older can buy Class A Investor Shares, regardless of income or net worth. If you are not an “accredited investor” the law limits how much you can invest. See “Limit on Amount a Non-Accredited Investor Can Invest.”
The Offering will begin as soon as our offering statement is “qualified” by the SEC. The Offering will end upon the earlier of (1) the date we have sold $50,000,000 of Class A Investor Shares (i.e., all the securities we are offering), (2) the date two years after it begins, or (3) the date we decide to end it.
The minimum initial investment is 50 Class A Investor Shares, or $500.
The Class A Investor Shares will be offered by the Company itself through www.DiversyFund.com, which we refer to as the “Site.” Purchases and sales of our Class A Investor Shares made through our Site will not be subject to any sales commissions or fees.
To buy Class A Investor Shares, visit the Site and register, locate the Offering, and follow the instructions. We will ask for certain information about you, including:
| ● | Your name and address |
| ● | Your social security number (for tax reporting purposes) |
| ● | Whether you are an “accredited investor” |
| ● | If you not an accredited investor, your income and net worth |
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We will also ask you to sign our Investment Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 1A-6A.
You will pay for your Class A Investor Shares using one of the options described on the Site.
The information you submit, including your signed Investment Agreement, is called your “subscription.” We will review your subscription and decide whether to accept it. We have the right to accept or reject subscriptions in our sole discretion, for any reason or for no reason.
Once we have accepted your subscription, we will notify you by email and the investment process will be complete. We will also notify you by email if we do not accept your subscription, although we might not explain why. We reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part for any reason. If we reject your subscription, we will return all your money without interest or deduction.
Your Class A Investor Shares will be issued in electronic form only. We will not issue you a paper certificate representing your Class A Investor Shares.
When you invest through our Site, your money will be held in an escrow account with Prime Trust, LLC, a third-party financial institution that will serve as the escrow agent. Your investment will be held only until we review your subscription and decide whether to accept it. If we decide to reject your subscription for any reason, we will return your funds to you without interest or deduction.
After the Offering has been “qualified” by the SEC, we intend to advertise the Offering using the Site and through other means, including public advertisements and audio-visual materials, in each case only as we authorize. Although these materials will not contain information that conflicts with the information in this Offering Circular and will be prepared with a view to presenting a balanced discussion of risk and reward with respect to the Class A Investor Shares, our advertising materials will not give a complete understanding of this Offering, the Company, or the Class A Investor Shares and are not to be considered part of this Offering Circular. The Offering is made only by means of this Offering Circular and prospective Investors must read and rely on the information provided in this Offering Circular in connection with their decision to invest in the Class A Investor Shares.
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Supplements and Amendments to Offering Circular
From time to time we will supplement or amend this Offering Circular during the term of the Offering to reflect changes or additions to the information presented, as required by SEC rules.
Among other things, while the Offering is being conducted, we will file a “sticker supplement” pursuant to Rule 253(g) of SEC Regulation A for each project in which we intend to invest, at such time as we determine that there is a reasonable probability that we will invest. The supplement will describe the project and will disclose all compensation and fees paid to the Manager or its affiliates in connection with the acquisition.
At least once every three months, we will consolidate all such sticker supplements into a “post-qualification amendment” to this Offering Circular. Where appropriate, the post-qualification amendment will also include or incorporate by reference audited financial statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X for properties acquired during the distribution period.
We will also file, after the end of the distribution period, a current report on Form 1-U containing the financial statements and any additional information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X (as applicable), to reflect each commitment (i.e., the signing of a binding purchase agreement) to purchase a property made after the end of the distribution period involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the net proceeds of the Offering, and we will provide the information contained in such report to Investors at least once each quarter after the distribution period ends.
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We expect that the principal costs of the Offering will be (i) legal and accounting costs, and (ii) marketing costs, i.e., the costs associated with marketing the Offering itself. We expect the legal accounting costs to be about $75,000, no matter how much money we raise. The marketing costs, on the other hand, will vary depending on the size of the Offering: the more money we spend marketing the Offering, the more money we expect to raise. Roughly speaking, we expect to spend about 1% of the money raised on marketing. Thus, if we raise $5,000,000 in the Offering we expect to spend about $50,000 on marketing, while if we raise $50,000,000 in the Offering we expect to spend about $500,000 on marketing.
After paying these costs, all of the proceeds of the Offering, no matter how much we raise, will be used to invest in real estate projects and to pay the Company’s normal operating costs, including fees to the Manager and its affiliates.
We are not paying commissions to underwriters, brokers, or anybody else for selling or distributing the Class A Investor Shares. Because we are not paying any commissions, more of your money can go to work for you.
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INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT LIMITATIONS
A company that is treated as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) is subject to stringent and onerous regulation, like a mutual fund. Being an investment company isn’t illegal, but is very expensive. If the Company were treated as an investment company it would be very bad for our business and our Investors.
Under section 3(a) of the 1940 Act, the term “investment company” means any company that:
| ● | Is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities; |
| ● | Is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of issuing face-amount certificates of the installment type, or has been engaged in such business and has any such certificate outstanding; or |
| ● | Is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the company’s total assets (exclusive of Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. |
Real estate itself is not a “security” for purposes of the 1940 Act. Thus, if all of the Company’s assets consisted of direct interests in real estate – direct ownership of land and buildings – the Company could not be an investment company.
However, the Company will own most assets through other companies. For example, the Company might own an interest in a real estate development through a limited liability company. Because an interest in a limited liability company is generally treated as a “security” within the meaning of the 1940 Act, the possibility remains that the Company could be treated as an investment company looking only at section 3(a)(1) of the statute.
However, section 3(b)(1) of the 1940 Act provides that “Any [company] primarily engaged, directly or through a wholly-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in a business or businesses other than that of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities” will not be treated as an “investment company.” Further, 17 CFR §270.3a-1, a regulation issued by the SEC pursuant to section 3(b)(1), provides that a company will not be treated as an investment company if no more than 45% of the value of its assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) consist of, and no more than 45% of its after-tax income is derived from, securities other than:
| ● | Government securities; |
| ● | Securities issued by employees’ securities companies; |
| ● | Securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries which are not themselves investment companies; and |
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| ● | Securities issued by companies: |
| o | Which are controlled primarily by the company in question; |
| o | Through which the company in question engages in a business other than that of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities; and |
| o | Which are not themselves investment companies; |
For these purposes:
| ● | A subsidiary is a “majority-owned subsidiary” if the parent owns at least 50% of the voting securities of the subsidiary; |
| ● | A parent is deemed to “control” a subsidiary if it has the power to exercise a controlling influence of the management or policies of the subsidiary; and |
| ● | A parent is deemed to “control primarily” a subsidiary if (1) it has the power to exercise a controlling influence of the management or policies of the subsidiary, and (2) this power is greater than the power of any other person. |
In all or almost all cases where the Company owns real estate indirectly, through a limited liability company or another entity (i) the Company will have the power to exercise a controlling influence of the management or policies of the limited liability company or other entity, and (ii) this power will be greater than the power of any other person. Hence, the Company should be deemed to “control primarily” the entity and, as a result, neither the asset nor the income of such entity should be taken into account in determining whether the Company exceeds the 45% limits provided in 17 CFR §270.3a-1.
This being the case, the Company expects to satisfy the requirements of 17 CFR §270.3a-1 and, consequently, to be exempted from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act.
Section 5.7 of the LLC Agreement requires the Manager to use commercially reasonable efforts to satisfy the requirements of 17 CFR §270.3a-1 and ensure that the Company is not treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of the 1940 Act.
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SUMMARY OF OUR LLC AGREEMENT AND AUTHORIZING RESOLUTION
The Company as a whole is governed by an agreement captioned “Limited Liability Company Agreement” dated August 20, 2020. We refer to this as the “LLC Agreement.”
The Class A Investor Shares being offered in this Offering were created when the Manager adopted a resolution pursuant to section 3.2 of the LLC Agreement. We refer to this as the “Authorizing Resolution.”
The following summarizes some of the key provisions of the LLC Agreement and the Authorizing Resolution. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the LLC Agreement itself, which is included as Exhibit 1A-2B, and by the Authorizing Resolution itself, which is included as Exhibit 1A-2C.
The Company was formed in Delaware on August 20, 2020 pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act.
Under the LLC Agreement, ownership interests in the Company are referred to as “Shares,” while the owners are referred to as “Members.”
Immediately before this Offering, the only owner of the Company was the Sponsor. Investors who buy Class A Investor Shares in the Offering will become owners, and the Company might admit other owners in the future.
The interests in the Company are denominated by 20,000,000 “Shares,” consisting of 1,000,000 “Common Shares” and 19,000,000 “Investor Shares.” The Manager may further divide the 19,000,000 Investor Shares into one or more classes, by adopting one or more authorizing resolutions. Anyone owning Investor Shares is referred to in the LLC Agreement as an “Investor Member.”
The Manager adopted the Authorizing Resolution to create the Class A Investor Shares. Any Investor who buys Class A Investor Shares in the Offering will be an “Investor Member” under the LLC Agreement.
All of the Common Shares of the Company are owned by DiversyFund, Inc., an affiliate of the Manager, which we refer to as the “Sponsor.” The Class A Investor Shares will be owned by Investors, and are the subject of this Offering. By adopting other authorizing resolutions, the Manager may create, offer, and sell other classes of Investor Shares in the future, which could have rights superior to the rights of the Class A Investor Shares.
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The Manager has complete discretion over all aspects of the business conducted by the Company. For example, the Manager may (i) admit new members to the Company; (ii) enter into contracts on behalf of the Company; (iii) borrow money; (iv) acquire and dispose of assets; (v) determine the timing and amount of distributions to Members; (vi) create new classes of limited liability company interests; (vii) determine the information to be provided to the Members; (viii) grant liens and other encumbrances on the assets of the Company; (ix) and dissolve the Company.
Investors who purchase Class A Investor Shares will not have any right to vote on any issue other than certain amendments to the LLC Agreement, or to remove the Manager.
Certain terms of the services to be provided by the Manager, as well as the compensation to be paid to the Manager by the Company, are set forth in the Management Services Agreement between the Company and the Manager dated August 20, 2020, which we refer to as the “Management Agreement.” The principal terms of the Management Agreement are summarized in “Summary of Management Agreement” starting on page 57, while a copy of the Management Agreement is attached as Exhibit 1A-6B.
The Manager can only be removed for “cause” under a procedure set forth in section 5.6 of the LLC Agreement.
The term “cause” includes:
| ● | An uncured breach of the LLC Agreement or the Management Agreement by the Manager; or |
| ● | The bankruptcy of the Manager; or |
| ● | Certain misconduct on the part of the Manager, if the individual responsible for the misconduct is not terminated. |
A vote to remove the Manager for cause must be approved by Investor Members owning at least 75% of the outstanding Investor Shares. Whether “cause” exists would then be decided in arbitration proceedings conducted under the rules of the American Arbitration Association.
Exculpation and Indemnification of Manager
The LLC Agreement protects the Manager, its affiliates, their members, managers, officers, employees, and agents, and the officers, employees, and agents of the Company from lawsuits brought by Investors or other parties. For example, it provides that such persons will not be responsible to Investors or the Company for mistakes, errors in judgment, or other acts or omissions (failures to act) as long as the act or omission was not the result of fraud or willful misconduct by such persons. This limitation of liability is referred to as “exculpation.” The LLC Agreement also provides that these persons do not owe any fiduciary duties to the Company or its owners.
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The LLC Agreement also requires the Company to indemnify (reimburse) the directors, officers and employees of the Company and their affiliates from losses, liabilities, and expenses they incur in performing their duties, provided that they (i) acted in good faith and in a manner believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, and (ii) the challenged conduct did not constitute fraud or willful misconduct, in either case as determined by a final, nonappealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. For example, if a third party sued the Manager on a matter related to the Company’s business, the Company would be required to indemnify the Manager for any losses or expenses it incurs in connection with the lawsuit, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, etc. However, this indemnification is not available where a court or other juridical or governmental body determines that the person to be indemnified is not entitled to indemnification under the standard described in the preceding sentence.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no exculpation or indemnification is permitted to the extent such exculpation or indemnification would be inconsistent with the requirements of federal or state securities laws or other applicable law.
The detailed rules for exculpation and indemnification are set forth in section 6 of the LLC Agreement.
Obligation to Contribute Capital
Once an Investor pays for his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares, he, she, or it will not be required to make any further contributions to the Company. However, if an Investor has wrongfully received a distribution he, she, or it might have to pay it back.
No Investor will be personally liable for any of the debts or obligations of the Company.
The manner in which the Company will distribute its available cash is described in “Securities Being Offered – Distributions.”
Transfers and First Right of Refusal
In general, Investors may freely transfer their Class A Investor Shares. However, the Manager may prohibit a transfer that the Manager determines would jeopardize the status of the Company as a REIT.
If an Investor wants to sell Class A Investor Shares, the Investor must first offer the Class A Investor Shares to the Manager.
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If an Investor who is a human being (as opposed to an Investor that is a legal entity) should die or become incapacitated, the Investor or his, her or its successors will continue to own the Investor’s Class A Investor Shares.
Fees to Manager and Affiliates
The Company will pay certain management fees and other fees to the Manager, as summarized in “Compensation of Management.”
The Manager may cause the Company to redeem (purchase) the Class A Investor Shares owned by an Investor in some circumstances (in effect kicking the Investor out of the deal) as described in “Securities Being Offering – Mandatory Redemptions.”
If the Manager wants to sell the business conducted by the Company, it may affect the transaction as a sale of the assets owned by the Company or as a sale of all the Interests in the Company. In the latter case, Investors will be required to sell their Class A Investor Shares as directed by the Manager, receiving the same amount they would have received had the transaction been structured as a sale of assets.
Investors will not have any right to cause the Company to redeem (buy back) their Class A Investor Shares.
All documents, including all tax-related documents, will be transmitted by the Company to Investors via electronic delivery.
The Manager may amend the LLC Agreement unilaterally (that is, without the consent of anyone else) for a variety of purposes, including to:
| ● | Cure ambiguities or inconsistencies in the LLC Agreement; |
| ● | Add to its own obligations or responsibilities; |
| ● | Change the name of the Company; |
| ● | Ensure that the Company (including the Company) satisfies applicable laws, including tax and securities laws; and |
| ● | Ensure that the Company is eligible to be treated as a REIT. |
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An amendment that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, an adverse effect on Investors, requires the consent of the Manager and Investors holding a majority of the Class A Investor Shares.
An amendment that would require an Investor to make additional capital contributions or impose personal liability on an Investor requires the consent of the Manager and each affected Investor.
Within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, we will provide Investors with (i) a statement showing in reasonable detail the computation of the distributions made by the Company, (ii) audited financial statements of the Company, (iii) a statement of the income and expenses of the Company, and (iv) a description of the Company’s investments, and a valuation of the investments performed in good faith by the Manager.
In addition, each year the Company will provide Investors with a detailed statement showing:
| ● | The fees paid to the Manager and its affiliates; and |
| ● | Any transactions between the Company and the Manager or its affiliates. |
In each case, the detailed statement will describe the services performed and the amount of compensation paid.
Within 60 days after the end of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year, we will also provide to Investors a report containing, among other items, an overview of the Company’s investments, unaudited financial statements, a summary of the distributions made during the quarter, and a statement of such Investor’s capital account.
As a “tier 2” issuer under Regulation A, the Company may also be required to provide investors with additional information on an ongoing basis, including annual audited financial statements, annual reports filed on SEC Form 1-K, semiannual reports filed on SEC Form 1-SA, special financial reports filed on SEC Form 1-K, and current reports on SEC Form 1-U. If, however, our Class A Investor Shares are held “of record” by fewer than 300 persons, these reporting obligations could be terminated.
A Member’s right to see additional information or inspect the books and records of the Company is limited by the LLC Agreement.
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Summary of Management Agreement
DF Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is designated as the “manager” of the Company under the LLC Agreement. Under section 5.2 of the LLC Agreement, the Manager has:
[F]ull and complete authority, power and discretion to manage and control the business, affairs and properties of the Company, to make all decisions regarding those matters, to execute any contracts or other instruments on behalf of the Company, and to perform any and all other acts or activities customary or incidental to the management of the Company’s business.
The Company and the Manager entered into a contract called a “Management Services Agreement” dated August 20, 2020, which we refer to as the “Management Agreement.” The Management Agreement describes at length and in detail many of the duties of the Manager, and also describes the Manager’s compensation. However, the list of the Manager’s duties and authority in the Management Agreement is not exclusive. Under the broad grant of authority in the LLC Agreement, the Manager could have duties and authority not listed in the Management Agreement.
The Management Agreement is included as Exhibit 1A-6B.
The duties of the Manager include managing our investments, raising money, accounting and administrative services, and managing investor relations. Some of the specific duties of the Manager are:
| ● | Conducting this Offering |
| ● | Establishing investment guidelines, policies, and procedures |
| ● | Overseeing and conducting due diligence |
| ● | Arranging for financing from banks and other financial institutions |
| ● | Reviewing joint venture opportunities |
| ● | Keeping and maintaining the books and records of the Company |
| ● | Managing the Company’s portfolio of assets |
| ● | Managing the administrative and back-office functions of the Company |
| ● | Collecting, maintaining, and distributing information |
| ● | Determining the improvements to be made to properties owned by the Company |
| ● | Maintaining appropriate technology systems |
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| ● | Making, changing, and revoking tax elections including making an election be treated as a REIT and to be treated as a corporation for tax purposes |
| ● | Complying with SEC requirements |
| ● | Managing distributions and payments to Investors |
| ● | Handling redemption requests from Investors |
| ● | Engaging property managers, contractors, attorneys, accountants, and other third parties |
| ● | Entering into contracts and other agreement |
The compensation of the Manager is described in “Compensation of Management.”
The Management Agreement will remain in effect for as long as the Manager is the manager of the Company under the LLC Agreement.
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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following summarizes some of the Federal income tax consequences of the Company and Investors. This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“Regulations”), and administrative rulings and court decisions, all as they exist today. The tax laws, and therefore the Federal income tax consequences of acquiring Class A Investor Shares, could change in the future.
This is only a summary, applicable to a generic Investor. Your personal situation could differ. We encourage you to consult with your own tax advisor before investing.
Federal Income Taxation of the Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a “real estate investment trust,” or “REIT,” beginning with our first taxable year.
Assuming that we qualify as a REIT, the Company itself will generally not be subject to federal income taxes on net income that is currently distributed to shareholders. The Company will, however, be subject to federal income tax as follows:
| ● | We will be taxed at regular corporate tax rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. |
| ● | A REIT may generally be subject to the “alternative minimum tax.” |
| ● | If we have (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (ii) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such income. |
| ● | If the Company has net income from “prohibited transactions” (which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business other than foreclosure property), such income will be subject to a tax of 100% of the net income from such prohibited transactions. |
| ● | If we are able to maintain our qualification as a REIT despite any failure to satisfy either the 75% or 95% income test (discussed below), we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which the Company fails the 75% or 95% of income test multiplied by (b) a specified fraction. |
| ● | If we maintain our qualification as a REIT, despite any failure to satisfy the REIT asset tests (discussed below), then we will have to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest marginal corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the qualifying assets. |
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| ● | A REIT will be subject to a 4.0% excise tax if it fails to make certain minimum distributions each calendar year. |
| ● | A 35% tax will be imposed on the excess inclusions allocable to disqualified entities that hold interests in the REIT. |
| ● | If a REIT acquires any asset from a C corporation (i.e., generally a corporation subject to full corporate-level tax) in a carryover basis transaction (or if a REIT such as the Company holds assets beginning on the first day of the first taxable year for which the Company qualifies as a REIT) and the REIT subsequently recognizes gain on the disposition of such asset during the 10-year period (the Recognition Period) beginning on the date on which the asset was acquired by the REIT (or the REIT first qualified as a REIT), then the excess of: (a) the fair market value of the assets as of the beginning of the applicable Recognition Period, over (b) the REIT’s adjusted basis in such assets as of the beginning of such Recognition Period will be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate, pursuant to guidelines issued by the Service (the Built-In Gain Rules). |
| ● | A REIT will be subject to a tax equal to 100% of re-determined rents, re-determined deductions, and excess interest between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiary. |
| ● | A REIT will be subject to the personal holding company tax, if the REIT qualifies as a personal holding company and has undistributed personal holding company income. |
If we failed to satisfy one or more of the technical requirements described below, we might nevertheless be entitled to be treated as a REIT under certain “relief” provisions. Otherwise, we would be subject to tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, with no deduction allowed for distributions to shareholders. The resulting corporate income tax liability would significantly reduce the cash available for distribution to Investors.
Requirements for Qualifying as a REIT
To qualify as a REIT, we must elect to be treated as a REIT and meet certain requirements related to our organization, income, assets and distributions. Each set of requirements is discussed in turn below.
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
| ● | Managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| ● | The beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial ownership; |
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| ● | Which (but for sections 856 through 859 of the Code) would be taxable as a domestic corporation; |
| ● | Which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company within the meaning of the applicable provisions of the Code; |
| ● | The beneficial ownership of which is held by at least 100 persons; |
| ● | During the last half of each taxable year, is not closely held, i.e., not more than 50% of the value of its outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for five or fewer “individuals,” as defined in the Code to include certain entities; |
| ● | Files an election or continues such election to be taxed as a REIT on its return for each taxable year; |
| ● | Uses the calendar year as its taxable year; and |
| ● | Meets other tests described below, including with respect to the nature of its assets and income and the amount of its distributions. |
To maintain qualification as a REIT, on an annual basis we must meet the following two gross income requirements:
| ● | At least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year must be derived from, among other things, rents from real property (with some exceptions), interest on obligations secured by mortgages, and certain gains on the sales of property. |
| ● | In addition to deriving 75% of our gross income from, among other things, the sources listed above, at least 95% of the REIT’s gross income for the taxable year must be derived from the above-described qualifying income, or from dividends, interest or gains from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not dealer property. |
To satisfy the gross income requirements any “rents from real property” received must meet the following conditions:
| ● | The amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person, but can be based on a fixed percentage of receipts or sales; |
| ● | The rent cannot be from a tenant of which we and our affiliates own 10% or more of (i) the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock, or total value of shares of all classes of stock, if a corporate tenant, or (ii) the interests in the assets or net profits of an entity, if not a corporate tenant; |
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| ● | The rent cannot be attributable to personal property unless it is leased in connection with real property and the rent attributable to such personal property is less than or equal to 15% of the total rent received for the taxable year attributable to both the real and personal property leased under such lease; and |
| ● | The rent cannot be attributable to services furnished or rendered in connection with the rental of real property, unless such services are customarily provided in connection with the rental of real property, whether or not such charges are separately stated. |
We do not anticipate deriving rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with real property that exceeds 15% of the total rent attributable to such lease.
We may provide certain services with respect to our properties. We believe that these services will only be of the type that are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space for occupancy and that are not otherwise rendered to the tenants. Therefore, we believe that the provision of such customary services will not cause rents received with respect to our properties to fail to qualify as “rents from real property.” Non-customary services and services rendered primarily for the tenants’ convenience will be provided by an independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary to avoid jeopardizing the qualification of rent as “rents from real property.”
Except for amounts received with respect to certain investments of cash reserves, we anticipate that substantially all of our gross income will be derived from sources that will allow us to satisfy the income tests described above; however, we can make no assurance in this regard.
At the close of each quarter of the taxable year, we must also satisfy the following four tests related to the nature and diversification of our assets:
| ● | At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash and cash items (including receivables) and government securities; |
| ● | No more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities (other than those securities includible in the 75% asset test); |
| ● | No more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries; and |
| ● | With the exception of taxable REIT subsidiaries and those securities includible under the 75% asset test, we may not own: |
| o | Securities of any one issuer whose value exceeds 5% of the value of our total assets; |
| o | More than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding voting securities; and |
| o | More than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. |
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Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, we must meet the following annual distribution requirements:
| ● | We must distribute (other than capital gain distributions) to our beneficiaries an amount at least equal to the sum of: (i) 90% of the REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and by excluding our net capital gain), and (ii) 90% of the net income, if any, from foreclosure property in excess of the excise tax on net income from foreclosure property, minus the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
| ● | We must distribute during each calendar year at least the combined sum of 85% of our ordinary income for that year; 95% of our capital gain net income for that year; and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. |
| ● | We may not dispose of any asset that is subject to the Built-In Gain Rules during the 10-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset. |
We expect that our REIT taxable income will be less than our cash flow due to the allowance of depreciation and other non-cash charges in computing REIT taxable income. Accordingly, we anticipate that we generally will have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement. It is possible, however, that we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the 90% distribution requirement or to distribute such greater amount as may be necessary to avoid income and excise tax. In such event, we may find it necessary to borrow funds to pay the required distribution or, if possible, pay taxable stock dividends in order to meet the distribution requirement.
How Income is Reported To Investors
Each Investor will receive a Form 1099 from the Company each year, and will transfer the information onto his, her, or its personal tax return. Investors will not receive a Form K-1 from the Company.
Distributions to Investors other than “capital gain dividends” will be treated as taxable dividends up to the amount of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our positive current or accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, up to an Investor’s tax “basis” in his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares, then as capital gain.
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Dividends that we declare in October, November, or December of any year payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in any such month are treated as both paid by us and received by Investors on December 31 of that year, provided that we actually pay the dividends during January of the following calendar year.
Dividends from the Company will not be treated as “qualifying dividends,” which are eligible for lower tax rates (generally the same tax rates that apply to long term capital gains).
“Capital gain dividends” will be reported as long-term capital gains on the tax returns of Investors (to the extent that they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year), without regard to how long an Investor has owned his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares.
Because the Company will be taxed as a corporation, and not as a partnership, Investors may not report on their own income tax returns any tax losses incurred by the Company.
Higher-income taxpayers are subject to an additional 3.8% tax on net “investment income.” Income Investors receive from the Company will be included as “investment income” for these purposes.
Tax on Sale of Class A Investor Shares
An Investor who sells Class A Investor Shares generally will realize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the selling price and his, her, or its adjusted tax “basis” in the Class A Investor Shares. If the Investor has owned the Class A Investor Shares for at least one year, any gain would generally be treated as long term capital gain.
Taxable distributions from the Company will not be treated as “passive activity income” under Code section 469 and may not be offset against losses from passive activities.
We might be required to withhold federal income tax from distributions under certain circumstances, e.g., where an Investor has failed to provide us with a valid taxpayer identification number.
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Each Investor must either report Company items on his tax return consistent with the treatment on the information return of the Company or file a statement with his tax return identifying and explaining the inconsistency. Otherwise the IRS may treat such inconsistency as a computational error and re-compute and assess the tax without the usual procedural protections applicable to federal income tax deficiency proceedings.
The Manager will serve as the “tax matters partner” of the Company and will generally control all proceedings with the IRS.
The Code imposes interest and a variety of potential penalties on underpayments of tax.
The foregoing discussion addresses only selected issues involving Federal income taxes, and does not address the impact of other taxes on an investment in the Company, including Federal estate, gift, or generation-skipping taxes, or State and local income or inheritance taxes. Prospective Investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to such matters.
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Neither the Company itself, the Manager, the Sponsor, or any of their respective employees, officers, directors, managers, or members is currently engaged in any material legal proceedings, except as provided in “Our Management Team – Legal Proceedings.”
Neither the Company itself, the Manager, the Sponsor, or any of their respective employees, officers, directors, managers, or members is, to the knowledge of the Company, currently the subject of any investigation or proceedings by any governmental authorities.
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Before the Offering is qualified by the SEC, we might engage in what is commonly referred to as “testing the waters” under 17 CFR §230.255. For example, we might ask for expressions of interest via the Site.
In accordance with the SEC’s rules, all of our communications with potential investors will:
| ● | State that no money or other consideration is being solicited, and if sent in response, will not be accepted; |
| ● | State that no offer to buy the securities can be accepted and no part of the purchase price can be received until the offering statement is qualified, and any such offer may be withdrawn or revoked, without obligation or commitment of any kind, at any time before notice of its acceptance given after the qualification date; |
| ● | State that a person’s indication of interest involves no obligation or commitment of any kind; and |
| ● | Either: |
| o | State from whom a copy of the most recent version of the Preliminary Offering Circular may be obtained, including a phone number and address of such person; |
| o | Provide the URL where such Preliminary Offering Circular, or the offering statement in which such Preliminary Offering Circular was filed, may be obtained; or |
| o | Include a complete copy of the Preliminary Offering Circular. |
A copy of any such communications will be filed with the SEC.
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The Company was created on August 20, 2020. The Company has not conducted any business and therefore has no operating results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company is seeking to raise up to $50,000,000 of capital in this Offering by selling Class A Investor Shares to Investors.
The Company does not currently have any capital commitments. We expect to deploy almost all of the capital we raise in the Offering in making real estate investments, as described in “Use of Proceeds” on page 49. Should we need more capital for any reason, we could either sell more Class A Investor Shares or sell other classes of securities. In selling Class A Investor Shares or other securities, we might be constrained by the securities laws. For example, we are not allowed to sell more than $50,000,000 of securities using Regulation A during any period of 12 months.
Having raised capital in the Offering, the Company will operate in the manner described in “Our Company and Business.”
Whether we raise $50,000,000 in the Offering or something less, we believe the proceeds of the Offering will satisfy our cash requirements. If we raise less than $50,000,000, we will simply make fewer investments. Although we might decide to raise more capital, we know of no reason why we would need to.
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[To be inserted.]
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|
1940 Act |
The Investment Company Act of 1940. |
| ADA | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. |
| Class A Investor Shares | The limited liability company interests in the Company that are being offered to the public in the Offering. |
| Common Shares | The limited liability company interests in the Company owned by the Sponsor. |
| Code | The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (i.e., the Federal tax code). |
| Company | DF Growth REIT II LLC, a limited liability company formed under the laws of Delaware. |
| Growth REIT I | DF Growth REIT LLC, an affiliate of the Sponsor that has offered and sold securities under Regulation A. |
| Investor | Anyone who purchases Class A Investor Shares in the Offering. |
| Management Agreement | The agreement captioned “Management Services Agreement” dated August 20, 2020 by and between the Company and the Manager. |
| Manager | DF Manager, LLC. |
| Members | The owners of the Company. Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, the owners of a limited liability company are referred to as “members.” |
| Offering | The offering of Class A Investor Shares to the public pursuant to this Offering Circular. |
| Offering Circular | The Offering Circular you are reading right now, which includes information about the Company, the Company, and the Offering. |
| LLC Agreement | The agreement by and among the Company and all of its members captioned “Limited Liability Company Agreement” and dated August 20, 2020. |
| Project Entity | A limited partnership, limited liability company, or other legal entity formed to own a real estate project. |
| Promoted Interest | The economic right of the Sponsor to share in the profits of the Company, over and above its rights as an Investor. |
| Regulations | Regulations issued under the Code by the Internal Revenue Service. |
| Regulation D Program | An offering conducted by the Sponsor or one of its affiliates that involved raising money from investors under Regulation D (17 CFR §230.500 et seq) and investing in real estate. |
| REIT | Real Estate Investment Trust, as defined in section 856 of the Code. |
| Shares | The limited liability company interests in the Company, which are divided into two classes: Common Shares and Investor Shares. |
| Site | The Internet site located at www.DiversyFund.com. |
| Sponsor | DiversyFund, Inc. |
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FORM 1-A
Regulation A Offering Statement
Part III – Exhibits
DF Growth REIT, LLC
750 B Street
Suite 1930
San Diego, CA. 92101
(858) 430-8528
www.DiversyFund.com
December 3, 2020
The following Exhibits are filed as part of this Offering Statement:
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Regulation A, the issuer certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 1-A and has duly caused this offering statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, on December 23, 2020.
| DF Growth REIT II, LLC | ||
| By: | DF Manager, LLC, as Manager | |
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc., as Manager | |
| By | /s/ Craig Cecilio | |
| Craig Cecilio, Chief Executive Officer | ||
This offering statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis | |
| Director and Chief Investment Officer of DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| December 23, 2020 | |
| /s/ Craig Cecilio | |
| Craig Cecilio | |
| Director and Chief Executive Officer of DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| December 23, 2020 | |
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Exhibit 1A-2A
Df Growth reit ii llc
CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION
Pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del.C.Sec. 18-101, et seq.), the undersigned, being authorized to executed and file this Certificate of Formation, hereby certifies that:
1. Name. The name of the limited liability company is:
DF Growth REIT II LLC
2. Registered Agent. name and registered agent of the limited liability company required to be maintained by Section 18-104 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act is:
Delaware Registered Agents & Incorporators, LLC
3. Registered Office. The address of the registered office of the limited liability company is:
19 Kris Court, Newark, DE 19702
4. Purpose. The limited liability company may engage in any lawful business.
5. Term. The limited liability company shall have perpetual existence.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being over the age of 18 years, has executed this Certificate of Formation on August 6, 2020.
| /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Authorized Person |
4836-8786-1703, v. 1
| State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 04:09 PM 08/06/2020 FILED 04:09 PM 08/06/2020 SR 20206620422 - File Number 3394040 |
Exhibit 1A-2B
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
This is an Agreement, entered into effective on August 20, 2020, by and among DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), DF Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Diversy Manager”), DiversyFund, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Sponsor”), and the persons admitted to the Company as members by the Manager following the date of this Agreement (“Investor Members”). The Sponsor and the Investor Members are sometimes referred to as “Members” in this Agreement.
Background
I. The Company was formed on August 20, 2020.
II. The Company intends to elect to be treated as a corporation for Federal and State tax purposes.
III. The Company intends to elect to be treated as a “real estate investment trust” (a “REIT”) for Federal and State tax purposes.
IV. The Members own all of the limited liability company interests of the Company and wish to set forth their understandings concerning the ownership and operation of the Company in this Agreement, which they intend to be the “limited liability company agreement” of the Company within the meaning of 6 Del. C. §18-101(7).
NOW, THEREFORE, acknowledging the receipt of adequate consideration and intending to be legally bound, the parties agree as follows:
1. ARTICLE ONE: CONTINUATION OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
1.1. Continuation of Limited Liability Company. The Company has been formed in accordance with and pursuant to the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (the “Act”) for the purpose set for the below. The rights and obligations of the Members to one another and to third parties shall be governed by the Act except that, in accordance with 6 Del. C. 18-1101(b), conflicts between provisions of the Act and provisions in this Agreement shall be resolved in favor of the provisions in this Agreement except where the provisions of the Act may not be varied by contract as a matter of law.
1.2. Name. The name of the Company shall be “DF Growth REIT II, LLC” and all of its business shall be conducted under that name or such other name(s) as may be designated by the Manager.
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1.3. Purpose. The purpose of the Company shall be to invest in real estate projects, as described more fully in the Offering Circular of the Company qualified by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Offering Circular”), and engage in any other business in which limited liability companies may legally engage under the Act. In carrying on its business, the Company may enter into contracts, incur indebtedness, sell, lease, or encumber any or all of its property, engage the services of others, enter into joint ventures, and take any other actions the Manager deems advisable.
1.4. Time Limit. The Company shall not make any investments in new projects after December 31, 2025, but may invest additional amounts in existing projects.
1.5. Fiscal Year. The fiscal and taxable year of the Company shall be the calendar year, or such other period as the Manager determines.
2. ARTICLE TWO: CONTRIBUTIONS AND LOANS
2.1. Initial Contributions. The Manager has not contributed any capital to the Company. Each Investor Member will contribute to the capital of the Company the amount specified in his, her, or its Investment Agreement. The capital contributions of Members are referred to in this Agreement as “Capital Contributions.”
2.2. Other Required Contributions. No Member shall be obligated to contribute any capital to the Company beyond the Capital Contributions described in section 2.1. Without limitation, no such Member shall, upon dissolution of the Company or otherwise, be required to restore any deficit in such Member’s capital account.
2.3. Loans.
2.3.1. In General. The Manager or its affiliates may, but shall not be required to, lend money to the Company in the Manager’s sole discretion. No other Member may lend money to the Company without the prior written consent of the Manager. Subject to applicable state laws regarding maximum allowable rates of interest, loans made by any Member to the Company (“Member Loans”) shall bear interest at the higher of (i) the prime rate of interest designated in the Wall Street Journal on any date within ten (10) days of the date of the loan, plus four (4) percentage points; or (ii) the minimum rate necessary to avoid “imputed interest” under section 7872 or other applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Such loans shall be payable on demand and shall be evidenced by one or more promissory notes.
2.3.2. Repayment of Loans. After payment of (i) current and past-due debt service on liabilities of the Company other than Member Loans, and (ii) all operating expenses of the Company, the Company shall pay the current and past-due debt service on any outstanding Member Loans before distributing any amount to any Member pursuant to Article Four. Such loans shall be repaid pro rata, paying all past-due interest first, then all past-due principal, then all current interest, and then all current principal.
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2.4. Other Provisions on Capital Contributions. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or by law:
2.4.1. No Member shall be required to contribute any additional capital to the Company;
2.4.2. No Member may withdraw any part of his, her, or its capital from the Company;
2.4.3. No Member shall be required to make any loans to the Company;
2.4.4. Loans by a Member to the Company shall not be considered a contribution of capital, shall not increase the capital account of the lending Member, and shall not result in the adjustment of the number of Shares owned by a Member, and the repayment of such loans by the Company shall not decrease the capital accounts of the Members making the loans;
2.4.5. No interest shall be paid on any initial or additional capital contributed to the Company by any Member;
2.4.6. Under any circumstance requiring a return of all or any portion of a capital contribution, no Member shall have the right to receive property other than cash; and
2.4.7. No Member shall be liable to any other Member for the return of his, her, or its capital.
2.5. No Third Party Beneficiaries. Any obligation or right of the Members to contribute capital under the terms of this Agreement does not confer any rights or benefits to or upon any person who is not a party to this Agreement.
3. ARTICLE THREE: SHARES AND CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
3.1. Limited Liability Company Interests. The limited liability company interests of the Company shall be denominated by Twenty Million (20,000,000) “Shares,” consisting of One Million (1,000,000) “Common Shares” and Nineteen Million (19,000,000) “Investor Shares.” The Sponsor owns all of the Common Shares.
3.2. Classes of Investor Shares. The Manager may divide the Investor Shares into one or more classes. The number of Shares of each such class of Investor Shares, and the rights and preferences of each such class, shall be as set forth in the resolution or resolutions of the Manager creating such class, referencing this section 3.2 (each, an “Authorizing Resolution”). Without limitation, the Manager may establish, with respect to each class of Investor Shares, its voting powers, conversion rights or obligations, redemption rights or obligations, preferences as to distributions, and other matters. The Authorizing Resolution providing for issuance of any class of Investor Shares may provide that such class shall be superior or rank equally or be junior to the Investor Shares of any other class except to the extent prohibited by the terms of the Authorizing Resolution establishing another class.
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3.3. Share Splits and Consolidations. The Manager may at any time increase or decrease the authorized and/or outstanding number of Shares of any class or series, including Common Shares, provided that any increase or decrease in the number of Shares outstanding shall be made pro rata with respect to all Members owning the outstanding Shares of such class or series. The Manager shall promptly notify all of the Members of any such transaction.
3.4. Certificates. The Shares of the Company shall not be evidenced by written certificates unless the Manager determines otherwise. If the Manager determines to issues certificates representing Shares, the certificates shall be subject to such rules and restrictions as the Manager may determine.
3.5. Registry of Shares. The Company shall keep or cause to be kept on behalf of the Company a register of the Members of the Company. The Company may, but shall not be required to, appoint a transfer agent registered with the Securities and Exchange as such.
3.6. REIT Considerations. The Manager may accept or reject subscriptions to acquire Shares for any reason, in the sole discretion of the Manager. Without limiting the preceding sentence, the Manager may reject a subscription to acquire Shares if the Manager determines that accepting the subscription could jeopardize the Company’s qualification as a REIT.
3.7. Capital Accounts. A capital account shall be established and maintained for each Member. Each Member’s capital account shall initially be credited with the amount of his, her, or its Capital Contribution. Thereafter, the capital account of a Member shall be increased by the amount of any additional contributions of the Member and the amount of income or gain allocated to the Member, and decreased by the amount of any distributions to the Member and the amount of loss or deduction allocated to the Member, including expenditures of the Company described in section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code. Unless otherwise specifically provided herein, the capital accounts of the Members shall be adjusted and maintained in accordance with Code section 704 and the regulations thereunder.
4. ARTICLE FOUR: DISTRIBUTIONS
4.1. In General. The Manager may, in its sole discretion, make and pay distributions of cash or other assets of the Company to the Members.
4.2. Special Rules Governing Distributions. At any time when Investor Shares are outstanding, distributions shall be made in accordance with the terms of the Authorizing Resolution(s) authorizing such Investor Shares. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement or in an Authorizing Resolution establishing a class of Investor Shares (i) any distributions of the Company not expressly payable to the holders of a class of Investor Shares shall be payable to the holders of the Common Shares, (ii) any distributions made to the holders of any class of Investor Shares as a group shall be divided pro rata among such holders based on their respective ownership of the Shares of such class, and (iii) no Member shall have any right to distributions except as may be authorized by the Manager.
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4.3. Items Taken into Account. In determining the amount and timing of distributions, the Manager may take into account the following items of income and expense, among others:
4.3.1. The net rental income from properties owned by the Company;
4.3.2. The net proceeds from the sale or refinancing of property;
4.3.3. Cash distributions from, and capital contributions to, entities in which the Company owns an interest;
4.3.4. Debt service on indebtedness of the Company;
4.3.5. Capital expenditures of the Company;
4.3.6. Amounts added to and released from reserve accounts established by the Manager in its sole discretion;
4.3.7. Fees paid to the Manager and its affiliates;
4.3.8. Fees paid to third parties; and
4.3.9. All of the other operating expenses of the Company.
4.4. REIT Distributions. During any period while the Company has in effect an election to be treated as a REIT, the Company shall make at least the minimum distributions required to maintain such election in effect.
4.5. Tax Withholding. To the extent the Company is required to pay over any amount to any federal, state, local or foreign governmental authority with respect to distributions or allocations to any Member, the amount withheld shall be deemed to be a distribution in the amount of the withholding to that Member. If the amount paid over was not withheld from an actual distribution (i) the Company shall be entitled to withhold such amounts from subsequent distributions, and (ii) if no such subsequent distributions are anticipated for six (6) months, the Member shall , at the request of the Company, promptly reimburse the Company for the amount paid over.
4.6. Manner of Distribution. All distributions to the Members will be made as Automated Clearing House (ACH) deposits into an account designated by each Member. If a Member does not authorize the Company to make such ACH distributions into a designated Member account, distributions to such Member will be made by check and mailed to such Member after deduction by the Company from each check of a Fifty Dollar ($50) processing fee.
4.7. Other Rules Governing Distributions. No distribution prohibited by 6 Del. C. §18-607 or not specifically authorized under this Agreement shall be made by the Company to any Member in his or its capacity as a Member. A Member who receives a distribution prohibited by 6 Del. C. §18-607 shall be liable as provided therein.
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5. ARTICLE FIVE: MANAGEMENT
5.1. Management by Manager.
5.1.1. In General. The business and affairs of the Company shall be directed, managed, and controlled by a single manager (the “Manager”). Diversy Manager shall serve as the Manager of the Company.
5.1.2. Powers of Manager; Management Agreement. The Manager shall have full and complete authority, power and discretion to manage and control the business, affairs and properties of the Company, to make all decisions regarding those matters, to execute any contracts or other instruments on behalf of the Company, and to perform any and all other acts or activities customary or incidental to the management of the Company’s business. The Company and the Manager have entered into an agreement captioned “Management Services Agreement” and dated August 20, 2020 (the “Management Agreement”). The Management Agreement describes certain services to be provided by the Manager to the Company, but shall not be construed to limit the authority of the Manager under this Agreement.
5.1.3. REIT Compliance. Without limiting the generality of section 5.1.2, the Manager shall be deemed to have the authority of a “trustee or director” under section 856(a)(1) of the Code and Treas. Reg. §1.856-1(b)(1).
5.1.4. Examples of Manager’s Authority. Without limiting the grant of authority set forth in section 5.1.2, the Manager shall have the power to (i) create classes of Investor Shares with such terms and conditions as the Manager may determine in its sole discretion; (ii) issue Shares to any person for such consideration as the Manager maybe determine in its sole discretion, and admit such persons to the Company as Investor Members; (iii) engage the services of third parties to perform services on behalf of the Company; (iv) enter into one or more joint ventures; (v) purchase, lease, sell, or otherwise dispose of real estate and other assets, in the ordinary course of business or otherwise; (vi) enter into leases and any other contracts of any kind; (vii) incur indebtedness on behalf of the Company, whether to banks or other lenders; (viii) determine the amount of the Company’s Available Cash and the timing and amount of distributions to Members; (ix) determine the information to be provided to the Members; (x) grant mortgage, liens, and other encumbrances on the Company’s assets; (xi) make all elections under the Code and the provisions of State and local tax laws, including but not limited the election to be treated as a real estate investment trust; (xii) file and settle lawsuits on behalf of the Company; (xiii) file a petition in bankruptcy; (xiv) discontinue the business of the Company; and (xv) dissolve the Company.
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5.1.5. Restrictions on Members. Except as expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement, Members who are not also the Manager shall not be entitled to participate in the management or control of the Company, nor shall any such Member hold himself out as having such authority. Unless authorized to do so by the Manager, no attorney-in-fact, employee or other agent of the Company shall have any power or authority to bind the Company in any way, to pledge its credit or to render it liable pecuniarily for any purpose. No Member shall have any power or authority to bind the Company unless the Member has been authorized by the Manager in writing to act as an agent of the Company in accordance with the previous sentence.
5.1.6. Authorizing Resolutions. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section 5.1, an Authorizing Resolution may limit the authority of the Manager and/or confer voting rights on Investor Members.
5.1.7. Reliance by Third Parties. Anyone dealing with the Company shall be entitled to assume that the Manager and any officer authorized by the Manager to act on behalf of and in the name of the Company has full power and authority to encumber, sell or otherwise use in any manner any and all assets of the Company and to enter into any contracts on behalf of the Company, and shall be entitled to deal with the Manager or any officer as if it were the Company’s sole party in interest, both legally and beneficially. No Member shall assert, vis-à-vis a third party, that such third party should not have relied on the apparent authority of the Manager or any officer authorized by the Manager to act on behalf of and in the name of the Company, nor shall anyone dealing with the Manager or any of its officers or representatives be obligated to investigate the authority of such person in a given instance.
5.2. Standard of Care. The Manager shall conduct the Company’s business using its business judgment.
5.3. Time Commitment. The Manager shall devote such time to the business and affairs of the Company as the Manager may determine in its sole and absolute discretion.
5.4. Reimbursement of Formation Expenses. The Company shall reimburse the Manager and its affiliates, without interest, for the actual out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection with the formation of the Company and the Manager, the offering of Investor Shares, and the admission of investors in the Company, including, without limitation, travel, legal, accounting, filing, advertising, and all other expenses incurred in connection with the offer and sale of interests in the Company.
5.5. Compensation of Manager and its Affiliates. The Manager and its affiliates shall be entitled to the compensation described in the Offering Circular.
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5.6. Removal of Manager.
5.6.1. In General. The Manager may be removed by the affirmative vote of Investor Members holding seventy five percent (75%) of the total number of Investor Shares then issued and outstanding (a “Super Majority Vote”), but only if the Investor Members have “cause” to remove the Manager, as defined in section 5.6.3 and follow the procedure set forth in section 5.6.2.
5.6.2. Procedure.
(a) Notice and Response. An Investor Member who wishes to remove the Manager and believes there is “cause” for doing so within the meaning of section 5.6.3 shall notify the Manager, referencing this section 5.6 and setting forth in detail the reasons for his, her, or its belief. Within thirty (30) days after receiving such a notice, the Manager shall respond by acknowledging the receipt of the notice and (i) stating that the Manager does not believe there is merit in the Investor Member’s allegations, (ii) explaining why the Manager does not believe “cause” exists for removal, or (iii) stating that while “cause” may exist for removal, the Manager does not believe removal would be in the best interest in the Fund. If the Manager fails to respond, the Manager shall be deemed to have stated that it does not believe there is merit in the Investor Member’s allegations. In the event the Investor Member communicates with any third party concerning his request for removal, including any other Investor Member but not including his, her, or its own legal counsel, he, she, or it shall include a copy of the Manager’s response. The failure of the Manager to include in its response any defense, facts, or arguments shall not preclude the Manager from including such defense, facts, or arguments in subsequent communications or proceedings.
(b) Vote. After following the procedure described in section 5.6.2(a), Investor Members owning at least twenty five percent (25%) of the Investor Shares then issued and outstanding (the “Dissident Members”) may call for a vote of the Investor Members. The Manager and a single representative chosen by the Dissident Members shall cooperate in sending to all Investor Members a package of materials bearing on whether “cause” exists under section 5.6.3 and whether it is in the best interest of the Company to remove the Manager, and a vote shall be taken by electronic means, with responses due within thirty (30) days. The failure of the Manager or the Dissident Members to include in this package any defense, facts, or arguments shall not preclude them from including such defense, facts, or arguments in subsequent communications or proceedings.
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(c) Arbitration. In the event of a Super Majority Vote to remove the Manager within the thirty (30) day period described in section 5.6.2(b), then the question as to whether “cause” exists to remove the Manager shall be referred to a single arbitrator in arbitration proceedings held in Wilmington, Delaware in conformance with the then-current rules and procedures of the American Arbitration Association. The removal of the Manager shall not become effective until the arbitrator determines that “cause” exists; the decision of the arbitrator shall be binding and non-appealable. In the event there is no Super Majority Vote to remove the Manager within the thirty (30) day period described in section 5.6.2(b), then the Manager shall not be removed and no subsequent proceeding to remove the Manager shall be held with respect to substantially similar grounds.
5.6.3. Cause Defined. For purposes of this section 5.6, “cause” shall be deemed to exist if any only if:
(a) Uncured Breach. The Manager breaches any material provision of this Agreement or the Management Agreement and the breach continues for more than (30) days after the Manager has received written notice, or, in the case of a breach that cannot be cured within thirty (30) days, the Manager fails to begin curing the breach within thirty (30) days or the breach remains uncured for ninety (90) days; or
(b) Bankruptcy. The Manager makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or is adjudicated a bankrupt; or files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy; or files a petition or answer seeking reorganization or an arrangement with creditors, or to take advantage of any insolvency, readjustment of loan, dissolution or liquidation law or statute; or an order, judgment, or decree is entered without the Manager’s consent appointing a receiver, trustee or liquidator for the Manager; or
(c) Bad Acts. The Manager engages in willful misconduct or acts with reckless disregard to its obligations, in each case causing material harm to the Company, or engages in bad faith in activities that are beneficial to itself and cause material harm to the Company, and the individual responsible for such actions is not terminated within thirty (30) days after the Manager becomes aware of such actions.
5.6.4. No Effect on Sponsor. The removal of the Manager shall not affect the interests of the Sponsor in the Common Stock.
5.7. Compliance with Investment Company Act. The Manager shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the Company is not treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, the Manager shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the Company satisfies the safe harbor set forth in 17 CFR §270.3a-1.
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6. ARTICLE SIX: OTHER BUSINESSES; INDEMNIFICATION; CONFIDENTIALITY
6.1. Other Businesses. Each Member and Manager may engage in any business whatsoever, including a business that is competitive with the business of the Company, and the other Members shall have no interest in such businesses and no claims on account of such businesses, whether such claims arise under the doctrine of “corporate opportunity,” an alleged fiduciary obligation owed to the Company or its members, or otherwise. Without limiting the preceding sentence, the Members acknowledge that the Manager and/or its affiliates intend to sponsor, manage, invest in, and otherwise be associated with other entities and business investing in the same asset class(es) as the Company, some of which could be competitive with the Company. No Member shall have any claim against the Manager or its affiliates on account of such other entities or businesses.
6.2. Exculpation and Indemnification
6.2.1. Exculpation.
(a) Covered Persons. As used in this section 6.2, the term “Covered Person” means (i) the Manager and its affiliates, (ii) the members, managers, officers, employees, and agents of the Manager and its affiliates, and (iii) the officers, employees, and agents of the Company, including a Representative, each acting within the scope of his, her, or its authority.
(b) Standard of Care. No Covered Person shall be liable to the Company for any loss, damage or claim incurred by reason of any action taken or omitted to be taken by such Covered Person, including actions take or omitted to be taken under the Management Agreement, in the good-faith business judgment of such Covered Person, so long as such action or omission does not constitute fraud or willful misconduct by such Covered Person.
(c) Good Faith Reliance. A Covered Person shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Company and upon such information, opinions, reports, or statements (including financial statements and information) of the following persons: (i) another Covered Person; (ii) any attorney, independent accountant, appraiser, or other expert or professional employed or engaged by or on behalf of the Company; or (iii) any other person selected in good faith by or on behalf of the Company, in each case as to matters that such relying Covered Person reasonably believes to be within such other person’s professional or expert competence. The preceding sentence shall in no way limit any person's right to rely on information to the extent provided in the Act.
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6.2.2. Liabilities and Duties of Covered Persons.
(a) Limitation of Liability. This Agreement is not intended to, and does not, create or impose any fiduciary duty on any Covered Person. Furthermore, each Member and the Company hereby waives any and all fiduciary duties that, absent such waiver, may be implied by applicable law, and in doing so, acknowledges and agrees that the duties and obligation of each Covered Person to each other and to the Company are only as expressly set forth in this Agreement. The provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities of a Covered Person otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Members to replace such other duties and liabilities of such Covered Person.
(b) Duties. Whenever a Covered Person is permitted or required to make a decision, the Covered Person shall be entitled to consider only such interests and factors as such Covered Person desires, including its own interests, and shall have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factors affecting the Company or any other person. Whenever in this Agreement a Covered Person is permitted or required to make a decision in such Covered Person’s “good faith,” the Covered Person shall act under such express standard and shall not be subject to any other or different standard imposed by this Agreement or any other applicable law.
6.2.3. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by the Act, as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended, substituted or replaced (but, in the case of any such amendment, substitution or replacement only to the extent that such amendment, substitution or replacement permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than the Act permitted the Company to provide prior to such amendment, substitution or replacement), the Company shall indemnify, hold harmless, defend, pay and reimburse any Covered Person against any and all losses, claims, damages, judgments, fines or liabilities, including reasonable legal fees or other expenses incurred in investigating or defending against such losses, claims, damages, judgments, fines or liabilities, and any amounts expended in settlement of any claims (collectively, “Losses”) to which such Covered Person may become subject by reason of any act or omission or alleged act or omission performed or omitted to be performed by such Covered Person on behalf of the Company in connection with the business of the Company, including pursuant to the Management Agreement; provided, that (i) such Covered Person acted in good faith and in a manner believed by such Covered Person to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, and (ii) such Covered Person's conduct did not constitute fraud or willful misconduct, in either case as determined by a final, nonappealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. In connection with the foregoing, the termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Covered Person did not act in good faith or, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such Covered Person’s conduct was unlawful, or that the Covered Person's conduct constituted fraud or willful misconduct.
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(b) Reimbursement. The Company shall promptly reimburse (and/or advance to the extent reasonably required) each Covered Person for reasonable legal or other expenses (as incurred) of such Covered Person in connection with investigating, preparing to defend or defending any claim, lawsuit or other proceeding relating to any Losses for which such Covered Person may be indemnified pursuant to this section 6.2.3; provided, that if it is finally judicially determined that such Covered Person is not entitled to the indemnification provided by this section 6.2.3, then such Covered Person shall promptly reimburse the Company for any reimbursed or advanced expenses.
(c) Entitlement to Indemnity. The indemnification provided by this section 6.2.3 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to indemnification to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any agreement or otherwise. The provisions of this section 6.2.3 shall continue to afford protection to each Covered Person regardless of whether such Covered Person remains in the position or capacity pursuant to which such Covered Person became entitled to indemnification under this section 6.2.3 and shall inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, and legal representative of such Covered Person.
(d) Insurance. To the extent available on commercially reasonable terms, the Company may purchase, at its expense, insurance to cover Losses covered by the foregoing indemnification provisions and to otherwise cover Losses for any breach or alleged breach by any Covered Person of such Covered Person’s duties in such amount and with such deductibles as the Manager may determine; provided, that the failure to obtain such insurance shall not affect the right to indemnification of any Covered Person under the indemnification provisions contained herein, including the right to be reimbursed or advanced expenses or otherwise indemnified for Losses hereunder. If any Covered Person recovers any amounts in respect of any Losses from any insurance coverage, then such Covered Person shall, to the extent that such recovery is duplicative, reimburse the Company for any amounts previously paid to such Covered Person by the Company in respect of such Losses.
(e) Funding of Indemnification Obligation. Any indemnification by the Company pursuant to this section 6.2.3 shall be provided out of and to the extent of Company assets only, and no Member shall have personal liability on account thereof or shall be required to make additional capital contributions to help satisfy such indemnification obligation.
(f) Savings Clause. If this section 6.2.3 or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Company shall nevertheless indemnify and hold harmless each Covered Person pursuant to this section 6.2.3 to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this section 6.3 that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
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6.2.4. Amendment. The provisions of this section 6.2 shall be a contract between the Company, on the one hand, and each Covered Person who served in such capacity at any time while this section is in effect, on the other hand, pursuant to which the Company and each such Covered Person intend to be legally bound. No amendment, modification or repeal of this section that adversely affects the rights of a Covered Person to indemnification for Losses incurred or relating to a state of facts existing prior to such amendment, modification or repeal shall apply in such a way as to eliminate or reduce such Covered Person’s entitlement to indemnification for such Losses without the Covered Person’s prior written consent.
6.2.5. Survival. The provisions of this section 6.2 shall survive the dissolution, liquidation, winding up, and termination of the Company.
6.3. Confidentiality. For as long as he, she, or it owns an interest in the Company and at all times thereafter, no Investor Member shall divulge to any person or entity, or use for his or its own benefit or the benefit of any person, any information of the Company of a confidential or proprietary nature, including, but not limited to (i) financial information; (ii) designs, drawings, plans, and specifications; (iii) the business methods, systems, or practices used by the Company; and (iii) the identity of the Company’s Members, customers, or suppliers. The foregoing shall not apply to information that is in the public domain or that an Investor Member is required to disclose by legal process.
7. ARTICLE SEVEN: BANK ACCOUNTS; BOOKS OF ACCOUNT
7.1. Bank Accounts. Funds of the Company may be deposited in accounts at banks or other institutions selected by the Manager. Withdrawals from any such account or accounts shall be made in the Company’s name upon the signature of such persons as the Manager may designate. Funds in any such account shall not be commingled with the funds of any Member.
7.2. Books and Records of Account. The Company shall keep at its principal offices books and records of account of the Company which shall reflect a full and accurate record of each transaction of the Company.
7.3. Annual Financial Statements and Reports. Within a reasonable period after the close of each fiscal year, the Company shall furnish to each Member with respect to such fiscal year (i) a statement showing in reasonable detail the computation of the amount distributed under section 4.1, and the manner in which it was distributed (ii) a balance sheet of the Company, (iii) a statement of income and expenses, and (iv) such additional information as may be required by law. The financial statements of the Company need not be audited by an independent certified public accounting firm unless the Manager so elects or the law so requires.
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7.4. Right of Inspection.
7.4.1. In General. If a Member wishes additional information or to inspect the books and records of the Company for a bona fide purpose, the following procedure shall be followed: (i) such Member shall notify the Manager, setting forth in reasonable detail the information requested and the reason for the request; (ii) within sixty (60) days after such a request, the Manager shall respond to the request by either providing the information requested or scheduling a date (not more than 90 days after the initial request) for the Member to inspect the Company’s records; (iii) any inspection of the Company’s records shall be at the sole cost and expense of the requesting Member; and (iv) the requesting Member shall reimburse the Company for any reasonable costs incurred by the Company in responding to the Member’s request and making information available to the Member.
7.4.2. Bona Fide Purpose. The Manager shall not be required to respond to a request for information or to inspect the books and records of the Company if the Manager believes such request is made to harass the Company or the Manager, to seek confidential information about the Company, or for any other purpose other than a bona fide purpose.
7.4.3. Representative. An inspection of the Company’s books and records may be conducted by an authorized representative of a Member, provided such authorized representative is an attorney or a licensed certified public accountant and is reasonably satisfactory to the Manager.
7.4.4. Restrictions. The following restrictions shall apply to any request for information or to inspect the books and records of the Company:
(a) No Member shall have a right to a list of the Investor Members or any information regarding the Investor Members.
(b) Before providing additional information or allowing a Member to inspect the Company’s records, the Manager may require such Member to execute a confidentiality agreement satisfactory to the Manager.
(c) No Member shall have the right to any trade secrets of the Company or any other information the Manager deems highly sensitive and confidential.
(d) No Member may review the books and records of the Company more than once during any twelve (12) month period.
(e) Any review of the Company’s books and records shall be scheduled in a manner to minimize disruption to the Company’s business.
(f) A representative of the Company may be present at any inspection of the Company’s books and records.
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(g) If more than one Member has asked to review the Company’s books and records, the Manager may require the requesting Members to consolidate their request and appoint a single representative to conduct such review on behalf of all requested Members.
(h) The Manager may impose additional reasonable restrictions for the purpose of protecting the Company and the Members.
8. ARTICLE EIGHT: TRANSFERS OF SHARES
8.1.1. In General. Except as provided in section 8.1.2, section 8.1.3, and section 8.1.4, or the terms of an Authorizing Resolution, Investor Shares may generally be transferred without the consent of the Company or the Manager.
8.1.2. REIT Restrictions on Transfer. Notwithstanding section 8.1.1, no transfer of Investor Shares will be permitted if the transfer could, by itself or in conjunction with other pending or anticipated transfers, jeopardize the status of the Company as a REIT, in the sole discretion of the Manager. An Investor Member seeking to transfer Investor Shares, by sale, gift, or otherwise, shall notify the Company no less than thirty (30) days before the proposed transfer, specifying the number of Investor Shares and the identity of the proposed transferee. The Company shall, within twenty (20) days, notify the Investor Member that (i) the proposed transfer is permitted, (ii) the proposed transfer is not permitted because it would jeopardize the status of the Company as a REIT, or (iii) the Manager requires additional information to make a determination. The Manager may require the Investor Member to reimburse the Company for any reasonable expenses the Company incurs with the transfer, including attorneys’ fees.
8.1.3. First Right of Refusal.
(a) In General. In the event an Investor Member (the “Selling Member”) receives an offer from a third party to acquire all or a portion of his, her, or its Investor Shares (the “Transfer Shares”), then he, she, or it shall notify the Manager, specifying the Investor Shares to be purchased, the purchase price, the approximate closing date, the form of consideration, and such other terms and conditions of the proposed transaction that have been agreed with the proposed purchaser (the “Sales Notice”). Within thirty (30) days after receipt of the Sales Notice the Manager shall notify the Selling Member whether the Manager (or a person designated by the Manager) elects to purchase the entire Transfer Shares on the terms set forth in the Sales Notice.
(b) Special Rules. The following rules shall apply for purposes of this section:
(1) If the Manager elects not to purchase the Transfer Shares, or fails to respond to the Sales Notice within the thirty (30) day period described above, the Selling Member may proceed with the sale to the proposed purchaser, subject to section 8.1.2.
(2) If the Manager elects to purchase the Transfer Shares, it shall do so within thirty (30) days.
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(3) If the Manager elects not to purchase the Transfer Shares, or fails to respond to the Sales Notice within the thirty (30) day period described above, and the Selling Member and the purchaser subsequently agree to a reduction of the purchase price, a change in the consideration from cash or readily tradeable securities to deferred payment obligations or nontradeable securities, or any other material change to the terms set forth in the Sales Notice, such agreement between the Selling Member and the purchaser shall be treated as a new offer and shall again be subject to this section.
(4) If the Manager elects to purchase the Transfer Shares in accordance with this section, such election shall have the same binding effect as the then-current agreement between the Selling Member and the proposed purchaser. Thus, for example, if the Selling Member and the purchaser have entered into a non-binding letter of intent but have not entered into a binding definitive agreement, the election of the Manager shall have the effect of a non-binding letter of intent with the Selling Member. Conversely, if the Selling Member and the purchaser have entered into a binding definitive agreement, the election of the Manager shall have the effect of a binding definitive agreement. If the Selling Member and the Manager are deemed by this subsection to have entered into only a non-binding letter of intent, neither shall be bound to consummate a transaction if they are unable to agree to the terms of a binding agreement.
8.1.4. Rights of Assignee. Until and unless a person who is a transferee of Investor Shares is admitted to the Company as an Investor Member pursuant to section 8.1.5 below, such transferee shall be entitled only to the allocations and distributions with respect to the transferred shares in accordance with this Agreement and, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including but not limited to 6 Del. C. §18-702(b), shall not have any non-economic rights of an Investor Member, including without limitation the right to require any information on account of the Company's business, inspect the Company’s books or vote on Company matters.
8.1.5. Conditions of Transfer. A transferee of Investor Shares shall have the right to become an Investor Member pursuant to 6 Del. C. §18-704 if and only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) The transferee has executed a copy of this Agreement, agreeing to be bound by all of its terms and conditions;
(b) A fully executed and acknowledged written transfer agreement between the Transferor and the transferee has been filed with the Company;
(c) All costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the transfer are paid by the transferor to the Company, without regard to whether the proposed transfer is consummated; and
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(d) The Manager determines, and such determination is confirmed by an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Manager stating, that (i) the transfer does not violate the Securities Act of 1933 or any applicable state securities laws, (ii) the transfer will not require the Company or the Manager to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, (iii) the transfer will not require the Manager or any affiliate that is not registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to register as an investment adviser, (iv) the transfer would not pose a material risk that (A) all or any portion of the assets of the Company would constitute “plan assets” under ERISA, (B) the Company would be subject to the provisions of ERISA, section 4975 of the Code or any applicable similar law, or (C) the Manager would become a fiduciary pursuant to ERISA or the applicable provisions of any similar law or otherwise, and (v) the transfer will not violate the applicable laws of any state or the applicable rules and regulations of any governmental authority; provided, that the delivery of such opinion may be waived, in whole or in part, at the sole discretion of the Manager.
8.1.6. Admission of Transferee. Any permitted transferee of Shares shall be admitted to the Company as a Member on the date agreed by the transferor, the transferee, and the Manager.
8.1.7. Exempt Transfers. The following transactions shall be exempt from the provisions of section 8.1:
(a) A transfer to or for the benefit of any spouse, child or grandchild of an Investor Member, or to a trust for their exclusive benefit;
(b) Any transfer pursuant to an effective registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; and
(c) The sale of all or substantially all of the interests of the Company (including pursuant to a merger or consolidation);
provided, however, that in the case of a transfer pursuant to section 8.1.6(a), (i) the transferred Shares shall remain subject to this Agreement, (ii) the transferee shall, as a condition to such transfer, deliver to the Company a written instrument confirming that such transferee shall be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and (iii) the transferred Shares shall not thereafter be transferred further in reliance on section 8.1.6(a).
8.1.8. Application to Certain Entities. In the case of an Investor Member that is a Special Purpose Entity, the restrictions set forth in section 8.1 shall apply to indirect transfers of interests in the Company by transfers of interests in such entity (whether by transfer of an existing interest or the issuance of new interests), as well as to direct transfers. A “Special Purpose Entity” means (i) an entity formed or availed of principally for the purpose of acquiring or holding an interest in the Company, and (ii) any entity if the purchase price of its interest in the Company represents at least seventy percent (70%) of its capital.
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8.1.9. Other Transfers Void. Transfers in contravention of this section shall be null, void and of no force or effect whatsoever, and the Members agree that any such transfer may and should be enjoined.
8.2. Death, Insolvency, Etc. Neither the death, disability, bankruptcy, or insolvency of a Member, nor the occurrence of any other voluntary or involuntary event with respect to a Member, shall give the Company or any Member the right to purchase such Member’s Shares, nor give the Member himself (or his heirs, assigns, or representatives) the right to sell such Shares to the Company or any other Member. Instead, such Member or his heirs, assigns, or legal representatives shall remain a Member subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
8.3. Incorporation. If the Manager determines that the business of the Company should be conducted in a corporation rather than in a limited liability company, whether for tax or other reasons, each Member shall cooperate in transferring the business to a newly-formed corporation and shall execute such agreements as the Manager may reasonably determine are necessary or appropriate, consistent with the terms of the this Agreement. In such event each Member shall receive stock in the newly-formed corporation equivalent to his or its Shares.
8.4. Drag-Along Right. In the event the Manager approves a sale or other disposition of all of the interests in the Company, then, upon notice of the sale or other disposition, each Member shall execute such documents or instruments as may be requested by the Manager to effectuate such sale or other disposition and shall otherwise cooperate with the Manager. The following rules shall apply to any such sale or other disposition: (i) each Investor Member shall represent that he, she, or it owns his or its Shares free and clear of all liens and other encumbrances, that he, she, or it has the power to enter into the transaction, and whether he, she, or it is a U.S. person, but shall not be required to make any other representations or warranties; (ii) each Investor Member shall grant to the Manager a power of attorney to act on behalf of such Investor Member in connection with such sale or other disposition; and (iii) each Investor Member shall receive, as consideration for such sale or other disposition, the same amount he, she, or it would have received had all or substantially all of the assets of the Company been sold and the net proceeds distributed in liquidation of the Company.
8.5. Waiver of Appraisal Rights. Each Member hereby waives any contractual appraisal rights such Member may otherwise have pursuant to 6 Del. C. §18-210 or otherwise, as well as any “dissenter’s rights.”
8.6. Mandatory Redemptions.
8.6.1. Based on ERISA Considerations. The Manager may, at any time, cause the Company to purchase all or any portion of the Investor Shares owned by an Investor Member whose assets are governed by Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Code section 4975, or any similar Federal, State, or local law, if the Manager determines that all or any portion of the assets of the Company would, in the absence of such purchase, more likely than not be treated as “plan assets” or otherwise become subject to such laws.
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8.6.2. Based on REIT Considerations. The Manager may, at any time, cause the Company to purchase all or any portion of the Investor Shares owned by an Investor Member if the Manager determines that such purchase would be beneficial in allowing the Company to retain its status as a REIT. In making such determination, the Manager need not conclude that such purchase is absolutely necessary for the Company to retain its status as a REIT or that the Company could not retain its status as a REIT in any other way.
8.6.3. Based on Other Bona Fide Business Reasons. The Manager may, at any time, cause the Company to purchase all of the Investor Shares owned by an Investor Member if the Manager determines that (i) such Investor Member made a material misrepresentation to the Company; (ii) legal or regulatory proceedings are commenced or threatened against the Company or any of its members arising from or relating to the Investor Member’s interest in the Company; (iii) the Manager believes that such Investor Member’s ownership has caused or will cause the Company to violate any law or regulation; (iv) such Member has violated any of his, her, or its obligations to the Company or to the other Members; or (ii) such Investor Member is engaged in, or has engaged in conduct (including but not limited to criminal conduct) that (A) brings the Company, or threatens to bring the Company, into disrepute, or (B) is adverse and fundamentally unfair to the interests of the Company or the other Members.
8.6.4. Purchase Price and Payment. Unless otherwise agreed in writing between the selling Investor Member and the Company, the price of Class A Investor Shares purchased and sold pursuant to this section 8.6 shall be ninety percent (90%) of the value of such Class A Investor Shares as determined by the Company in its reasonable discretion. The purchase price shall be paid by wire transfer or other immediately-available funds at closing, which shall be held within sixty (60) days following written notice from the Manager.
8.7. Withdrawal. An Investor Member may withdraw from the Company by giving at least ninety (90) days’ notice to the Manager. The withdrawing Investor Member shall be entitled to no distributions or payments from Company on account of his, her, or its withdrawal, nor shall he, she, or it be indemnified against liabilities of Company. For purposes of this section, an Investor Member who transfers a Class A Interest pursuant to (i) a transfer permitted under section 8.1, or (ii) an involuntary transfer by operation of law, shall not be treated as thereby withdrawing from Company.
9. ARTICLE NINE: DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
9.1. Dissolution. The Company shall be dissolved upon the first to occur of the following:
9.1.1. Within twelve (12) months following the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company;
9.1.2. The Dissolution Date; or
9.1.3. The entry of a decree of a judicial dissolution pursuant to the Act.
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9.2. Dissolution Date. For purposes of section 9.1.2, the term “Dissolution Date” means December 31, 2025, except that (i) the Manager may extend the Dissolution Date to December 31, 2026 by giving notice to all of the Members no later than September 30, 2025; and (ii) having given such notice, the Manager may further extend the Dissolution Date to December 31, 2027 by giving notice to all of the Members no later than September 30, 2026.
9.3. Liquidation.
9.3.1. Generally. If the Company is dissolved, the Company’s assets shall be liquidated and no further business shall be conducted by the Company except for such action as shall be necessary to wind-up its affairs and distribute its assets to the Members pursuant to the provisions of this Article Nine. Upon such dissolution, the Manager shall have full authority to wind-up the affairs of the Company and to make final distribution as provided herein.
9.3.2. Distribution of Assets. After liquidation of the Company, the assets of the Company shall be distributed as set forth in Article Two.
9.3.3. Distributions in Kind. The assets of the Company shall be liquidated as promptly as possible so as to permit distributions in cash, but such liquidation shall be made in an orderly manner so as to avoid undue losses attendant upon liquidation. In the event that in the Manager’ opinion complete liquidation of the assets of the Company within a reasonable period of time proves impractical, assets of the Company other than cash may be distributed to the Members in kind but only after all cash and cash-equivalents have first been distributed and after the Pre-Distribution Adjustment.
9.3.4. Statement of Account. Each Member shall be furnished with a statement prepared by the Company’s accountants, which shall set forth the assets and liabilities of the Company as of the date of complete liquidation, and the capital account of each Member immediately prior to any distribution in liquidation.
10. ARTICLE TEN: POWER OF ATTORNEY
10.1. In General. The Manager shall at all times during the term of the Company have a special and limited power of attorney as the attorney-in-fact for each Investor Member, with power and authority to act in the name and on behalf of each such Investor Member, to execute, acknowledge, and swear to in the execution, acknowledgement and filing of documents which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement and which may include, by way of illustration but not by limitation, the following:
10.1.1. This Agreement and any amendment of this Agreement authorized under section 11.1;
10.1.2. Any other instrument or document that may be required to be filed by the Company under the laws of any state or by any governmental agency or which the Manager shall deem it advisable to file;
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10.1.3. Any instrument or document that may be required to effect the continuation of the Company, the admission of new Members, or the dissolution and termination of the Company; and
10.1.4. Any and all other instruments as the Manager may deem necessary or desirable to effect the purposes of this Agreement and carry out fully its provisions.
10.2. Terms of Power of Attorney. The special and limited power of attorney of the Manager (i) is a special power of attorney coupled with the interest of the Manager in the Company, and its assets, is irrevocable, shall survive the death, incapacity, termination or dissolution of the granting Investor Member, and is limited to those matters herein set forth; (ii) may be exercised by the Manger by an through one or more of the officers of the Manager for each of the Investor Members by the signature of the Manager acting as attorney-in-fact for all of the Investor Members, together with a list of all Investor Members executing such instrument by their attorney-in-fact or by such other method as may be required or requested in connection with the recording or filing of any instrument or other document so executed; and (iii) shall survive an assignment by an Investor Member of all or any portion of his, her or its Class A Interest except that, where the assignee of the Class A Interest owned by the Investor Member has been approved by the Manager for admission to the Company, the special power of attorney shall survive such assignment for the sole purpose of enabling the Manager to execute, acknowledge and file any instrument or document necessary to effect such substitution.
10.3. Notice to Investor Members. The Manager shall promptly furnish to each Investor Member a copy of any amendment to this Agreement executed by the Manger pursuant to a power of attorney from such Investor Member.
11. ARTICLE ELEVEN: AMENDMENTS
11.1. Amendments Not Requiring Consent. The Manager may amend this Agreement without the consent of any Member to effect:
11.1.1. The correction of typographical errors;
11.1.2. A change in the name of the Company, the location of the principal place of business of the Company, the registered agent of the Company or the registered office of the Company;
11.1.3. The admission, substitution, withdrawal, or removal of Members in accordance with this Agreement;
11.1.4. An amendment the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate for the Company to qualify as a REIT;
11.1.5. An amendment the Manager deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the division of Investor Shares into classes;
11.1.6. An amendment that cures ambiguities or inconsistencies in this Agreement;
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11.1.7. An amendment that adds to its own obligations or responsibilities;
11.1.8. A change in the fiscal year or taxable year of the Company and any other changes that the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate as a result of a change in the fiscal year or taxable year of the Company;
11.1.9. A change the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate to prevent the Company from being treated as an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940;
11.1.10. A change to facilitate the trading of Shares, including changes required by law or by the rules of a securities exchange;
11.1.11. A change the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate to satisfy any requirements or guidelines contained in any opinion, directive, order, ruling, or regulation of any federal or state agency or judicial authority or contained in any Federal or State statute, including but not limited to “no-action letters” issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission;
11.1.12. A change that the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate to prevent the Company from being subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974;
11.1.13. A change the Manager determines to be necessary or appropriate to reflect an investment by the Company in any corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other entity;
11.1.14. An amendment that conforms to the Offering Circular;
11.1.15. Any amendments expressly permitted in this Agreement to be made by the Manager acting alone; or
11.1.16. Any other amendment that does not have, and could not reasonably be expected to have, an adverse effect on the Investor Members.
11.2. Amendments Requiring Majority Consent. Any amendment that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, an adverse effect on the Investor Members, other than amendments described in section 11.3, shall require the consent of the Manager and Investor Members holding a majority of the Investor Shares or, if an amendment affects only one class of Investor Shares, then the Investor Members holding a majority of the Investor Shares of that Series.
11.3. Amendments Requiring Unanimous Consent. The following amendments shall require the consent of the Manager and each affected Member:
11.3.1. An amendment deleting or modifying any of the amendments already listed in this section 11.3;
11.3.2. An amendment that would require any Investor Member to make additional Capital Contributions; and
11.3.3. An amendment that would impose personal liability on any Investor Member.
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11.4. Procedure for Obtaining Consent. If the Manager proposes to make an amendment to this Agreement that requires the consent of Investor Members, the Manager shall notify each affected Investor Member (who may be all Investor Members, or only Investor Members holding a given class of Investor Shares) in writing, specifying the proposed amendment and the reason(s) why the Manager believe the amendment is in the best interest of the Company. At the written request of Investor Members holding at least Twenty Percent (20%) of the Investor Shares entitled to vote on the amendment, the Manager shall hold an in-person or electronic meeting (e.g., a webinar) to explain and discuss the amendment. Voting may be through paper or electronic ballots. If the Manager proposes an amendment that is not approved by the Investor Members within ninety (90) days from proposal, the Manager shall not again propose that amendment for at least six (6) months.
12. ARTICLE TWELVE: MISCELLANEOUS
12.1. Notices. Any notice or document required or permitted to be given under this Agreement may be given by a party or by its legal counsel and shall be deemed to be given (i) on the day after being deposited with a national overnight delivery service, or (ii) on the date transmitted by electronic mail (unless the recipient can demonstrate that the message was not delivered to his, her, or its inbox), to the principal business address of the Company, if to the Company or the Manager, to the address of an Investor Member provided by such Investor Member, or such other address or addresses as the parties may designate from time to time by notice satisfactory under this section.
12.2. Electronic Delivery. Each Member hereby agrees that all communications with the Company, including all tax forms, shall be via electronic delivery.
12.3. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of Delaware without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws. Each Member hereby (i) consents to the personal jurisdiction of the California courts or the Federal courts located in or most geographically convenient to San Diego, California, (ii) agrees that all disputes arising from this Agreement shall be prosecuted in such courts, except as provided in section 5.6.2, (iii) agrees that any such court shall have in personam jurisdiction over such Member, and (iv) consents to service of process by notice sent by regular mail to the address on file with the Company and/or by any means authorized by California law.
12.4. Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH MEMBER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY THAT MAY ARISE UNDER THIS AGREEMENT IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES AND, THEREFORE, EACH MEMBER IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LEGAL ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT. However, the foregoing waiver of trial by jury does not apply to claims arising under the Federal securities laws.
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12.5. Signatures. This Agreement may be signed (i) in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be a fully-executed original; and (ii) electronically, e.g., via DocuSign. An original signature transmitted by facsimile or email shall be deemed to be original for purposes of this Agreement.
12.6. No Third Party Beneficiaries. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement, this Agreement is made for the sole benefit of the parties. No other persons shall have any rights or remedies by reason of this Agreement against any of the parties or shall be considered to be third party beneficiaries of this Agreement in any way.
12.7. Binding Effect. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of the respective heirs, legal representatives and permitted assigns of each party, and shall be binding upon the heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns of each party.
12.8. Titles and Captions. All article, section and paragraph titles and captions contained in this Agreement are for convenience only and are not deemed a part of the context hereof.
12.9. Pronouns and Plurals. All pronouns and any variations thereof are deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural as the identity of the person or persons may require.
12.10. Execution by Investor Members. It is anticipated that this Agreement will be executed by Investor Members through the execution of a separate Investment Agreement.
12.11. Legal Representation. The Company and the Manager have been represented by Lex Nova Law LLC in connection with the preparation of this Agreement. Each Investor Member (i) represents that such Member has not been represented by Lex Nova Law LLC in connection with the preparation of this Agreement, (ii) agrees that Lex Nova Law LLC may represent the Company and/or the Manager in the event of a dispute involving such Investor Member, and (iii) acknowledges that such Investor Member has been advised to seek separate counsel in connection with this Agreement.
12.12. Days. Any period of days mandated under this Agreement shall be determined by reference to calendar days, not business days, except that any payments, notices, or other performance falling due on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal government holiday shall be considered timely if paid, given, or performed on the next succeeding business day.
12.13. Relationship to Investment Agreement. In the case of an Investor Member, this Agreement governs such Investor Member’s ownership of Investor Shares and the operation of the Company, while the Investment Agreement governs such Investor Member’s purchase of Investor Shares. In the event of a conflict between the two agreements, this Agreement shall control.
12.14. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
| DF Growth REIT II, LLC | ||
| By: | DF Manager, LLC | |
| As Manager | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| As Manager | ||
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
| DF MANAGER, LLC | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| As Manager | ||
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
| DIVERSYFUND, INC. | ||
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
P a g e | 25
Exhibit 1A-2C
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
AUTHORIZING RESOLUTION
Class A Investor Shares
The undersigned, being the Manager of DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), hereby adopts the following as an “Authorizing Resolution” pursuant to section 3.2 of the Limited Liability Company Agreement dated August 6, 2020 (the “LLC Agreement”):
1. Definitions. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined in this Authorizing Resolution shall have the meanings given to them in the LLC Agreement.
2. Authorization of Class. The Company shall have the authority to issue up to Seven Million Five Hundred Thousand (7,500,000) Investor Shares designated as “Class A Investor Shares,” having no par value, with the rights, preferences, powers, privileges and restrictions, qualifications, and limitations set forth in this Authorizing Resolution.
3. Distributions.
3.1. Definitions. The following definitions shall apply for purposes of this section 3:
3.1.1. “Affiliated Person” means the Manager, the Sponsor, Alan Lewis, Craig Cecilio, and any person who would be treated as related to any of such persons under section 267(b) or section 707(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
3.1.2. “Allocated Capital” means, for any Holder, an amount equal to the Unreturned Investment of such Holder multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Net Value of the Property that was the subject of the Capital Transaction (or the sum of Net Values, if more than one Property was the subject of the Capital Transaction) and the denominator of which is the Net Asset Value.
3.1.3. “Capital Contribution” means (i) for a Holder who acquired his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares directly from the Company, the amount paid for such Class A Investor Shares; and (ii) for a Holder who acquired his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares from another person, the amount paid by the person who originally purchased such Class A Investor Shares from the Company.
3.1.4. “Capital Transaction” means any sale, refinancing, or other transaction involving one or more Properties that is customarily considered as capital.
3.1.5. “Catchup Return” means, as of the date of any distribution, an amount that bears the same proportion to the aggregate Investor Preferred Return paid (not accrued) through such date as thirty-five (35) bears to sixty-five (65), i.e., approximately 53.85%.
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3.1.6. “Excess Distribution” means the aggregate amount of the distributions (not fees) received from the Company by an Affiliated Person, whether as the owner of Common Shares, Class A Investor Shares, or otherwise, in excess of the amount of such Affiliated Person’s Capital Contribution.
3.1.7. “Final Holder” means a person who is a Holder upon the dissolution and liquidation of the Company, other than an Affiliated Person.
3.1.8. “Holder” means an Investor Member who owns Class A Investor Shares.
3.1.9. “Investor IRR” means, for any Holder, the IRR calculated on the Capital Contribution of each Holder, measured from the date such Holder was admitted to the Company (provided that for these purposes, the Company may assume that each Holder admitted to the Company during a month was admitted on the last day of such month) and assuming that the value of the Class A Investor Shares owned by such Holder is equal to the Residual Amount. The Investor IRR of a Holder who did not acquire his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares directly from the Company shall (i) be measured from the date the original owner of such Class A Investor Shares acquired such Class A Investor Shares from the Company, and (ii) take into account all distributions made with respect to Class A Investor Shares, to all owners.
3.1.10. “Investor Preferred Return” means a cumulative, non-compounded return of seven percent (7%) per year on the Unreturned Investment of a Contributing Member.
3.1.11. “IRR” means internal rate of return calculated using the “XIRR” function in Microsoft Excel, taking into account all Capital Contributions and distributions.
3.1.12. “Member Loans” has the meaning set forth in section 2.3.1 of the LLC Agreement.
3.1.13. “Net Asset Value” has the meaning set forth in section 8.7 of the LLC Agreement.
3.1.14. “Net Value” means, for any Property, the net value of such Property used to calculate Net Asset Value.
3.1.15. “Net Capital Proceeds” means the proceeds from any Capital Transaction minus (i) the expenses the Company incurs with respect to the Capital Transaction, (ii) any repayments of debt made in connection with the Capital Transaction, (iii) brokerage commissions, and (iv) other costs customarily taken into account in calculating net proceeds, and after establishing such reserves against future needs as the Manager shall determine.
3.1.16. “Operating Cash Flow” means the cash flow from the operations of the Company taking into account all revenue and all expense (including but not limited to debt service and the fees and charges payable to the Manager and its affiliates), and after establishing such reserves against future needs as the Manager shall determine.
3.1.17. “Property” means a property owned by the Company.
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3.1.18. “Residual Value” means, for each Holder, the amount such Holder would receive if all of the assets of the Company were sold in a Capital Transaction for the values used to calculate the Net Asset Value and the Net Capital Proceeds, as determined in the sole discretion of the Manager, along with any other cash or equivalents, distributed in accordance with this Authorizing Resolution.
3.1.19. “Target IRR” means an Investor IRR of twelve percent (12%).
3.1.20. “Unreturned Investment” means (i) for a Holder who acquired his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares directly from the Company, the Capital Contribution of such Holder reduced by the aggregate amount of any distributions received pursuant to section 3.3.3; and (ii) for a Holder who acquired his, her, or its Class A Investor Shares from another person, the Capital Contribution of such Holder reduced by the aggregate amount of any distributions received pursuant to section 3.3.3 by any previous owner of such Class A Investor Shares.
3.2. Distributions of Operating Cash Flow. Within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar month, or at such other intervals as the Manager shall determine, the Company shall distribute its Operating Cash Flow as follows:
3.2.1. First, such Operating Cash Flow shall be used to repay any outstanding Member Loans.
3.2.2. Second, any remaining Operating Cash Flow shall be distributed to the Holders until each Holder has received his, her, or its Investor Preferred Return for the current year and all prior years.
3.2.3. Third, any remaining Operating Cash Flow shall be distributed to the holders of the Common Shares in an amount equal to the Catchup Return.
3.2.4. Fourth, any remaining Operating Cash Flow shall be distributed:
(a) Sixty five percent (65%) to the Holders; and
(b) Thirty five percent (35%) to the holders of the Common Shares.
3.3. Distributions of Net Capital Proceeds. Within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar year, or at such other more frequent intervals as the Manager shall determine, the Company shall distribute its Net Capital Proceeds as follows:
3.3.1. First, such Net Capital Proceeds shall be used to repay any outstanding Member Loans.
3.3.2. Second, any remaining Net Capital Proceeds shall be distributed to the Holders until each Holder has received his, her, or its Investor Preferred Return for the current year and all prior years, provided that once a Holder has received his, her, or its Investor Preferred Return for the current year and all prior years.
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3.3.3. Third, any remaining Net Capital Proceeds shall be distributed to the Holders until each Holder has received a full return of his, her, or its Allocated Capital from the Capital Transaction.
3.3.4. Fourth, any remaining Net Capital Proceeds shall be distributed to the holders of the Common Shares in an amount equal to the Catchup Return.
3.3.5. Fifth, until each Holder has achieved the Target IRR, any remaining Net Capital Proceeds shall be distributed thirty five percent (35%) to the holders of the Common Shares and sixty five percent (65%) to the Holders, provided that once a Holder has achieved the Target IRR, such Holder shall not receive any additional distribution pursuant to this paragraph.
3.3.6. Sixth, any remaining Net Capital Proceeds shall be distributed:
(a) Fifty percent (50%) to the Holders; and
(b) Fifty percent (50%) to the holders of Common Shares.
3.4. Distributions Among Holders. Unless otherwise indicated, any distributions to be made to the Holders as a group, or to the holders of Common Shares as a group, shall be made pro rata based on the number of Shares owned. However, the Manager, in its sole discretion, may adjust the amount distributed to each Holder if the Class A Investor Shares owned by such Holder were not outstanding during the entire period to which the distribution relates.
3.5. Clawback.
3.5.1. In General. If, upon the liquidation and dissolution of the Company, any Final Holder has received an Investor IRR of less than seven percent (7%), then each Affiliated Person who has received an Excess Distribution shall re-contribute to the Company such Excess Distributions and such Excess Distributions shall be distributed to such Final Holders until each Final Holder has received an Investor IRR of seven percent (7%).
3.5.2. Pro Rate Contributions and Distributions. All Excess Distributions received by Affiliated Persons shall be re-contributed pursuant to section 3.5.1 on a pro rata basis, based on the total amount of Excess Distributions each Affiliated Person has received. Similarly, all Excess Distributed to Final Holders pursuant to section 3.5.1 shall be distributed on a pro rata basis, based on the amount required for each Final Holder to receive an Investor IRR of seven percent (7%).
3.6. Calculations. All calculations required by this section 3 shall be made by an accounting firm selected by the Manager, and, in the absence of fraud, its calculation shall be final and not subject to dispute.
4. Price. Initially, the Class A Investor Shares shall be offered to the public for Ten Dollars ($10.00) for each Class A Investor Share. The price may be increased or decreased by the Manager based on changes in the Net Asset Value.
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5. Manner of Offering. Initially, the Class A Investor Shares shall be offered to the public in an offering under Tier 2 of Regulation A issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. However, Class A Investor Shares may also be offered and sold publicly or privately in other offerings as determined by the Manager.
6. Amendment of Rights. The Company shall not amend, alter or repeal the preferences, special rights, or other powers of the Class A Investor Shares so as to affect adversely the Class A Investor Shares vis-à-vis the Common Shares or any other series of Investor Shares, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Class A Investor Shares.
7. Other Class. The Company may issue one or more series of Investor Shares with rights superior to those of the Class A Investor Shares, provided that Shares of such series may not be owned by the Manager or its affiliates. Without limiting the preceding sentence, the Company may issue a series of Investor Shares whose holders have the right to receive distributions before any distributions are made to the holders of the Class A Investor Shares.
8. Preemptive Rights. Holders of the Class A Investor Shares shall have no preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe or purchase additional securities of the Company.
DATED: August 20, 2020
| DF MANAGER, LLC | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc., Manager | |
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
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Exhibit 1A-6A
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
This is an Investment Agreement, entered into on ____________, 2020, by and between DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”) and the purchaser identified on the Purchaser Information Sheet attached (“Purchaser”).
Background
I. The Company is offering for sale Class A Investor Shares pursuant to an Offering Circular dated October 30, 2020 (the “Disclosure Document”).
II. The Company and its members are parties to an agreement captioned “Limited Liability Company Agreement”, dated August 20, 2020, which they intend to be the sole “limited liability company agreement” of the Company within the meaning of 6 Del. C. §18-101(7) (the “LLC Agreement”).
NOW, THEREFORE, acknowledging the receipt of adequate consideration and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Defined Terms. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined in this Investment Agreement have the meanings given to them in the Disclosure Document. The Company is sometimes referred to using words like “we” and “our,” and Purchaser is sometimes referred to using words like “you” and “your.”
2. Purchase of Shares. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Investment Agreement, the Company hereby agrees to sell to you, and you hereby agree to purchase from the Company, that number of Class A Investor Shares set forth on the Purchaser Information Sheet, for the price set forth on the Purchaser Information Sheet. We refer to your Class A Investor Shares as the “Shares.”
3. No Right to Cancel. You do not have the right to cancel your subscription or change your mind. Once you sign this Investment Agreement, you are obligated to purchase the Shares, no matter what.
4. Our Right to Reject Investment. In contrast, we have the right to reject your subscription for any reason or for no reason, in our sole discretion. If we reject your subscription, any money you have given us will be returned to you.
5. Your Promises. You promise that:
5.1. Accuracy of Information. All of the information you have given to us, whether in this Investment Agreement or otherwise, is accurate and we may rely on it. If any of the information you have given to us changes before we accept your subscription, you will notify us immediately. If any of the information you have given to us is inaccurate and we are damaged (harmed) as a result, you will indemnify us, meaning you will pay any damages.
5.2. Risks. You understand all the risks of investing, including the risk that you could lose all your money. Without limiting that statement, you have reviewed and understand all the risks listed in the Disclosure Document.
5.3. No Representations. Nobody has made any promises or representations to you, except the information in the Disclosure Document. Nobody has guaranteed any financial outcome of your investment.
5.4. Opportunity to Ask Questions. You have had the opportunity to ask questions about the Company and the investment. All your questions have been answered to your satisfaction.
5.5. Your Legal Power to Sign and Invest. You have the legal power to sign this Investment Agreement and purchase the Shares.
5.6. No Government Approval. You understand that no state or federal authority has reviewed this Investment Agreement or the Shares or made any finding relating to the value or fairness of the investment.
5.7. No Transfer. You understand that under the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Shares may not be transferred without our consent. Also, securities laws limit transfer of the Shares. Finally, there is currently no market for the Shares, meaning it might be hard to find a buyer. As a result, you should be prepared to hold the Shares indefinitely.
5.8. No Advice. We have not provided you with any investment, financial, or tax advice. Instead, we have advised you to consult with your own legal and financial advisors and tax experts.
5.9. Tax Treatment. We have not promised you any particular tax outcome from buying or holding the Shares.
5.10. Acting On Your Own Behalf. You are acting on your own behalf in purchasing the Shares, not on behalf of anyone else.
5.11. Investment Purpose. You are purchasing the Shares solely as an investment, not with an intent to re-sell or “distribute” any part of it.
5.12. Anti-Money Laundering Laws. Your investment will not, by itself, cause the Company to be in violation of any “anti-money laundering” laws, including, without limitation, the United States Bank Secrecy Act, the United States Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, and the United States International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001.
5.13. Additional Information. At our request, you will provide further documentation verifying the source of the money used to purchase the Shares.
5.14. Disclosure. You understand that we may release confidential information about you to government authorities if we determine, in our sole discretion after consultation with our lawyer, that releasing such information is in the best interest of the Company or if we are required to do so by such government authorities.
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5.15. Additional Documents. You will execute any additional documents we request if we reasonably believe those documents are necessary or appropriate and explain why.
5.16. No Violations. Your purchase of the Shares will not violate any law or conflict with any contract to which you are a party.
5.17. Enforceability. This Investment Agreement is enforceable against you in accordance with its terms.
5.18. No Inconsistent Statements. No person has made any oral or written statements or representations to you that are inconsistent with the information in this Investment Agreement and the Disclosure Document.
5.19. Financial Forecasts. You understand that any financial forecasts or projections are based on estimates and assumptions we believe to be reasonable but are highly speculative. Given the industry, our actual results may vary from any forecasts or projections.
5.20. Notification. If you discover at any time that any of the promises in this section 5 are untrue, you will notify us right away.
5.21. Additional Promises by Individuals. If you are a natural person (not an entity), you also promise that:
5.21.1. Knowledge. You have enough knowledge, skill, and experience in business, financial, and investment matters to evaluate the merits and risks of the investment.
5.21.2. U.S. Citizen or Resident. If you are neither a citizen nor a resident of the United States (i) you acknowledge that distributions to you might be subject to withholding under U.S. tax laws, and (ii) the offering of Class A Investor Shares is legal in the jurisdiction where you live and does not require the consent or approval of any governmental entity in that jurisdiction.
5.21.3. Financial Wherewithal. You can afford this investment, even if you lose your money. You don’t rely on this money for your current needs, like rent or utilities.
5.21.4. Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Laws. None of the money used to purchase the Shares was derived from or related to any activity that is illegal under United States law, and you are not on any list of “Specially Designated Nationals” or known or suspected terrorists that has been generated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury (“OFAC”), nor are you a citizen or resident of any country that is subject to embargo or trade sanctions enforced by OFAC.
5.22. Entity Investors. If Purchaser is a legal entity, like a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company, Purchaser also promises that:
5.22.1. Good Standing. Purchaser is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction where it was organized and has full corporate power and authority to conduct its business as presently conducted and as proposed to be conducted.
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5.22.2. Other Jurisdictions. Purchaser is qualified to do business in every other jurisdiction where the failure to qualify would have a material adverse effect on Purchaser.
5.22.3. Authorization. The execution and delivery by Purchaser of this Investment Agreement, Purchaser’s performance of its obligations hereunder, the consummation by Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the purchase of the Shares, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership or company action.
5.22.4. Investment Company. Purchaser is not an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
5.22.5. Information to Investors. Purchaser has not provided any information concerning the Company or its business to any actual or prospective investor, except the Disclosure Document, this Investment Agreement, and other written information that the Company has approved in writing in advance.
5.22.6. Anti-Terrorism and Money Laundering Laws. To the best of Purchaser’s knowledge based upon appropriate diligence and investigation, none of the money used to purchase the Shares was derived from or related to any activity that is illegal under United States law. Purchaser has received representations from each of its owners such that it has formed a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of each of the ultimate investors in Purchaser. To the best of Purchaser’s knowledge, none of its ultimate investors is on any list of “Specially Designated Nationals” or known or suspected terrorists that has been generated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of Treasury (“OFAC”), nor is any such ultimate investor a citizen or resident of any country that is subject to embargo or trade sanctions enforced by OFAC.
6. Confidentiality. The information we have provided to you about the Company, including the information in the Disclosure Document, is confidential. You will not reveal such information to anyone or use such information for your own benefit, except to purchase the Shares.
7. Re-Purchase of Shares. If we decide that you provided us with inaccurate information or have otherwise violated your obligations, or if required by any applicable law or regulation related to terrorism, money laundering, and similar activities, we may (but shall not be required to) repurchase your Shares for an amount equal to the amount you paid for it.
8. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of California without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws. You hereby (i) consent to the personal jurisdiction of the California courts or the Federal courts located in or most geographically convenient to San Diego, California, (ii) agree that all disputes arising from this Agreement shall be prosecuted in such courts, (iii) agree that any such court shall have in personam jurisdiction over you, and (iv) consent to service of process by notice sent in accordance with section 11 and/or by any means authorized by California law.
9. Execution of LLC Agreement. If we accept your subscription, then your execution of this Investment Agreement will also serve as your execution of the LLC Agreement, just as if you had signed a paper copy of the LLC Agreement in blue ink.
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10. Consent to Electronic Delivery. You agree that we may deliver all notices, tax reports and other documents and information to you by email or another electronic delivery method we choose. You agree to tell us right away if you change your email address or home mailing address so we can send information to the new address.
11. Notices. All notices between us will be electronic. You will contact us by email at our website (www.DiversyFund.com). We will contact you by email at the email address on the Purchaser Information Sheet. Either of us may change our email address by notifying the other (by email). Any notice will be considered to have been received on the day it was sent by email, unless the recipient can demonstrate that a problem occurred with delivery. You should designate our email address as a “safe sender” so our emails do not get trapped in your spam filter.
12. Limitations on Damages. WE WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU TELL US YOU MIGHT INCUR THOSE DAMAGES. This means that at most, you can sue us for the amount of your investment. You can’t sue us for anything else. However, the foregoing limitation of damages does not apply to claims arising under the Federal securities laws.
13. Waiver of Jury Rights. IN ANY DISPUTE WITH US, YOU AGREE TO WAIVE YOUR RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY. This means that any dispute will be heard by a judge, not a jury. However, the foregoing waiver of trial by jury does not apply to claims arising under the Federal securities laws.
14. Miscellaneous Provisions.
14.1. No Transfer. You may not transfer your rights or obligations.
14.2. Headings. The headings used in this Investment Agreement (e.g., the word “Headings” in this paragraph), are used only for convenience and have no legal significance.
14.3. No Other Agreements. This Investment Agreement, the LLC Agreement, and the Shares are the only agreements between us.
14.4. Relationship with LLC Agreement. This Agreement governs Purchaser’s purchase of the Shares, while the LLC Agreement governs Purchaser’s ownership of the Shares and the operation of the Company. In the event of a conflict between the two agreements, the LLC Agreement shall control.
14.5. Electronic Signature. You will sign this Investment Agreement electronically, rather than physically.
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PURCHASER INFORMATION SHEET
| Name of Purchaser | _______________________________ |
| Number of Class A Investor Shares | _______________________________ |
| Price Per Investor Share | _______________________________ |
| Total Investment | _______________________________ |
| Social Security Number | |
| (If You Are An Individual) | _______________________________ |
| Or | |
| Employer Identification Number | |
| (If You Are An Entity) | _______________________________ |
| Jurisdiction of Formation | |
| (If You Are An Entity) | _______________________________ |
| Mailing Address | _______________________________ |
| Street 1 | |
| _______________________________ | |
| Street 2 | |
| _______________________________ | |
| City | |
| _______________________________ | |
| State and Zip Code | |
| _______________________________ | |
| Country | |
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Email Address
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[Signatures on the Applicable Investor Signature Page that Follows]
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INVESTOR SIGNATURE PAGE
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Investment Agreement effective on the date first written above.
| _____________________________________ | |
| Investor Signature | |
| _____________________________________ | |
| Second Signature (For Joint Accounts) | |
| _____________________________________ | |
| Name and Title (For Entity Investors Only) |
ACCEPTED
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
| By: | DF Manager, LLC | |
| As Manager | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| As Manager |
| By | ______________________________ | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer |
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Exhibit 1A-6B
MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT
This is an Agreement, entered into as of August 20, 2020, by and between DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), and DF Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Manager”).
Background
The Company intends to qualify as a “real estate investment trust” under section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and wishes to engage the Manager to perform certain services.
NOW, THEREFORE, intending to be legally bound and acknowledging the receipt of adequate consideration, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Definitions. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Agreement shall have the following meanings:
1.1. “Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, that Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” of a Person means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of that Person, whether by contract, through the ownership of voting securities, or otherwise.
1.2. “Agreement” means this Management Services Agreement, as amended from time to time.
1.3. “Business Day” means a day on which the banks are opened for business in New York City.
1.4. “Certificate of Formation” means the Certificate of Formation of the Company, as amended.
1.5. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
1.6. “Effective Date” means the date of this Agreement.
1.7. “Governing Instruments” means the Certificate of Formation, the LLC Agreement, and any “Authorizing Resolution” adopted under the LLC Agreement.
1.8. “LLC Agreement” means the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company dated August 20, 2020, as amended.
1.9. “Management Fee” means the fee described in section 5.
1.10. “Member” means a Person who is an “Investor Member” of the Company within the meaning of the LLC Agreement.
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1.11. “Person” means any individual or legal entity, including a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, estate, or trust.
1.12. “Portfolio” means a portfolio of Property.
1.13. “Property” means a mortgage or other real estate asset acquired by the Company.
1.14. “REIT” means a “real estate investment trust” as defined in section 856 of the Code.
2. Duties of the Manager.
2.1. In General. Pursuant to section 5.1.2 of the LLC Agreement, the Manager shall have full and complete authority, power and discretion to manage and control the business, affairs and properties of the Company, to make all decisions regarding those matters, to execute any contracts or other instruments on behalf of the Company, and to perform any and all other acts or activities customary or incidental to the management of the business conducted by the Company. The provisions of this section 2 set forth certain specific duties of the Manager, but shall not be deemed to restrict the authority of the Manager pursuant to the LLC Agreement.
2.2. Investment Management. The Manager shall:
2.2.1. Develop, design, oversee, implement, and periodically review the Company’s investment strategy and guidelines;
2.2.2. Serve as the Company’s investment and financial manager;
2.2.3. Review joint ventures and other relationships with third parties;
2.2.4. Seek out and review market research and economic and statistical data in connection with the Company’s investments and investment objectives and policies;
2.2.5. Oversee and conduct due diligence processes related to prospective investments;
2.2.6. Prepare reports regarding prospective investments that include recommendations and supporting documentation necessary for the Manager’s investment committee to evaluate the proposed investments;
2.2.7. Evaluate potential asset dispositions, sales, or liquidity transactions;
2.2.8. Structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which the assets of the Company may be sold;
2.2.9. Identify and evaluate potential financing and refinancing sources;
2.2.10. Negotiate the terms of, arrange, and execute financing agreements;
2.2.11. Manage relationships between the Company and its lenders;
2.2.12. Monitor and oversee the service of the Company’s financing facilities; and
2.2.13. Negotiate and execute approved investments and other transactions.
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2.3. Capital Formation. The Manager shall manage and supervise one or more offerings of interests in the Company, including for each offering (i) selecting the appropriate type of offering; (ii) designing the instrument to be acquired by investors in the offering; (iii) preparing, with the assistance of counsel, the appropriate offering documents and other materials, including but not limited to disclosure materials and subscription agreements; (iv) preparing marketing materials related to the offering; (v) selecting one or more distribution channels for the offering; (vi) reviewing subscriptions from prospective investors; (vii) complying with the laws that apply to the offering, including securities laws; (viii) selecting escrow agents, transfer agents, and other third parties; and (ix) performing all other services required to conduct and complete the offering.
2.4. Asset Management. The Manager shall:
2.4.1. Engage the services of such consultants, accountants, lenders, technical managers, attorneys, corporate fiduciaries, escrow agents, depositaries, custodians, transfer agents, agents for collection, insurers, insurance agents, developers, construction companies and other third parties the Manager believes necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business of the Company;
2.4.2. Monitor the value of the investments of the Company;
2.4.3. Monitor and evaluate the performance of the investments of the Company;
2.4.4. Formulate and oversee the implementation of strategies for the administration, promotion, management, operation, maintenance, improvement, financing and refinancing, marketing, leasing and disposition of investments on an overall portfolio basis; and
2.4.5. Coordinate and manage relationships between the Company and any joint venture partners.
2.5. Accounting and Administrative. The Manager shall:
2.5.1. Maintain the books and records of the Company;
2.5.2. Manage, perform, and/or supervise the various administrative functions necessary for the day-to-day operations of the Company;
2.5.3. Provide or arrange for administrative services, legal services, office space, office furnishings, personnel and other overhead items necessary and incidental to the Company’s business and operations;
2.5.4. Collect, maintain, and distribute information as required by law;
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2.5.5. Oversee tax and compliance services and risk management services and coordinate with appropriate third parties, including independent accountants and other consultants, on related tax matters;
2.5.6. Maintain appropriate technology systems for the operations of the Company;
2.5.7. Make, change, and revoke such tax elections on behalf of the Company as the Manager deems appropriate, including, without limitation, (i) making an election be treated as a REIT or to revoke such status, and (ii) making an election to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
2.5.8. Comply with the requirements of all governmental agencies, including the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
2.5.9. Oversee all reporting, record keeping, internal controls and similar matters in a manner to allow the Company to comply with applicable law.
2.6. Member Services. The Manager shall (i) manage and coordinate distributions and payments to Members; (ii) manage and coordinate communications with Members; (iii) distribute reports, updates, and other information to Members; (iv) handle redemption requests from Members; and (v) provide services in the nature of investor relations.
2.7. Miscellaneous Services. In addition to the services enumerated above, the Manager shall perform such services on behalf of the Company as it deems necessary or advisable in its capacity as the sole manager of the Company.
2.8. Restrictions on Manager. The Manager shall refrain from any action which would (i) adversely affect the status of the Company or, if applicable, any subsidiary of the Company, as a REIT; (ii) violate any material law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any such subsidiary; or (iii) not be permitted by the Governing Instruments.
2.9. Engagement of Third Parties.
2.9.1. In General. The Manager may retain, for and on behalf of the Company, the services of third parties (including Affiliates of the Manager), including, without limitation, accountants, legal counsel, appraisers, insurers, brokers, dealers, transfer agents, registrars, developers, investment banks, financial advisors, banks and other lenders and others as the Manager deems reasonably necessary or advisable in connection with the management and operations of the Company. The costs and expenses related to the retention of third parties shall be the sole cost and expense of the Company except to the extent the third party is retained to perform obligations of the Manager or the costs and expenses are not reimbursable pursuant to section 7.1.
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2.9.2. Affiliates. The Manager shall have the right to cause any of its services under this Agreement to be rendered by the Manager’s employees or Affiliates of the Manager. The Company shall pay or reimburse the Manager or its Affiliates (subject to the foregoing approval) for the reasonable and actually incurred cost and expense of performing such services by the Affiliate, including, without limitation, back office support services specifically requested by the Company if the costs and expenses of such Affiliate would have been reimbursable under this Agreement if such Affiliate were an unaffiliated third party, or if such service had been performed by the Manager itself.
3. Other Activities of the Manager. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Manager or its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees, from providing services similar to those it provides for the Company to other businesses, including but not limited to other REITs. The Company acknowledges that the Manager will not be performing services on behalf of the Company on a full-time basis but will instead devote such time to the business of the Company as the Manager determines in its sole discretion. Further, the Company acknowledges that the advice given to the Company by the Manager could be different than the advice given by the Manager to other persons, depending on the circumstances. The Company shall be entitled to equitable – but not preferential – treatment in receiving information, recommendations, and any other services.
4. Bank Accounts. The Manager shall establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in the name of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, and shall collect and deposit into any such account or accounts, and disburse funds from any such account or accounts in a manner consistent with this Agreement, including, without limitation, the payment of fees to the Manager. The Manager shall not comingle with funds of the Company with those of any other Person, including the Manager or any of its Affiliates.
5. Management Fee. Each month, the Manager shall be entitled to an asset management fee equal to one-sixth of one percent (0.167%) of the aggregate capital accounts of the Members on the last day of such month. Such fee shall be paid by the fifteenth (15th) day of the following month.
6. Expenses of the Manager and the Company.
6.1. Expenses of the Manager. The Manager shall be responsible for the following expenses:
6.1.1. Employment expenses of the personnel employed by the Manager, including, without limitation, salaries (base and bonuses), wages, payroll taxes, and the cost of benefit plans; and
6.1.2. Rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Manager required for the Company’s day-to-day operations, including, bookkeeping, clerical and back-office services provided by the Manager, provided, however, that the Company shall pay for supplies applicable to operations (paper, software, presentation materials, etc.).
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6.2. Expenses of the Company. The Company shall pay all of the costs and expenses of the Company and the Manager incurred solely on behalf of the Company or any subsidiary or in connection with this Agreement, other than those expenses that are specifically the responsibility of the Manager pursuant to section 6.1. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following costs and expenses of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company shall be paid by the Company:
6.2.1. Costs and expenses associated with the formation of the Company, the Manager, and their Affiliates;
6.2.2. Costs and expenses associated with the capital raising activities of the Company and its subsidiaries, including, without limitation, the costs and expenses of the preparation of the Company’s registration statements and marketing costs;
6.2.3. Costs and expenses of the Company in connection with the acquisition, disposition, financing, hedging, administration and ownership of the Company’s or any subsidiary’s investment assets, including legal fees, accounting fees, consulting fees, trustee fees, appraisal fees, insurance premiums, commitment fees, brokerage fees, guaranty fees, ad valorem taxes, costs of foreclosure, property management, maintenance, repair and improvement of property and premiums for insurance on property owned by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company;
6.2.4. Costs and expenses associated with the establishment and maintenance of any credit facilities, warehouse loans and other indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, including commitment fees, legal fees, closing and other costs;
6.2.5. Taxes and license fees applicable to the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, including interest and penalties;
6.2.6. Fees paid to and expenses of third-party advisors and independent contractors, consultants, managers and other agents engaged by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or by the Manager for the account of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company;
6.2.7. Insurance costs incurred by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company including, but not limited to, insurance paid for by the Company to insure the Manager for liabilities as a result of being the manager for the Company;
6.2.8. Custodian, transfer agent, and registrar fees and charges incurred by the Company;
6.2.9. Third-party legal, accounting and auditing fees and expenses and other similar services relating to the Company’s or any subsidiary’s operations including, without limitation, all quarterly and annual audit or tax fees and expenses;
6.2.10. Legal, expert, and other fees and expenses relating to any actions, proceedings, lawsuits, demands, causes of action and claims, whether actual or threatened, made by or against the Company, or which the Company is authorized or obligated to pay under applicable law or its Governing Instruments;
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6.2.11. Any judgment or settlement of pending or threatened proceedings (whether civil, criminal or otherwise) against the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, or which the Company is obligated to pay under applicable law or its Governing Instruments;
6.2.12. Travel and related expenses of the Manager incurred in connection with the business of the Company, including, without limitation, travel and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase, financing, refinancing, sale or other disposition of Property or other investments of the Company;
6.2.13. The expenses of organizing, modifying, or dissolving the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, costs preparatory to entering into a business or activity, and costs of winding up or disposing of a business or activity of the Company or its subsidiaries;
6.2.14. The expenses relating to distributions to Member;
6.2.15. The expenses of third parties relating to communications to Members;
6.2.16. The cost of complying with the reporting and other requirements of governmental bodies or agencies, including the cost of preparing and distributing reports to Members;
6.2.17. The expenses relating to any office or office facilities maintained by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company (exclusive of the office of the Manager and/or Affiliates of the Manager), including, without limitation, rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, and equipment;
6.2.18. Costs and expenses related to the design and maintenance of the Company’s website or sites and associated with any computer software or hardware that is used solely for the Company; and
6.2.19. All other expenses of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company that are not the responsibility of the Manager under section 6.1.
6.3. Expense Reimbursement to the Manager. Costs and expenses incurred by the Manager on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries shall be reimbursed in cash monthly to the Manager within five (5) Business Days of receipt by the Company from the Manager of a statement of such costs and expenses. Cost and expense reimbursement to the Manager shall be subject to adjustment at the end of each calendar year in connection with the annual audit of the Company.
7. Term and Termination.
7.1. In General. This Agreement shall remain in effect for as long as the Manager remains the manager of the Company pursuant to the LLC Agreement.
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7.2. Payments upon Termination. Following any termination of this Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Manager not later than five (5) Business Days after the effective date of such termination (i) all reimbursable costs and expenses permitted under the Agreement (to the extent not previously reimbursed to the Manager), if any, as of the date of the effectiveness of such termination of this Agreement; and (ii) all Management Fees accrued through the date of termination.
7.3. Action upon Termination. In connection with any termination of this Agreement, the Manager shall promptly:
7.3.1. Terminate its activities on behalf of the Company;
7.3.2. Pay over to the Company or any subsidiary of the Company all money collected and held for the account of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company by the Manager pursuant to this Agreement;
7.3.3. Deliver to the Company an accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished with respect to the Company or any subsidiary of the Company;
7.3.4. Deliver to the Company all property and documents of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company then in the custody of the Manager;
7.3.5. Assign to the Company any authorized agreements the Manager executed in its name on behalf of the Company (and obtain the counter-parties’ consent thereto); and
7.3.6. Assign to the Company all proprietary information with respect to the Company, including, without limitation, software, models, intellectual property, licenses, trade names and trademarks.
7.4. Termination of Manager’s Obligations. Upon any termination of this Agreement, the Manager shall have no further obligations or responsibilities on behalf of the Company.
7.5. Survival of Obligations. The termination of this Agreement shall not affect the rights or obligations of the parties as in effective immediately before termination, or relieve either party for a breach of this Agreement before termination.
8. Assignment. Neither the Manager nor the Company may assign its duties or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.
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9. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of Manager. The Manager hereby represents and warrants to the Company as follows:
9.1. Due Formation. The Manager is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of Delaware, has the power to own its assets and to transact the business in which it is now engaged and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing under the laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except for failures to be so qualified, authorized or licensed that could not in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Manager and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole. The Manager does not do business under any fictitious business name.
9.2. Power and Authority. The Manager has the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement and all obligations required under this Agreement and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize this Agreement on the terms and conditions hereof and the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and all obligations required under this Agreement. Except as shall have been obtained, no consent of any other person including, without limitation, stockholders and creditors of the Manager, and no license, permit, approval or authorization of, exemption by, notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any governmental authority is required by the Manager in connection with this Agreement or the execution, delivery, performance, validity or enforceability of this Agreement and all obligations required under this Agreement. This Agreement has been and each instrument or document required under this Agreement will be executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of the Manager, and this Agreement constitutes, and each instrument or document required under this Agreement when executed and delivered under this Agreement will constitute, the legally valid and binding obligation of the Manager enforceable against the Manager in accordance with its terms.
9.3. Execution, Delivery and Performance. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the documents or instruments required under this Agreement will not violate any provision of any existing law or regulation binding on the Manager, or any order, judgment, award or decree of any court, arbitrator or governmental authority binding on the Manager, or the governing instruments of, or any securities issued by, the Manager or of any mortgage, indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking to which the Manager is a party or by which the Manager or any of its assets may be bound, the violation of which would have a material adverse effect on the business operations, assets or financial condition of the Manager and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any lien on any of its property, assets or revenues pursuant to the provisions of any such mortgage indenture, lease, contract or other agreement, instrument or undertaking.
9.4. No Limitations. The personnel of the Manager providing services to the Company on the Manager’s behalf pursuant to this Agreement will be free of legal and contractual impediments to their provision of services pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
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10. Miscellaneous.
10.1. Notices. Any notice or document required or permitted to be given under this Agreement may be given by a party or by its legal counsel and shall be deemed to be given (i) one day after the date such notice is deposited with a commercial overnight delivery service with delivery fees paid, or (ii) on the date transmitted by electronic mail with written acknowledgment of receipt, to the following addresses or such other address or addresses as the parties may designate from time to time by notice satisfactory under this section:
| Company |
DF Growth REIT II, LLC 600 W. Broadway Suite 1420 San Diego, CA. 92101 investorrelations@diversyfund.com
|
| Manager |
DF Manager, LLC 600 W. Broadway Suite 1420 San Diego, CA. 92101 investorrelations@diversyfund.com |
10.2. Binding Nature of Agreement: Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns as provided in this Agreement.
10.3. Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding between the Manager and the Company with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever.
10.4. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws of California without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws. Each party hereby (i) consents to the personal jurisdiction of the California courts or the Federal courts located in or most geographically convenient to San Diego, California, (ii) agrees that all disputes arising from this Agreement shall be prosecuted in such courts, (iii) agrees that any such court shall have in personam jurisdiction over such party, (iv) consents to service of process by notice sent by regular mail to the address set forth on Schedule A and/or by any means authorized by California law, and (v) if such party is not otherwise subject to service of process in California, agrees to appoint and maintain an agent in California to accept service, and to notify the other party of the name and address of such agent.
10.5. Waiver of Jury Trial. Each party acknowledges and agrees that any controversy that may arise under this Agreement is likely to involve complicated and difficult issues and, therefore, each party irrevocably and unconditionally waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any legal action arising out of or relating to this Agreement.
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10.6. No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies. No failure to exercise and no delay in exercising, on the part of any party hereto, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law. No waiver of any provision hereunder shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.
10.7. Headings. The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed part of this Agreement.
10.8. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts of this Agreement, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories.
10.9. Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction, provided that each party can obtain substantially all of the benefits anticipated by this Agreement.
10.10. Gender. Words used herein regardless of the number and gender specifically used shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires.
10.11. Attorneys’ Fees. Should any action or other proceeding be necessary to enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement or the various transactions contemplated hereby, the prevailing party will be entitled to recover its actual reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses from the non-prevailing party.
10.12. Amendments. No amendment, modification, or waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be binding unless in writing and signed by the party against whom the operation of such amendment, modification, or waiver is sought to be enforced. The consent or approval of the Company’s stockholders shall not be required in connection with any amendment, modification or waiver.
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10.13. Force Majeure. Neither party shall be entitled to recover damages or terminate this Agreement by virtue of any delay or default in performance by the other party (other than a delay or default in the payment of money) if such delay or default is caused by Acts of God, government restrictions (including the denial or cancellation of any export or other necessary license), wars, insurrections and/or any other cause beyond the reasonable control of the party whose performance is affected; provided that the party experiencing the difficulty shall give the other prompt written notice following the occurrence of the cause relied upon, explaining the cause and its effect in reasonable detail. Dates by which performance obligations are scheduled to be met will be extended for a period of time equal to the time lost due to any delay so caused.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
| DF GROWTH REIT II, LLC | ||
| By: | DF Manager, LLC | |
| As Manager | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| As Manager | ||
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
| DF MANAGER, LLC | ||
| By: | DiversyFund, Inc. | |
| As Manager | ||
| By | /s/ Alan Lewis | |
| Alan Lewis, Chief Investment Officer | ||
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Exhibit 1A-11
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the use of our report dated September 23, 2020, on the financial statements of DF Growth REIT II, LLC as of August 6, 2020 (inception) included herein on the Regulation A Offering Circular of DF Growth REIT II, LLC on Form 1-A.
/s/ Haynie & Company
Salt Lake City, Utah
October 30, 2020
Exhibit 1A-12
|
1810 Chapel Avenue West Suite 200 Cherry Hill, N.J. 08002 (856) 382-8550 www.lexnovalaw.com |
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Markley S. Roderick, Esquire Direct Dial (856) 382-8402 mroderick@lexnovalaw.com |
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
October 30, 2020
DR Growth REIT II, LLC
600 W. Broadway
Suite 1420
San Diego, CA 92101
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to DF Growth REIT II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), in connection with the Offering Statement on Form 1-A (the “Offering Statement”) being filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Regulation A thereunder. The Offering Statement relates to the issuance and sale by the Company of up to $50,000,000 of limited liability company interests designated as “Class A Investor Shares” of the Company (the “Shares”).
We have examined such documents and such matters of fact and law that we have deemed necessary for the purpose of rendering the opinion set forth herein. As to questions of fact material to this opinion, we have relied on certificates or comparable documents of public officials and of officers and representatives of the Company. In rendering the opinion expressed below, we have assumed without verification the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies.
Based on the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications, assumptions and limitations stated herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when the Shares have been duly issued and delivered against payment therefore in accordance with the terms of the Purchase and Investment Agreement, the Shares will be validly issued, and purchasers of the Shares will have no obligation to make payments to the Company or its creditors (other than the purchase price for the Shares) or contributions to the Company or its creditors solely by reason of the purchasers’ ownership of the Shares.
We do not express any opinion herein concerning any law other than Delaware Limited Liability Company Act as in effect on the date of this letter.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 1A-12 to the Offering Circular included in the Offering Statement. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| LEX NOVA LAW LLC | ||
| By: | /s/ Markley S. Roderick | |
| Markley S. Roderick | ||
Exhibit 1A-15

Exhibit 1A-15.2
Table I. Experience Raising Funds
Offerings Closed Within the Last Four Years
| Income | Granito | Park | Balboa | |||||||||||||
| Program 1 | Program 2 | Program 3 | Program 4 | |||||||||||||
| Date Offering Closed | Open | Aug-18 | Open | Jun-17 | ||||||||||||
| Duration of Offering in Months | 12 months | 14 months | Ongoing | 6 months | ||||||||||||
| Months to Invest 90% of Amount Raised | N/A | 14 months | N/A | 6 months | ||||||||||||
| Amount Offered (and Raised) | 2,305,140 | 6,498,086 | 3,592,368 | 747,480 | ||||||||||||
| Deductions | ||||||||||||||||
| Organizational and Offering Expenses | N/A | 75,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | ||||||||||||
| Amount Available for Investment | N/A | 6,498,086 | 3,592,368 | 747,480 | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition Cost | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Price of Real Estate | N/A | 7,200,000 | 3,650,000 | 1,418,000 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of Renovations and Improvements | N/A | 1,786,786 | 1,605,729 | 858,449 | ||||||||||||
| Debt | N/A | 6,089,688 | 3,649,500 | 2,145,000 | ||||||||||||
| Percent Leverage (Debt to Cost) | N/A | 68 | % | 69 | % | 94 | % | |||||||||
| Monterey | Goshen | Summerlyn | McArthur | |||||||||||||
| Program 5 | Program 6 | Program 7 | Program 8 | |||||||||||||
| Date Offering Closed | May-17 | N/A | Aug-19 | Jun-20 | ||||||||||||
| Duration of Offering in Months | 9 months | N/A | 6 months | 4 months | ||||||||||||
| Months to Invest 90% of Amount Raised | 9 months | N/A | 6 months | 4 months | ||||||||||||
| Amount Offered (and Raised) | 1,100,000 | 99,000 | 3,768,464 | 4,937,449 | ||||||||||||
| Deductions | ||||||||||||||||
| Organizational and Offering Expenses | 40,000 | N/A | 45,274 | 46,274 | ||||||||||||
| Amount Available for Investment | 1,100,000 | N/A | 3,768,464 | 4,937,449 | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition Cost | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Price of Real Estate | 1,250,000 | 1,095,101 | 7,950,000 | 9,675,000 | ||||||||||||
| Cost of Renovations and Improvements | 4,713,182 | 822,626 | 1,100,000 | 350,000 | ||||||||||||
| Debt | 5,574,514 | 1,890,315 | 6,250,000 | 6,280,000 | ||||||||||||
| Percent Leverage (Debt to Cost) | 93 | % | 99 | % | 69 | % | 63 | % | ||||||||
| Blvd West | Woodside | |||||||
| Program 9 | Program 10 | |||||||
| Date Offering Closed | Jul-20 | Sep-20 | ||||||
| Duration of Offering in Months | 4 months | 4 months | ||||||
| Months to Invest 90% of Amount Raised | 4 months | 4 months | ||||||
| Amount Offered (and Raised) | 5,874,290 | 3,664,266 | ||||||
| Deductions | ||||||||
| Organizational and Offering Expenses | 29,526 | 23,040 | ||||||
| Amount Available for Investment | 5,874,290 | 3,664,266 | ||||||
| Acquisition Cost | ||||||||
| Purchase Price of Real Estate | 12,815,000 | 8,500,000 | ||||||
| Cost of Renovations and Improvements | 290,000 | 750,000 | ||||||
| Debt | 8,350,000 | 6,000,000 | ||||||
| Percent Leverage (Debt to Cost) | 64 | % | 65 | % | ||||
Table II. Compensation to Sponsor During Last Four Years
| Income | Granito | Park | Balboa | |||||||||||||
| Program 1 | Program 2 | Program 3 | Program 4 | |||||||||||||
| Date Offering Closed | Open | Aug-18 | Open | Jun-17 | ||||||||||||
| Amount Raised | 2,305,140 | 6,498,086 | 3,592,368 | 747,480 | ||||||||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Offering Proceeds | ||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition Fees | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | - | 75,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | ||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Development Fees | - | 1,050,000 | 157,500 | 79,200 | ||||||||||||
| Property Management Fees | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Partnership Management Fees | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | - | - | 35,000 | |||||||||||||
| Leasing Commissions | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Gross Sales and Refinancings of Property date Offering Closed | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Commissions | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Disposition Fees | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Refinancing Fees | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Other | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Monterey | Goshen | Summerlyn | McArthur | |||||||||||||
| Program 5 | Program 6 | Program 7 | Program 8 | |||||||||||||
| Date Offering Closed | May-17 | N/A | Aug-19 | Jun-20 | ||||||||||||
| Amount Raised | 1,100,000 | 99,000 | 3,768,464 | 4,937,449 | ||||||||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Offering Proceeds | ||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition Fees | 540,088 | 549,842 | ||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | 40,000 | - | 45,274 | 46,274 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 35 | |||||||||||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Operations | ||||||||||||||||
| Development Fees | 97,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Property Management Fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Partnership Management Fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | ||||||||||||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Leasing Commissions | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Sales and Refinancings of Property date Offering Closed | ||||||||||||||||
| Commissions | ||||||||||||||||
| Disposition Fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Refinancing Fees | ||||||||||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Blvd West | Woodside | |||||||
| Program 9 | Program 10 | |||||||
| Date Offering Closed | Jul-20 | Sep-20 | ||||||
| Amount Raised | 5,874,290 | 3,664,266 | ||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Offering Proceeds | ||||||||
| Acquisition Fees | 927,000 | 590,313 | ||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | 29,526 | 23,040 | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Fees Paid to Sponsor from Operations | ||||||||
| Development Fees | ||||||||
| Property Management Fees | ||||||||
| Partnership Management Fees | ||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | ||||||||
| Reimbursement of Expenses | ||||||||
| Leasing Commissions | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Gross Sales and Refinancings of Property date Offering Closed | ||||||||
| Commissions | ||||||||
| Disposition Fees | ||||||||
| Refinancing Fees | ||||||||
| Distributions of "Promoted Interest" | ||||||||
| Other | ||||||||
2
Table III. Operating Results
| Fiscal Year Ended | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||||||||
| 2018 | 2019 | |||||||||||
| Goshen | Goshen | Summerlyn | ||||||||||
| Program 6 | Program 6 | Program 7 | ||||||||||
| Gross Revenues | 67,564 | 127,036 | 444,144 | |||||||||
| Profit on Sale of Operations | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Operating Expenses | (2,579 | ) | (22,141 | ) | (269,713 | ) | ||||||
| Interest Expense | (9,365 | ) | (127,851 | ) | (117,420 | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation & Amortization | - | (54,712 | ) | (288,127 | ) | |||||||
| Net Income | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| Taxable Income | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| From Operations | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| From Gain of Sale | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash Generated from Operations | 55,620 | (22,957 | ) | 57,011 | ||||||||
| Cash Generated from Sales | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash Generated from Refinancing | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash Generated from Operations, Sales, Refinancing | 55,620 | (22,957 | ) | 57,011 | ||||||||
| Cash Distributions to Investors | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Cash Generated after Distributions | 55,620 | (22,957 | ) | 57,011 | ||||||||
| Federal Income Tax Results | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary Income (Loss) | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| From Operations | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| From Recapture | ||||||||||||
| Capital Gain (loss) | 55,620 | (77,669 | ) | (231,116 | ) | |||||||
| Cash Distributions to Investors | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Investment Income | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Return of Capital | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Amount Remaining in Program | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||
| Fiscal Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Goshen | Summerlyn | McArthur | Blvd West | |||||||||||||
| Program 6 | Program 7 | Program 8 | Program 9 | |||||||||||||
| Gross Revenues | 68,768 | 898,377 | 249,737 | 137,408 | ||||||||||||
| Profit on Sale of Operations | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | (1,773 | ) | (239,367 | ) | (162,538 | ) | (21,806 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest Expense | (85,234 | ) | (303,644 | ) | (21,588 | ) | (34 | ) | ||||||||
| Depreciation & Amortization | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Net Income | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| Taxable Income | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| From Operations | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| From Gain of Sale | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Cash Generated from Operations | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| Cash Generated from Sales | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Cash Generated from Refinancing | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Cash Generated from Operations, Sales, Refinancing | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| Cash Distributions to Investors | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Cash Generated after Distributions | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| Federal Income Tax Results | ||||||||||||||||
| Ordinary Income (Loss) | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| From Operations | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| From Recapture | ||||||||||||||||
| Capital Gain (loss) | (18,239 | ) | 355,366 | 65,611 | 115,567 | |||||||||||
| Cash Distributions to Investors | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Investment Income | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Return of Capital | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Amount Remaining in Program | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||
3
Table IV. Completed Programs
Programs that Have Completed Operations Within the Last Five Years
| Balboa | ||||
| Program 4 | ||||
| Date Offering Closed | 6/19/2017 | |||
| Amount Offered and Raised | 747,480 | |||
| Cost of Real Estate Purchased | 1,418,000 | |||
| Cost of Renovations | 858,449 | |||
| Date Property Was Sold | 1/11/2018 | |||
| Net Proceeds of Sale | (80,478 | ) | ||
| Total Distributions to Investors Per $10,000 Invested* | 11,800 | |||
| IRR To Investors Over Life of Program | 18 | % | ||
| * | Based on investor who invested for 12 months |
4
Table V. Sales of Property Within Last Four Years
| Balboa | ||||
| Program 4 | ||||
| Date Property Purchased | 2/13/2017 | |||
| Date Property Sold | 1/11/2018 | |||
| Sold to Related Party | No | |||
| Total Cost of Property, Including Improvements | 3,360,478 | |||
| Gross Selling Price of Property | 3,280,000 | |||
| Net Proceeds After Costs | (80,478 | ) | ||
| Original Mortgage Financing | 2,145,000 | |||
| Mortgage Balance At Time of Sale | 2,145,000 | |||
5
Table VI. Purchases of Property Within Last Three Years
| Granito | Park | Monterey | ||||||||||
| Program 2 | Program 3 | Program 5 | ||||||||||
| Date Property Purchased | 4/3/2018 | 6/29/2017 | 9/30/2016 | |||||||||
| Type of Property | single family | multi-family | single family | |||||||||
| Location | Los Angeles, CA | San Diego, CA | Monterey, CA | |||||||||
| Gross Square Feet (when completed) | 14,350 | 71,037 | 6,691 | |||||||||
| Contract Purchase Price + Acquisition Fee | 7,200,000 | 3,650,000 | 1,250,000 | |||||||||
| Mortgage Financing | 4,750,000 | 3,247,000 | 1,035,237 | |||||||||
| Goshen | Summerlyn | McArthur | ||||||||||
| Program 6 | Program 7 | Program 8 | ||||||||||
| Date Property Purchased | 10/17/2016 | 8/29/2019 | 6/3/2020 | |||||||||
| Type of Property | student housing | multi-family | multi-family | |||||||||
| Location | San Diego, CA | Killeen, TX | Fayetteville, NC | |||||||||
| Gross Square Feet (when completed) | 3,717 | 152,000 | 149,000 | |||||||||
| Contract Purchase Price + Acquisition Fee | 1,095,101 | 8,490,088 | 10,224,842 | |||||||||
| Mortgage Financing | 1,171,625 | 6,250,000 | 6,280,000 | |||||||||
| Blvd West | Woodside | |||||||
| Program 9 | Program 10 | |||||||
| Date Property Purchased | 7/27/2020 | 9/2/2020 | ||||||
| Type of Property | multi-family | multi-family | ||||||
| Location | Greenville, NC | Highland, UT | ||||||
| Gross Square Feet (when completed) | 166,100 | 47,100 | ||||||
| Contract Purchase Price + Acquisition Fee | 13,742,000 | 9,090,313 | ||||||
| Mortgage Financing | 8,350,000 | 6,000,000 | ||||||
6
Exhibit 1A-15.3
|
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 |
November 24, 2020
Craig Cecilio
Chief Executive Officer
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
750 B Street, Suite 1930
San Diego, CA 92101
| Re: | DF Growth REIT II, LLC |
Draft
Offering Statement on Form 1-A
Submitted November 2, 2020
CIK No. 0001824154
Dear Mr. Cecilio:
We have reviewed your draft offering statement and have the following comments. In some of our comments, we may ask you to provide us with information so we may better understand your disclosure.
Please respond to this letter by providing the requested information and either submitting an amended draft offering statement or publicly filing your offering statement on EDGAR. Please refer to Rule 252(d) regarding the public filing requirements for non-public submissions, amendments and correspondence. If you do not believe our comments apply to your facts and circumstances or do not believe an amendment is appropriate, please tell us why in your response. After reviewing your amended draft offering statement or filed offering statement and the information you provide in response to these comments, we may have additional comments.
Draft Offering Statement on Form 1-A
Forum Selection Provision, page 10
| 1. | Both your Investment Agreement and Limited Liability Company agreement refer to courts in California as an exclusive forum and not Delaware as you indicate in your disclosure. Please revise accordingly. Please disclose clearly whether these exclusive forum provisions apply to actions arising under the Securities Act or Exchange Act. If so, please also state that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision. |
Craig Cecilio
DF Growth REIT II, LLC
November 24, 2020
Page 2
| 2. | We note that Section 12.3 of your limited Liability Company agreement provides that "if such Member is not otherwise subject to service of process in California, agrees to appoint and maintain an agent in California to accept service, and to notify the Company of the name and address of such agent" and Section 8 of the Investment Agreement contains a similar provision. Please disclose this requirement in your offering circular and explain the consequences of a failure to appoint an agent in California. Add appropriate risk factor disclosure. |
Past Performance, page 23
| 3. | We note your disclosure in Exhibit 15.2 regarding the performance of your programs. Please tell us how you determined the IRR of 18% for the Balboa Program given you appear to have sold the property at a loss of $80,478. |
Fees , page 30
| 4. | Please disclose the estimated dollar amount of acquisition/sponsor fees, assuming the maximum amount is raised and assuming you utilize your target leverage, or advise us why you are unable to calculate such fees at this time. Please refer to Item 4.B of Industry Guide 5. |
Signatures, page 59
| 5. | The signatures should identify each capacity in which the offering statement is being signed including the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Please revise. See Form 1-A Instructions to Signatures. |
Please contact Ruairi Regan at 202-551-3269 or Brigitte Lippmann at 202-551-3713 with any questions.
| Sincerely, | |
| Division of Corporation Finance Office of Real Estate & Construction |
| cc: | Mark Roderick, Esq. |
|
1810 Chapel Avenue West Suite 200 Cherry Hill, N.J. 08002 (856) 382-8550 www.lexnovalaw.com |
|
Markley S. Roderick, Esquire Member of the NJ and PA Bar Direct Dial (856) 382-8402 mroderick@lexnovalaw.com |
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
December 15, 2020
Filed Via EDGAR with copy by email
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Real Estate and Construction
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
| Re: | DF Growth REIT II, LLC |
Draft Offering Statement on Form 1-A
Submitted November 2, 2020
CIK No. 0001824154
Dear Sir/Madam:
This is in response to your letter of November 24, 2020. We have copied below the comments from your letter and provided the company’s response below each comment.
Also enclosed are clean and blacklined versions of the Offering Circular, the LLC Agreement, and the Investment Agreement, reflecting the changes we have made in response to your comments.
This letter, the Offering Circular, and the related documents have also been filed through EDGAR.
Your Comment #1 – Draft Offering Statement on Form 1-A – Forum Selection Provision, page 10
Both your Investment Agreement and Limited Liability Company agreement refer to courts in California as an exclusive forum and not Delaware as you indicate in your disclosure. Please revise accordingly. Please disclose clearly whether these exclusive forum provisions apply to actions arising under the Securities Act or Exchange Act. If so, please also state that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision.
Our Response:
We have revised the language in the Offering Circular.
Your Comment #2 – Draft Offering Statement on Form 1-A – Forum Selection Provision, page 10
We note that Section 12.3 of our Limited Liability Company agreement provides that “if such Member is not otherwise subject to service of process in California, agrees to appoint and maintain an agent in California to accept service, and to notify the company of the name and address of such agent” and Section 8 of the Investment Agreement contains a similar provision. Please disclose this requirement in your offering circular and explain the consequences of a failure to appoint an agent in California. Add appropriate risk factor disclosure.
Our Response:
We have removed that clause from both the Limited Liability Company Agreement and the Investment Agreement.
Your Comment #3 – Past Performance, page 23
We note your disclosure in Exhibit 15.2 regarding the performance of your programs. Please tell us how you determined the IRR of 18% for the Balboa Program given you appear to have sold the property at a loss of $80,478.
Our Response:
Investors received preferred equity. Hence, they received an 18% IRR while the Sponsor absorbed the loss.
Your Comment #4 – Fees, page 30
Please disclose the estimated dollar amount of acquisition/sponsor fees, assuming the maximum amount is raised and assuming you utilize your target leverage, or advise us why you are unable to calculate such fees at this time. Please refer to Item 4.B of Industry Guide 5.
Our Response:
We have added estimates.
Your Comment #5 – Signature, page 59
The signatures should identify each capacity in which the offering statement is being signed including the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Please revise. See Form 1-A Instruction to Signatures.
Our Response:
The signature pages does indicate the capacity of each officer. Neither the issuer itself nor DiversyFund, Inc. has a principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.
Thank you for your continued attention to this matter. Please let me know if you have further questions or need additional information.
| Very truly yours, | |
| Lex Nova Law, LLC | |
| Markley S. Roderick |
MSR/jae
Enclosure
cc: Craig Cecilio (w/o encl.)
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