SEC Connect
AN OFFERING STATEMENT PURSUANT
TO REGULATION A RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
THIS PRELIMINARY OFFERING CIRCULAR IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR
AMENDMENT. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY OFFERS TO BUY
BE ACCEPTED BEFORE THE OFFERING STATEMENT FILED WITH THE COMMISSION
IS QUALIFIED. THIS PRELIMINARY OFFERING CIRCULAR SHALL NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY
NOR MAY THERE BE ANY SALES OF THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN
WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL BEFORE
REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE LAWS OF SUCH STATE. THE
COMPANY MAY ELECT TO SATISFY ITS OBLIGATION TO DELIVER A FINAL
OFFERING CIRCULAR BY SENDING YOU A NOTICE WITHIN TWO BUSINESS DAYS
AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE COMPANY’S SALE TO YOU THAT
CONTAINS THE URL WHERE THE FINAL OFFERING CIRCULAR OR THE OFFERING
STATEMENT IN WHICH SUCH FINAL OFFERING CIRCULAR WAS FILED MAY BE
OBTAINED.
PRELIMINARY OFFERING CIRCULAR DATED JANUARY 19,
2018
Bitzumi, Inc.
55 5th Avenue, Suite
1702
New York, NY 10003
646-741-9600
4,000,000 shares
of Common Stock, par value $0.0001
SEE “DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK” AT PAGE
58
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Broker-Dealer discount and commissions
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Proceeds to other persons
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Per share/unit
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$ 2.50
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0.5%
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$ 2.25
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$ 0
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Total Minimum
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$1,000,000
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$13,000
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$900,000
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$ 0
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Total Maximum
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$10,000,000
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$58,000
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$9,000,000
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$ 0
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The issuer will pay the expenses of the offering; which it
estimates to be $120,000. See “Plan of
Distribution.”
The company has engaged Sageworks Capital, LLC, member FINRA/SIPC
(the “Broker-Dealer” or “Broker”) to assist
in the placement of its securities. See “Plan of
Distribution; Selling Security Holders” for details of
compensation paid to the Broker.
$1,000,000 MINIMUM OFFERING AMOUNT (400,000 SHARES OF COMMON
STOCK).
$10,000,000 MAXIMUM OFFERING AMOUNT (4,000,000 SHARES OF COMMON
STOCK).
The company has engaged Prime Trust LLC as an escrow agent (the
“Escrow Agent”) to hold funds tendered by investors
in compliance with SEC Rules 15c2-4 and 10b-9. The
offering is being conducted on a best-efforts basis with a minimum
offering amount of $1,000,000. The offering will terminate at the
earlier of: (1) the date at which the maximum offering amount has
been sold, (2) the date which is one year from this offering being
qualified by the Commission, or (3) the date at which the offering
is earlier terminated by us in our sole discretion.
After the Offering Statement has been qualified by the Securities
and Exchange Commission, we will accept tenders of funds to
purchase the shares. The funds tendered by potential investors will
be held by Prime Trust LLC. If the minimum of $1,000,000 is not
raised, the Escrow Agent will return the funds to the investors.
See “Plan of Distribution; Investors’ Tender of
Funds.”
THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION DOES NOT PASS
UPON THE MERITS OR GIVE ITS APPROVAL OF ANY SECURITIES OFFERED OR
THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, NOR DOES IT PASS UPON THE ACCURACY OR
COMPLETENESS OF ANY OFFERING CIRCULAR OR OTHER SOLICITATION
MATERIALS. THESE SECURITIES ARE OFFERED PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION
FROM REGISTRATION WITH THE COMMISSION; HOWEVER THE COMMISSION HAS
NOT MADE AN INDEPENDENT DETERMINATION THAT THE SECURITIES OFFERED
ARE EXEMPT FROM REGISTRATION
GENERALLY NO SALE MAY BE MADE TO YOU IN THIS OFFERING IF THE
AGGREGATE PURCHASE PRICE YOU PAY IS MORE THAN 10% OF THE GREATER OF
YOUR ANNUAL INCOME OR NET WORTH. DIFFERENT RULES APPLY TO
ACCREDITED INVESTORS AND NON-NATURAL PERSONS. BEFORE MAKING ANY
REPRESENTATION THAT YOUR INVESTMENT DOES NOT EXCEED APPLICABLE
THRESHOLDS, WE ENCOURAGE YOU TO REVIEW RULE 251(d)(2)(i)(C) OF
REGULATION A. FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ON INVESTING, WE ENCOURAGE
YOU TO REFER TO www.investor.gov.
This offering is inherently risky. See “Risk Factors”
on page 9.
Sales of these securities will commence on approximately _________,
2018.
The company is following the Form S-1 format of disclosure under
Regulation A.
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In this Offering Circular, the term “Bitzumi” or
“the company” refers to Bitzumi, Inc. and its
subsidiaries.
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
THIS
OFFERING CIRCULAR MAY CONTAIN FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND
INFORMATION RELATING TO, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE COMPANY, ITS
BUSINESS PLAN AND STRATEGY, AND ITS INDUSTRY. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON THE BELIEFS OF, ASSUMPTIONS MADE BY, AND
INFORMATION CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TO THE COMPANY’S MANAGEMENT.
WHEN USED IN THE OFFERING MATERIALS, THE WORDS
“ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,”
“BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,”
“INTEND,” “EXPECT” AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS
ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS, WHICH
CONSTITUTE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE STATEMENTS REFLECT
MANAGEMENT’S CURRENT VIEWS WITH RESPECT TO FUTURE EVENTS AND
ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE THE
COMPANY’S ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE
CONTAINED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. INVESTORS ARE
CAUTIONED NOT TO PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE ON THESE FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS, WHICH SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE ON WHICH THEY ARE MADE.
THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE ANY OBLIGATION TO REVISE OR UPDATE
THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT EVENTS OR CIRCUMSTANCES
AFTER SUCH DATE OR TO REFLECT THE OCCURRENCE OF UNANTICIPATED
EVENTS.
Industry and Market Data
Although
we are responsible for all disclosure contained in this Offering
Circular, in some cases we have relied on certain market and
industry data obtained from third-party sources that we believe to
be reliable. Market estimates are calculated by using independent
industry publications in conjunction with our assumptions regarding
the Bitcoin industry and market. While we are not aware of any
misstatements regarding any market, industry or similar data
presented herein, such data involves risks and uncertainties and is
subject to change based on various factors, including those
discussed under the headings “Statement Regarding
Forward Looking Statements” and “Risk
Factors” in this Offering Circular.
OFFERING CIRCULAR SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in
this Offering Circular. This summary is not complete and does not
contain all the information that you should consider before
deciding whether to invest in our Common Stock. You should
carefully read the entire Offering Circular, including the risks
associated with an investment in the company discussed in the "Risk
Factors" section of this Offering Circular, before making an
investment decision. Some of the statements in this Offering
Circular are forward looking statements. See the section
entitled "Statement Regarding Forward Looking
Statements."
Company Information
The
company was organized on June 13, 2017 under the laws of the State
of Delaware. Our principal executive office is located at 55 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY 10003, and our telephone number is
646-741-9600. Our website address is www.bitzumi.com.
We do not incorporate the information on or accessible through our
website into this Offering Circular, and you should not consider
any information on, or that can be accessed through, our website or
that of Ebit News a part of this Offering Circular.
On July
24, 2017, we launched a beta version 1.1 of www.bitzumi.com to test our
exchange and wallet on a limited basis. On September 22, 2017, we
registered with FinCen as a money services business and are in the
process of obtaining licenses as a money transmitter business in
each of the 50 states. We anticipate having a public launch of
www.bitzumi.com by
early 2018.
On July
24, 2017, we launched a beta version of www.ebitnews.com to develop a
cryptocurrency publication business.
Our Business
Bitzumi
is a vertically-integrated Bitcoin exchange and marketplace. Our
mission is to drive growth to the cryptocurrency industry. We
plan to launch our business divisions with a phased approach.
Initially, our primary focus will be to develop a publishing and
marketing company to educate potential Bitzumi exchange/wallet
consumers, and to gain name recognition. We intend to deliver users
to Bitzumi’s and affiliates’ crypto-related offerings
and products. Ultimately, we intend for our primary product to be
our cryptocurrency exchange and digital storage on www.bitzumi.com.
We also plan to develop various educational and information
products and newsletters focusing on the cryptocurrency
industry.
Below
is an overview of the Bitzumi’s corporate
structure.
We
anticipate implementing a two-phased approach to our business
model. Phase I is to focus on developing an online presence to
direct users and traffic to our targeted crypto-related
products. In Phase II
(following the public launch of our exchange), we plan to evaluate
blockchain technologies and other growth initiatives, including
developing our Bitzumi Coins division. Since we believe the most
prominent use case for blockchain technologies is digital
currencies, we expect to create special purpose coins for
particular industries as our focus in Phase II. We anticipate
continuing to evaluate other blockchain technology opportunities,
as well as technologies that are complementary to our business
strategy in an effort to minimize risks and enhance shareholder
value. This will include evaluating opportunities that diversify
our revenue streams, provide other consumer services and provide
on-ramps for new users.
Below
is an illustration our business model:
Our Products
Phase I: Publication / News Portal
Our
publication business is intended to educate consumers on
cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. It is expected to
function as a news aggregation site as well as publishing original
content. On June 27, 2017, we launched beta version of the site at
www.ebitnews.com.
We plan to acquire and/or partner with other news portals to become
the leading news and information publisher for the cryptocurrency
industry. Our business model anticipates initially deriving revenue
from subscriptions and to later generate revenue from marketing as
well.
On
October 4, 2017, we entered into a 50% joint venture with Ibis
Venture Partners, LLC (“Ibis Venture”) and formed
Bitzumi Publishing, LLC, a New York limited liability company
(“Bitzumi Publishing”), with the intention to market
and sell various cryptocurrency newsletters and related
informational and educational products.
On
October 9, 2017, Bitzumi Publishing partnered with Agora Financial,
LLC to market and sell a newsletter created by James Altucher, one
of our co-founders. Bitzumi Publishing’s goal is to dominate
search engine traffic in the cryptocurrency industry and drive
traffic to both our Bitzumi exchange and other product offerings,
such as subscription-based newsletters.
On January 10, 2018, Bitzumi entered into a joint venture and
servicing agreement with Acacia Research Corporation
(“Acacia”) to create a patent registration platform
using Blockchain technology. In addition, Acacia and Bitzumi have
agreed to a strategic investment by Acacia. See
“Management’s Discussion and
Analysis.”
Phase II: Exchange and Wallet
We
intend Bitzumi to be a cryptocurrency exchange that provides a
reliable and secure way to buy, sell, store, and trade to and from
the following fiat and digital currencies: US dollars
(“USD”), Bitcoin (“BTC”), Litecoin
(“LTC”), and Ethereum (“ETH”). Bitzumi is
expected to provide 24/7 access to customers’ digital wallets
as well as liquidity into USD through integration with customer
debit cards.
We
intend that Bitzumi will focus on four key elements to distinguish
itself from its competitors: security, customer support, a mix of
advanced and simple trading tools, and most importantly, liquidity.
We plan for our business model to focus on growth through customer
acquisitions and marketing of our platform.
Payment Processing and Escrow
We plan
to develop processing and escrow technology to facilitate the use
of cryptocurrency in various industries. The platform is under
development and we anticipate that it will be launched in
2018.
Market Overview
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin
Bitcoins,
Ethereum, and Litecoins are cryptocurrency, or digital commodities
that are based on an open source protocol. Cryptocurrency is not
issued by any government, bank, or central organization, but
instead exists on an online, peer-to-peer computer network.
Each cryptocurrency has its own network (such as the Bitcoin
Network, the Ethereum Network, and the Litecoin Network), which
hosts a public transaction ledger where its respective
cryptocurrency (respectively, Bitcoin, Ether, and Litecoin)
transfers are recorded (the “Blockchain”). The
Blockchain is a public record of the creation, custody, and flow of
funds of cryptocurrency, and shows every transaction effected on
the Blockchain among users’ online “digital
wallets.” Digital wallets store cryptocurrency, and
cryptocurrency may be sent or received through users’ digital
wallets by using public and private keys that are part of the
particular cryptocurrency’s network’s cryptographic
security mechanism.
Software
is used to access the cryptocurrency networks, and to create, move,
and own cyrptocurrency. Bitcoins, Ether, and Litecoins have no
physical existence beyond the record of transactions on the
Blockchain.
Bitcoin History
The
first decentralized cryptocurrency was Bitcoin, which was created
in 2009. Bitcoin is still the most prominent cryptocurrency today.
The Bitcoin Network is a recent technological innovation, and the
Bitcoins that are created, transferred, used, and stored by
entities and individuals have certain features associated with
several types of assets, most notably commodities, securities, and
currencies. Many U.S. regulators, including the Financial Crimes
Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury
(“FinCEN”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”), the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
(“CFTC”), the U.S. Internal Revenue Service
(“IRS”), and state regulators, including the New York
Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”), have made
official pronouncements or issued guidance or rules regarding the
treatment of Bitcoins and other digital currencies, and may offer
additional guidance or rules in the future. Other U.S. and state
agencies have not made official pronouncements or issued guidance
or rules regarding the treatment of Bitcoins. The treatment of
Bitcoins and other digital currencies is often uncertain or
contradictory in other countries. The regulatory uncertainty
surrounding the treatment of Bitcoins and similar cryptocurrencies
creates risks for the company. See “Risk Factors Related to
Regulation.”
The Offering
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Issuer:
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Bitzumi,
Inc.
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Securities offered by the company:
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Common
Stock, par value $0.0001
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Securities offered by selling stockholders:
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None
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Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding before the
offering:
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111,076,211
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Number of shares of Common Stock to be outstanding after the
offering:
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115,076,211
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Price per share:
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$2.50
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Minimum offering amount:
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$1,000,000
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Maximum offering amount:
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$10,000,000
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Use of proceeds:
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We
intend to use the proceeds towards offering expenses, software
development, marketing and advertising, licensing and regulatory
compliance, operational and customer support, public company and
corporate costs, research and development and other application
development, and working capital.
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Risk factors
Risk Factors Related to the company
●
We have an evolving
business model.
●
We have a limited
operating history and a history of operating losses, and expect to
incur significant additional operating losses.
●
We may need to
secure additional financing.
●
Any valuation at
this stage is difficult to assess.
●
Any inability to
attract and retain additional personnel could affect our ability to
successfully grow our business.
●
Loss of employees
or contractors could affect our ability to successfully grow our
business.
●
State licensing
procedures are lengthy and expensive.
●
We may need to
implement additional finance and accounting systems, procedures and
controls as we grow our business and organization and to satisfy
new reporting requirements.
●
Our auditors have
issued a “going concern” audit opinion.
●
We have not
conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting and will not be required to do so
until we are a public company. If we are unable to implement and
maintain effective internal control over financial reporting
investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of
our financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock may
be negatively affected.
●
Conflicts of
interest may occur.
●
Our stock price may
be volatile.
●
We have not paid
cash dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in
the future. Any return on investment may be limited to the value of
our Common Stock.
●
There is currently
no trading market for our Common Stock and we cannot ensure that
one will ever develop or be sustained.
●
You will experience
future dilution as a result of future equity
offerings.
●
We may be unable to
protect our proprietary technology or keep up with that of our
competitors.
●
We may not be able
to obtain trademark protection for our marks, which could impede
our efforts to build brand identity.
●
We may be accused
of infringing intellectual property rights of third
parties.
●
Implications of
Being an Emerging Growth Company As an emerging growth company, we
intend to take advantage of all of reduced reporting requirements
and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the
adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under the
JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it
difficult to compare our financial statements to those of
non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies
that have opted out of the phase-in periods.
Risk Factors Related to Cryptocurrency Networks and
Cryptocurrency
●
The value of
cryptocurrency and fluctuations in the price of cryptocurrency
could materially and adversely affect the business and investment
in the company.
●
The loss or
destruction of a private key required to access cryptocurrency may
be irreversible. Our loss of access to our private keys or our
experience of a data loss relating to the cryptocurrency we hold
could adversely affect an investment in our company.
●
We depend on third
parties to provide execution of our trading platform, Internet,
telecommunication and fiber optic network connectivity to the
customers in our data centers, and any delays or disruptions in
service could adversely affect an investment in us.
●
Power outages,
limited availability of electrical resources, and increased energy
costs could adversely affect our business.
●
The further
development and acceptance of cryptocurrency networks, which
represents a new and rapidly changing industry, are subject to a
variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing or
stopping of the development or acceptance of digital currency
systems may adversely affect our business.
●
Currently, there is
relatively small use of cryptocurrency in the retail and commercial
marketplace in comparison to relatively large use by speculators,
thus contributing to price volatility that could adversely affect
an investment in us.
●
The acceptance of
Bitcoin network, Ethereum network, or Litecoin network software
patches or upgrades by a significant, but not overwhelming,
percentage of the users and miners in the respective networks could
result in a “fork” in the Blockchain, resulting in the
operation of two separate networks until such time as the forked
Blockchains are merged. The temporary or permanent existence of
forked Blockchains could adversely impact an investment in
us.
●
The open-source
structure of cryptocurrency network protocol means that the Core
Developers and other contributors to the protocol are generally not
directly compensated for their contributions in maintaining and
developing the protocol. A failure to properly monitor and upgrade
the protocol could damage the cryptocurrency network and an
investment in us.
●
If the awards of
cryptocurrency for solving blocks and transaction fees for
recording transactions are not sufficiently high to incentivize
miners, miners may respond in a way that reduces confidence in the
cryptocurrency networks, which could adversely affect an investment
in our company.
●
To the extent that
any miners cease to record transactions in solved blocks,
transactions that do not include the payment of a transaction fee
will not be recorded on the Blockchain until a block is solved by a
miner who does not require the payment of transaction fees. Any
widespread delays in the recording of transactions could result in
a loss of confidence in the cryptocurrency networks, which could
adversely impact an investment in us.
●
Intellectual
property rights claims may adversely affect the operation of
cryptocurrency networks.
●
The cryptocurrency
exchanges on which cryptocurrency trade are relatively new and, in
most cases, largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed
to fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges for
other products. To the extent that the cryptocurrency exchanges
representing a substantial portion of the volume in cryptocurrency
trading are involved in fraud or experience security failures or
other operational issues, such cryptocurrency exchanges’
failures may result in a reduction in the price of cryptocurrency
and can adversely affect an investment in us.
●
Our ability to
adopt technology in response to changing security needs or trends
poses a challenge to the safekeeping of our
cryptocurrency.
●
Security threats to
us could result in a loss of company’s cryptocurrency, or
damage to our reputation and our brand, each of which could
adversely affect an investment in us.
●
Cryptocurrency
transactions are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred
cryptocurrency may be irretrievable. As a result, any incorrectly
executed cryptocurrency transactions could render company liable to
lawsuits or criminal charges to the extent company facilitates bad
transactions, and thus, adversely affect an investment in
us.
●
Our cryptocurrency
may be subject to loss, damage, theft, or restriction on
access.
●
A loss of
confidence in our security system, or a breach of our security
system, may adversely affect us and the value of an investment in
us.
●
The limited rights
of legal recourse against us, and our lack of insurance protection
expose us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our
cryptocurrency for which no person is liable.
●
Cryptocurrency held
by us are not subject to FDIC or SIPC protections.
●
We may not have
adequate sources of recovery if our cryptocurrency is lost, stolen,
or destroyed.
●
Political or
economic crises may motivate large-scale sales of cryptocurrency,
which could result in a reduction in cryptocurrency value and
adversely affect an investment in us.
●
The sale of our
cryptocurrency to pay expenses at a time of low cryptocurrency
prices could adversely affect an investment in us.
Risk Factors
Related to Publication Business
●
The further
development and acceptance of cryptocurrency, which represent a new
and rapidly changing industry, are subject to a variety of factors
that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing or stopping of the
development or acceptance of cryptocurrencies may adversely
affect our newsletter and an investment in our
company.
●
We face significant
competition across the media landscape, including from magazine
publishers, digital publishers, social media platforms, search
platforms, portals and digital marketing services, among others,
which we expect will continue, and as a result we may not be able
to maintain or improve our operating results.
●
Service disruptions
or failures of our or our vendors’ information systems and
networks as a result of computer viruses, misappropriation of data
or other malfeasance, natural disasters (including extreme
weather), accidental releases of information or other similar
events, may disrupt our business, damage our reputation or have a
negative impact on our results of operations.
●
Our business may
suffer if we cannot protect our intellectual
property.
●
Technology in the
media industry continues to evolve rapidly.
●
We face significant
competition. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have
larger customer bases, more established brand recognition and
greater financial, marketing, technological, and personnel
resources than we do, which could put us at a competitive
disadvantage. Additionally, some of our competitors and potential
competitors are better capitalized than we are and able to obtain
capital more easily, which could put us at a competitive
disadvantage.
●
Failure to maintain
our reputation for trustworthiness may harm our
business.
●
We rely heavily on
joint ventures for the success of our publication business, thus,
any problem with our joint venture relationships could have an
adverse impact on our business.
Risk Factors Related to Regulation
●
U.S. and
international regulatory changes or actions may restrict the use of
or impose heightened regulatory burdens on cryptocurrency or the
operation of cryptocurrency network based on currency, securities,
or commodities regulations in a manner that adversely affects an
investment in us.
●
It may be illegal
now, or in the future, to acquire, own, hold, sell or use
cryptocurrency in one or more countries, and ownership of, holding
or trading in or company’s securities may also be considered
illegal and subject to sanction.
●
Our business of
converting cryptocurrencies to US dollars and vice versa require
our registration as a “money services business” under
the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the US
Bank Secrecy Act, and require the licensing or other registration
as a money transmitter (or equivalent designation) under state law
in any state in which we plan to operate. This process is lengthy
and expensive, and any delays could delay commencing operations and
cost additional money, which may have an adverse impact on the
operation of our company and investment in our
company.
●
If federal or state
legislatures or agencies initiate or release tax determinations
that change the classification of cryptocurrency as property for
tax purposes, such determination could have a negative tax
consequence on our company, and adversely affect investment in
us.
●
Legislative and
regulatory developments, including with respect to privacy, could
adversely affect our business.
Summary Financial Information
The
following table summarizes the relevant financial data for our
business and should be read with our financial statements, which
are included in this prospectus. We have not had any significant
operations to date, so only balance sheet data is
presented.
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Balance
Sheet Data:
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Working capital
(1)
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$384,249
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$10,326,249
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Total
assets(2)
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401,332
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10,401,332
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Total
liabilities(3)
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-
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58,000
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Shareholders’
equity(4)
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401,332
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10,343,332
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(1)
The “as
adjusted” calculation includes $10,000,000 cash from the
proceeds of this offering if the maximum amount is raised, plus
$401,332 of actual shareholders’ equity as of September 30,
2017, less $58,000 of deferred underwriting
commissions.
(2)
The “as
adjusted” calculation includes $10,000,000 net cash from the
proceeds of this offering, plus $401,332 of actual
shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2017.
(3)
The “as
adjusted” calculation includes $58,000 of deferred
underwriting commissions.
(4)
The “as
adjusted” calculation.
(5)
The “as
adjusted” column gives effect to the “maximum offering
amount” of $10,000,000.
The SEC
requires the company to identify risks that are specific to its
business and its financial condition. The company is still subject
to all the same risks that all companies in its business, and all
companies in the economy, are exposed to. These include risks
relating to economic downturns, political and economic events and
technological developments. Additionally, early-stage companies are
inherently riskier than more developed companies. You should
consider general risks as well as specific risks when deciding
whether to invest.
Risk Factors Related to the Company
We have an evolving business model.
As
digital currencies and blockchain technologies evolve, so will our
business model. We may continue to try to offer additional types of
products or services, and we cannot offer any assurance that any of
them will be successful. From time to time we may also modify
aspects of our business model relating to our product mix and
service offerings. We cannot offer any assurance that these or any
other modifications will be successful or will not result in harm
to the business. We may not be able to manage growth effectively,
which could damage our reputation, limit our growth, and negatively
affect our operating results.
We have a limited operating history and a history of operating
losses, and expect to incur significant additional operating
losses.
We have
a limited operating history. Therefore, there is no historical
financial information on which to base an evaluation of our
performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the
uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficulties frequently
encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We
have generated net losses of $51,167 for the period from June 13,
2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017. We expect to incur
significant additional losses over the next 12 months as we
continue to maintain and expand our existing operations. The amount
of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability
are uncertain. If we are unsuccessful at executing on our business
plan, our business, prospects, and results of operations may be
materially adversely affected.
We
are likely to need to secure additional financing.
We anticipate that we will incur operating losses for the
foreseeable future. Our historical cash burn rate for the period
from June 13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017 was on
average approximately $14,000 per month, which included costs
associated with the build out of our exchange platform. As a
result, we expect that the cash we currently have on hand will fund
our operations through April 2018. As of September 30, 2017, we had
a cash position equal to $259,249. We are likely to require
additional funds for our anticipated operations and further
expansion and if we are not successful in securing additional
financing, we may be required to delay significantly, reduce the
scope of or eliminate one or more of our business activities,
downsize our general and administrative infrastructure, or seek
alternative measures to avoid insolvency. It is possible that
future offerings will be at a different valuation, especially if an
investor is a strategic investor and/or is willing to invest a
significant amount of funds.
Any valuation at this stage is difficult to assess.
The
valuation for the offering was established by the company. Unlike
listed companies that are valued publicly through market-driven
stock prices, the valuation of private companies, especially
startups, is difficult to assess and you may risk overpaying for
your investment.
Any inability to attract and retain additional personnel could
affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
Our
future success depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire,
train, retain and motivate other highly-skilled technical,
managerial, editorial, marketing and customer service personnel.
Competition for such personnel is intense. Our failure to retain
and attract the necessary technical, managerial, editorial,
marketing, and customer service personnel could harm our
business.
Loss of employees or contractors could affect our ability to
successfully grow our business.
Our
future success depends on our ability to retain certain key
employees and contractors related to software and blockchain
technology and development of proprietary content and newsletters
for our publications. Our failure to retain these relationships, or
adequately replace them in a timely manner, could harm our
business.
State licensing procedures are lengthy and expensive.
We are
required to obtain approval from federal and states regulatory
authorities to operate as a money servicer. The cost to do so may
exceed $1,000,000 and take 12-18 months to complete. We cannot
fully operate until we obtain these licenses, and any delay in
obtaining licenses could harm our business.
We may need to implement additional finance and accounting systems,
procedures and controls as we grow our business and organization
and to satisfy new reporting requirements.
We are
required to comply with a variety of reporting, accounting, and
other rules and regulations. Compliance with existing requirements
is expensive. Further requirements may increase our costs and
require additional management time and resources. We may need to
implement additional finance and accounting systems, procedures and
controls to satisfy our reporting requirements. If our internal
controls over financial reporting are determined to be ineffective,
such failure could cause investors to lose confidence in our
reported financial information, negatively affect the market price
of our Common Stock, subject us to regulatory investigations and
penalties, and adversely impact our business and financial
condition.
Our auditors have issued a “going concern” audit
opinion.
Our independent
auditors have indicated in their report on our September 30, 2017
financial statements that the company’s ability to continue
as a going concern is dependent on our ability to implement the
business plan, generate sufficient revenues, and to control
operating expenses. A “going concern” opinion indicates
that the financial statements have been prepared assuming we will
continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments to
reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and
classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of
liabilities that may result if we do not continue as a going
concern. Therefore, you should not rely on our balance sheet as an
indication of the amount of proceeds that would be available to
satisfy claims of creditors, and potentially be available for
distribution to stockholders, in the event of
liquidation.
We have not conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting and will not be required
to do so until we are a public company. If we are unable to
implement and maintain effective internal control over financial
reporting investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and
completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our
Common Stock may be negatively affected.
We hope
to list as a public company eventually, and at that time various
accounting rules applicable to public companies will apply to us.
We are uncertain that we have the procedures in place to make sure
we meet those requirements, and compliance will be a burden. If and
when required, our independent registered public accounting firm is
unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting, at that time, investors
may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our
financial reports and the market price of our Common Stock could be
negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations
by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC,
or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional
financial and management resources.
Conflicts of interest may occur.
Our
chief executive officer, Scot Cohen, is involved in oil and gas and
other companies including being the executive chairman of both
Petro River Oil Corp and Wrap Technologies. He is also the managing
member of various oil and gas related special purpose entities and
a member of the Board of Directors of True Drinks,
Inc. In the event such positions and interest results in
a conflict of interest between us and any of these other entities,
he could potentially make decisions that are not in the best
interest of the shareholders of the company.
To the
extent that such other companies may participate in ventures in
which we may desire to participate or the amount of time and
attention we require overlaps with the needs of such other
companies, Mr. Cohen may have a conflict of interest. Our
Board of Directors and Mr. Cohen will attempt to minimize such
conflicts. In determining whether or not our interests
conflict with those of Mr. Cohen, our disinterested directors will
primarily consider the potential benefits to us, the degree of risk
to which we may be exposed and its financial position at that time.
Other than as indicated, the company has no other procedures
or mechanisms to deal with conflicts of interest. It is possible
that the existence of potential conflicts or decisions made in
connection with such conflicts could adversely affect the price of
our Common Stock and could cause the price to be less than it might
have been if the conflicts did not exist or were avoided. Mr. Cohen
will split his time equally between Bitzumi and his other business
interests.
Our stock price may be volatile.
The
market price of our Common Stock, if and when trading begins, is
likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in
response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control,
including the following:
●
Changes to the
Bitcoin industry, including value of Bitcoin and demand for
Bitcoin;
●
We may not be able
to compete successfully against current and future
competitors;
●
Competitive pricing
pressures;
●
Our ability to
obtain working capital financing;
●
Additions or
departures of key personnel;
●
Sales of our Common
Stock;
●
Our ability to
execute our business plan;
●
Operating results
that fall below expectations;
●
Loss of any
strategic relationship, including our joint venture partner in
Bitzumi Publishing;
●
Regulatory
developments, particularly those affecting cryptocurrency;
and
●
Economic and other
external factors.
In
addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced
significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. These market
fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market
price of our Common Stock. As a result, you may be unable to resell
your shares at a desired price.
We have not paid cash dividends in the past and do not expect to
pay dividends in the future. Any return on investment may be
limited to the value of our Common Stock.
We have
never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not anticipate
doing so in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our
Common Stock will depend on earnings, financial condition and other
business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our
board of directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay
dividends, our Common Stock may be less valuable because a return
on your investment will only occur if our stock price
appreciates.
There is currently no trading market for our Common Stock and we
cannot ensure that one will ever develop or be
sustained.
There
is no current market for any of our shares of stock and a market
may not develop. We hope to list our Common Stock on the Nasdaq
Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) if we raise enough money in
this offering, but there is no guarantee that we will be able to do
so. See “Implications of being an emerging growth
company.” If not listed on NASDAQ, shares of Common Stock,
when issued, may be traded on the over-the-counter market to the
extent any demand exists. Even if listed on NASDAQ, a liquid
trading market may not develop. Investors should assume that they
may not be able to liquidate their investment for some time, or be
able to pledge their shares as collateral.
You will experience future dilution as a result of future equity
offerings.
We may in the future offer additional shares of our Common Stock or
other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Common
Stock. Although no assurances can be given that we will consummate
a financing, in the event we do, or in the event we sell shares of
Common Stock or other securities convertible into shares of our
Common Stock in the future, additional and substantial dilution
will occur. In addition, current investors or investors purchasing
shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior
to investors in this offering. Subsequent offerings at a lower
price (a “down round”) or securities convertible into
or exchangeable for our Common Stock at a lower price (including
the securities held by Acacia) could result in additional
dilution.
We may be unable to protect our proprietary technology or keep up
with that of our competitors.
Our
success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our
software and other proprietary intellectual property rights. We may
be unable to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information,
detect unauthorized use, or take appropriate steps to enforce our
intellectual property rights. In addition, our competitors may now
have or may in the future develop technologies that are as good as
or better than our technology without violating our proprietary
rights. Our failure to protect our software and other proprietary
intellectual property rights or to utilize technologies that are as
good as our competitors’ could put us at a disadvantage to
our competitors.
We may not be able to obtain trademark protection for our marks,
which could impede our efforts to build brand
identity.
We have
filed a trademark application with the Patent and Trademark Office
seeking registration of the trademark, BITZUMI and EBIT NEWS. There
can be no assurance that our application will be successful or that
we will be able to secure significant protection for our trademark
in the United States or elsewhere as we expand internationally. Our
competitors or others could adopt product or service marks similar
to our mark, or try to prevent us from using our mark, thereby
impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading
to customer confusion. Any claim by another party against us or
customer confusion related to our trademark, or our failure to
obtain trademark registration, could harm our
business.
We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of
third parties.
Other
parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property
rights. In the future we may be subject to legal claims of alleged
infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties.
The ready availability of damages, royalties, and the potential for
injunctive relief has increased the defense litigation costs of
patent infringement claims, especially those asserted by third
parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.
Such claims, even if not meritorious, may result in significant
expenditure of financial and managerial resources, and the payment
of damages or settlement amounts. Additionally, we may become
subject to injunctions prohibiting us from using software or
business processes we currently use or may need to use in the
future, or requiring us to obtain licenses from third parties when
such licenses may not be available on financially feasible terms or
terms acceptable to us or at all. In addition, we may not be able
to obtain on favorable terms, or at all, licenses or other rights
with respect to intellectual property we do not own.
Implications of being an “emerging growth
company”
As an issuer with less than $1 billion in total annual gross
revenues during our last fiscal year, we will qualify as an
“emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our
Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) if and
when we become a public company. An emerging growth company may
take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements and is
relieved of certain other significant requirements that are
otherwise generally applicable to public companies. In particular,
as an emerging growth company we:
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●
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Would not be required to obtain an auditor attestation on our
internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
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Would not be required to provide a detailed narrative disclosure
discussing our compensation principles, objectives and elements and
analyzing how those elements fit with our principles and objectives
(commonly referred to as “compensation discussion and
analysis”);
|
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●
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Would not be required to obtain a non-binding advisory vote from
our stockholders on executive compensation or golden parachute
arrangements (commonly referred to as the “say-on-pay,”
“say-on-frequency” and
“say-on-golden-parachute” votes);
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Would be exempt from certain executive compensation disclosure
provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and CEO pay ratio
disclosure;
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May present only two years of audited financial statements and only
two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations; and
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Would be eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption
of new or revised financial accounting standards.
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We
intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting
requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods
for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards
under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in
periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements
to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth
companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under
§107 of the JOBS Act.
Under
the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of the above-described reduced
reporting requirements and exemptions for up to five years after
our initial sale of common equity pursuant to a registration
statement declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (“Securities Act”), or such earlier time that
we no longer meet the definition of an emerging growth company.
Note that this offering, while a public offering, is not a sale of
common equity pursuant to a registration statement, since the
offering is conducted pursuant to an exemption from the
registration requirements. In this regard, the JOBS Act provides
that we would cease to be an “emerging growth company”
if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, have more than
$700 million in market value of our Common Stock held by
non-affiliates, or issue more than $1 billion in principal amount
of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
Risk Factors Related to Cryptocurrency Networks and
Cryptocurrency
The value of cryptocurrency and fluctuations in the price of
cryptocurrency could materially and adversely affect the business
and investment in the company.
Several
factors may affect the value of cryptocurrency, including, but not
limited to:
●
Total
cryptocurrency in existence;
●
Global
cryptocurrency demand, which is influenced by the growth of retail
merchants’ and commercial businesses’ acceptance of
cryptocurrency as payment for goods and services, the security of
online cryptocurrency exchanges and digital wallets that hold
cryptocurrency, the perception that the use and holding of
cryptocurrency is safe and secure, the lack of regulatory
restrictions on their use and the reputation of cryptocurrency for
illicit use;
●
Global
cryptocurrency supply, which is influenced by similar factors as
global cryptocurrency demand, in addition to fiat currency needs by
miners (for example, to invest in equipment or pay electricity
bills) and taxpayers who may liquidate cryptocurrency holdings
around tax deadlines to meet tax obligations;
●
Investors’
expectations with respect to the rate of inflation or deflation of
fiat currencies or cryptocurrency;
●
Currency exchange
rates, including the rates at which cryptocurrency may be exchanged
for fiat currencies;
●
Fiat currency
withdrawal and deposit policies of cryptocurrency exchanges and
liquidity of such cryptocurrency exchanges;
●
Interruptions in
service from or failures of major cryptocurrency
exchanges;
●
Cyber theft of
cryptocurrency from online cryptocurrency wallet providers, or news
of such theft from such providers, or from individuals’
cryptocurrency wallets;
●
Investment and
trading activities of large investors, including private and
registered funds, that may directly or indirectly invest in
cryptocurrency;
●
Monetary policies
of governments, trade restrictions, currency devaluations and
revaluations;
●
Regulatory
measures, if any, that restrict the use of cryptocurrency as a form
of payment or the purchase of cryptocurrency on the cryptocurrency
market;
●
The availability
and popularity of businesses that provide cryptocurrency
related services;
●
The maintenance and
development of the opensource software protocol of certain
cryptocurrency networks;
●
Increased
competition from other forms of cryptocurrency or payments
services;
●
Global or regional
political, economic, or financial events and
situations;
●
Expectations among
cryptocurrency economy participants that the value of
cryptocurrency will soon change; and
●
Fees associated
with processing a cryptocurrency transaction.
The loss or destruction of a private key required to access
cryptocurrency may be irreversible. Our loss of access to our
private keys or our experience of a data loss relating to the
cryptocurrency we hold could adversely affect an investment in our
company.
Cryptocurrency
is controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public key
and private key relating to the local or online digital wallet in
which the cryptocurrency is held. We are required by the operation
of cryptocurrency networks to publish the public key relating to a
digital wallet in use by us when the cryptocurrency network first
verifies a spending transaction from that digital wallet, and
disseminates such information into the cryptocurrency network. We
safeguard and keep private the private keys relating to our
cryptocurrency by utilizing AlphaPoint, an offsite third-party
storage facility; to the extent a private key is lost, destroyed or
otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key is
accessible, we will be unable to access the cryptocurrency held by
the private key and the private key will not be capable of being
restored by the cryptocurrency network. Any loss of private keys
relating to digital wallets used to store our cryptocurrency could
adversely affect an investment in us.
We depend on third parties to provide execution of our trading
platform, Internet, telecommunication and fiber optic network
connectivity to the customers in our data centers, and any delays
or disruptions in service could adversely affect an investment in
us.
We rely
on third-party service providers. In particular, we will depend on
third parties to provide real time quotation and trading execution
with our trading platform, Internet, telecommunication, and fiber
optic network connectivity to our servers in our data center, and
we have no control over the reliability of the services provided by
these suppliers. We may in the future experience difficulties due
to service failures unrelated to our systems and services. Any
Internet, telecommunication, or fiber optic network failures may
result in significant loss of connectivity of our wallets to the
cryptocurrency exchanges, which could consequently impair our
ability to facilitate cryptocurrency transactions, which could
adversely impact an investment in us.
Power outages, limited availability of electrical resources, and
increased energy costs could adversely affect our
business.
Our
operations are subject to electrical power outages, regional
competition for available power, and increased energy costs. Any of
these could result in loss of connectivity to our wallets,
increased costs of operation, and/or damage to our servers and
electrical equipment, which could consequently impair our ability
to facilitate cryptocurrency transactions, which could adversely
impact an investment in us.
The further development and acceptance of cryptocurrency networks,
which represents a new and rapidly changing industry, are subject
to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing
or stopping of the development or acceptance of digital currency
systems may adversely affect our business.
Digital
currencies may be used, among other things, to buy and sell goods
and services are a new and rapidly evolving industry. The growth of
the digital currency industry in general, and in particular the
Bitcoin industry, Ethereum industry, and Litecoin industry, are
subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The factors affecting the
further development of the digital currencies industry, as well as
the Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin industries,
include:
●
Continued worldwide
growth in the adoption and use of Bitcoins, Ethereum, and
Litecoins, and other cryptocurrency;
●
Government and
quasi-government regulation of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin, and
other cryptocurrency and their use, or restrictions on or
regulation of access to and operation of cryptocurrency networks
and system;
●
The maintenance and
development of the open-source software protocol of various
cryptocurrency networks;
●
The availability
and popularity of other forms or methods of buying and selling
goods and services, including new means of using fiat currencies;
and
●
General economic
conditions and the regulatory environment relating to digital
currencies.
A
decline in the popularity or acceptance of the Bitcoin Network,
Ethereum Network, or Litecoin Network could adversely affect an
investment in us.
Currently, there is relatively small use of cryptocurrency in the
retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to relatively large
use by speculators, thus contributing to price volatility that
could adversely affect an investment in us.
As
relatively new products and technologies, cryptocurrency has only
recently become widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and
services by many major retail and commercial outlets, and use of
cryptocurrency by consumers to pay such retail and commercial
outlets remains limited. Conversely, a significant portion of
cryptocurrency demand is generated by speculators and investors
seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of
cryptocurrency. A lack of expansion by cryptocurrency into retail
and commercial markets, or a contraction of such use, may result in
increased volatility or a reduction in the price of
cryptocurrencies, either of which could adversely impact an
investment in us.
The acceptance of Bitcoin Network, Ethereum Network, or Litecoin
Network software patches or upgrades by a significant, but not
overwhelming, percentage of the users and miners in the respective
networks could result in a “fork” in the Blockchain,
resulting in the operation of two separate networks until such time
as the forked Blockchains are merged. The temporary or permanent
existence of forked Blockchains could adversely impact an
investment in us.
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin are open source projects and,
although there is an influential group of leaders in the
cryptocurrency community, there is no official developer or group
of developers that formally controls the Bitcoin, Ethereum, or
Litecoin Networks. Any individual can download the particular
cryptocurrency network software and make any desired modifications,
which are proposed to users and miners on the respective network
through software downloads and upgrades. A substantial majority of
miners and the particular cryptocurrency users must consent to
those software modifications by downloading the altered software or
upgrade that implements the changes; otherwise, the changes do not
become a part of the cryptocurrency network. Generally, changes to
various cryptocurrency networks have been accepted by the vast
majority of users and miners, ensuring that the cryptocurrency
networks remain coherent economic systems; however, a developer or
group of developers could potentially propose a modification to a
cryptocurrency network that is not accepted by avast majority of
miners and users, but that is nonetheless accepted by a substantial
population of participants in the respective cryptocurrency
network. In such a case, and if the modification is material and/or
not backwards compatible with the prior version of the respective
cryptocurrency network software, a “fork” in the
Blockchain could develop and two separate networks of the same
cryptocurrency could result, one running the pre-modification
software program and the other running the modified version (e.g.,
a second Bitcoin Network). Such a fork in the Blockchain typically
would be addressed by community-led efforts to merge the forked
Blockchains, and several prior forks have been so merged without
any material impact on the price of Bitcoin, although there can be
no assurance that this will always be the case upon a fork. This
kind of split in a Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Litecoin Network could
materially and adversely impact an investment in us and, in the
worst case scenario, harm the sustainability of the respective
network’s economy.
The open-source structure of cryptocurrency network protocol means
that the Core Developers and other contributors to the protocol are
generally not directly compensated for their contributions in
maintaining and developing the protocol. A failure to properly
monitor and upgrade the protocol could damage the cryptocurrency
network and an investment in us.
The
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin Networks operate based on an
open-source protocol maintained by the Core Developers and other
contributors. The Core Developers are those developers employed by
MIT Media Lab’s Digital Currency Initiative who oversee the
Bitcoin Network. See “Crytpographic Security Used in the
Bitcoin Network—Modification to the Bitcoin Network.”
As these network protocols are not sold and the networks’ use
does not generate revenues for its development team, the Core
Developers and contributors are generally not compensated for
maintaining and updating the respective cryptocurrency network
protocol. To the extent that material issues arise with the
Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Litecoin Network protocols, and the Core
Developers and open-source contributor community are unable to
address the issues adequately or in a timely manner, the respective
cryptocurrency network and an investment in us may be adversely
affected.
If the awards of cryptocurrency for solving blocks and transaction
fees for recording transactions are not sufficiently high to
incentivize miners, miners may respond in a way that reduces
confidence in the cryptocurrency networks, which could adversely
affect an investment in our company.
If the
award of new cryptocurrency for solving blocks declines and
transaction fees are not sufficiently high, miners may not have an
adequate incentive to continue mining and may cease their mining
operations. See “Overview of the Bitcoin Network
Operations--Bitcoin Mining and Creation of New Bitcoins.”
Miners ceasing operations would reduce the collective processing
power on the cryptocurrency networks, which would adversely affect
the confirmation process for transactions (i.e., temporarily
decreasing the speed at which blocks are added to the Blockchain
until the next scheduled adjustment in difficulty for block
solutions) and make the cryptocurrency networks more vulnerable to
a malicious actor or botnet obtaining control in excess of 50
percent of the processing power on the cryptocurrency networks. Any
reduction in confidence in the confirmation process or processing
power of cryptocurrency networks may adversely impact an investment
in us.
In
addition, to the extent to which the value of cryptocurrency mined
by a professionalized mining operation exceeds the allocable
capital and operating costs determines the profit margin of such
operation. A professionalized mining operation may be more likely
to sell a higher percentage of its newly mined cryptocurrency
rapidly if it is operating at a low profit margin—and it may
partially or completely cease operations if its profit margin is
negative. In a low profit margin environment, a higher percentage
of the new cryptocurrency mined each day will be sold into the
cryptocurrency exchange markets more rapidly, thereby reducing
cryptocurrency prices. Lower cryptocurrency prices will result in
further tightening of profit margins, particularly for
professionalized mining operations with higher costs and more
limited capital reserves, creating a network effect that may
further reduce the price of cryptocurrency until mining operations
with higher operating costs become unprofitable and remove mining
power from the cryptocurrency networks. The network effect of
reduced profit margins resulting in greater sales of newly mined
cryptocurrency could result in a reduction in the price of
cryptocurrency that could adversely impact an investment in our
company.
To the extent that any miners cease to record transactions in
solved blocks, transactions that do not include the payment of a
transaction fee will not be recorded on the Blockchain until a
block is solved by a miner who does not require the payment of
transaction fees. Any widespread delays in the recording of
transactions could result in a loss of confidence in the
cryptocurrency networks, which could adversely impact an investment
in us.
To the
extent that any miners cease to record transactions in solved
blocks, such transactions will not be recorded on the Blockchain.
Currently, there are no known incentives for miners to elect to
exclude the recording of transactions in solved blocks; however, to
the extent that any such incentives arise (e.g., a collective
movement among miners or one or more mining pools forcing
cryptocurrency users to pay transaction fees as a substitute for or
in addition to the award of new cryptocurrency upon the solving of
a block), actions of miners solving a significant number of blocks
could delay the recording and confirmation of transactions on the
Blockchain. Any systemic delays in the recording and confirmation
of transactions on the Blockchain could result in greater exposure
to double-spending transactions and a loss of confidence in
cryptocurrency networks, which could adversely impact an investment
in our company.
Intellectual property rights claims may adversely affect the
operation of cryptocurrency networks.
Third
parties may assert intellectual property claims relating to the
holding and transfer of digital currencies and their source code.
Regardless of the merit of any intellectual property or other legal
action, any threatened action that reduces confidence in
cryptocurrency networks’ long-term viability or the ability
of end-users to hold and transfer cryptocurrency may adversely
affect an investment in us. Additionally, a meritorious
intellectual property claim could prevent us and other end-users
from accessing cryptocurrency networks or holding or transferring
their cryptocurrency. As a result, an intellectual property claim
against us or other large cryptocurrency network participants could
adversely affect an investment in us.
The cryptocurrency exchanges on which cryptocurrency trade are
relatively new and, in most cases, largely unregulated and may
therefore be more exposed to fraud and failure than established,
regulated exchanges for other products. To the extent that the
cryptocurrency exchanges representing a substantial portion of the
volume in cryptocurrency trading are involved in fraud or
experience security failures or other operational issues, such
cryptocurrency exchanges’ failures may result in a reduction
in the price of cryptocurrency and can adversely affect an
investment in us.
The
cryptocurrency exchanges on which cryptocurrency trade are new and,
in most cases, largely unregulated. Furthermore, many
cryptocurrency exchanges do not provide the public with significant
information regarding their ownership structure, management teams,
corporate practices, or regulatory compliance. As a result, the
marketplace may lose confidence in, or may experience problems
relating to, cryptocurrency exchanges, including prominent
exchanges handling a significant portion of the volume of
cryptocurrency trading. These potential consequences of a
cryptocurrency exchange’s failure could reduce the demand and
use of cryptocurrency, reduce the value of cryptocurrency, and/or
adversely affect an investment in us.
Over
the past four years, many cryptocurrency exchanges have been closed
due to fraud, failure, or security breaches. In many of these
instances, the customers of such cryptocurrency exchanges were not
compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of
their account balances in such cryptocurrency exchanges. While
smaller cryptocurrency exchanges are less likely to have the
infrastructure and capitalization that make larger cryptocurrency
exchanges more stable, larger cryptocurrency exchanges are more
likely to be appealing targets for hackers and
“malware” (i.e., software used or programmed by
attackers to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive
information, or gain access to private computer
systems).
A lack of stability in the cryptocurrency exchange market and the
closure or temporary shutdown of cryptocurrency exchanges due to
fraud, business failure, hackers or malware, or government-mandated
regulation may reduce confidence in cryptocurrency networks and
result in greater volatility in cryptocurrency value. These
potential consequences of a cryptocurrency exchange’s failure
could reflect poorly on us even if we are not involved in that
failure, and adversely affect an investment in our
company.
Our ability to adopt technology in response to changing security
needs or trends poses a challenge to the safekeeping of our
cryptocurrency.
The history of the cryptocurrency exchange markets has shown that
cryptocurrency exchanges and large holders of cryptocurrency must
adapt to technological change in order to secure and safeguard
their cryptocurrency. We rely on AlphaPoint, a third-party off site
storage provider, to safeguard our cryptocurrency holdings from
theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and
technological attack. We believe that it may become a more
appealing target of security threats as the size of our
cryptocurrency holdings grow. To the extent that either our
third-party storage sites or we are unable to identify and mitigate
or stop new security threats, our cryptocurrency holdings may be
subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack, which could
adversely affect an investment in us.
Security threats to us could result in a loss of company’s
cryptocurrency, or damage to our reputation and our brand, each of
which could adversely affect an investment in us.
Security
breaches, computer malware, and computer hacking attacks have been
a prevalent concern in cryptocurrency exchange markets since the
launch of cryptocurrency networks. Any security breach caused by
hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to
information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or
loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer
equipment, and the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses,
could harm our business operations or result in loss of our
cryptocurrency. Any breach of our infrastructure could result in
damage to our reputation which could adversely affect an investment
in us. Furthermore, we believe that, as our assets grow, we may
become a more appealing target for security threats such as hackers
and malware.
We
rely
solely on AlphaPoint to safeguard our cryptocurrency holdings from
theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and
technological attack. Nevertheless, our third-party storage
provider security system may not be impenetrable and may not be
free from defect or immune to acts of God, and any loss due to a
security breach, software defect or act of God will be borne by
us.
The security system and operational infrastructure may be breached
due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an
employee of ours, or otherwise, and, as a result, an unauthorized
party may obtain access to our, private keys, data or
cryptocurrency holdings. Additionally, outside parties may attempt
to fraudulently induce employees of ours to disclose sensitive
information in order to gain access to our infrastructure. As the
techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade
service, or sabotage systems change frequently, or may be designed
to remain dormant until a predetermined event and often are not
recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to
anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative
measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security system
occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security
system could be harmed, which could adversely affect an investment
in us.
In the
event of a security breach, we may be forced to cease operations,
or suffer a reduction in assets, the occurrence of each of which
could adversely affect an investment in us.
Cryptocurrency transactions are irrevocable and stolen or
incorrectly transferred cryptocurrency may be irretrievable. As a
result, any incorrectly executed cryptocurrency transactions could
render company liable to lawsuits or criminal charges to the extent
company facilitates bad transactions, and thus, adversely affect an
investment in us.
Cryptocurrency
transactions are not, from an administrative perspective,
reversible without the consent and active participation of the
recipient of the transaction or, in theory, control or consent of a
majority of the processing power on the cryptocurrency network.
Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that
is added to the Blockchain, an incorrect transfer of cryptocurrency
or a theft of cryptocurrency generally will not be reversible and
we may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer
or theft. Although our transfers of cryptocurrency will regularly
be made to or from vendors, consultants, services providers, etc.
it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through
theft or criminal action, our cryptocurrency could be transferred
from us in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties. To
the extent that we are unable to seek a corrective transaction with
such third-party or are incapable of identifying the third-party
that has received our cryptocurrency through error or theft, we
will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly
transferred company cryptocurrency. To the extent that we are
unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could
adversely affect an investment in us. In addition, incorrectly
executed cryptocurrency transactions could render company liable to
lawsuits or criminal charges to the extent company facilitates bad
transactions, and thus, adversely affect an investment in
us.
Our cryptocurrency holdings may be subject to loss, damage, theft,
or restriction on access.
There
is a risk that part or all of our cryptocurrency holdings could be
lost, stolen or destroyed. We believe that our
cryptocurrency holdings
will be an appealing target to hackers or malware distributors
seeking to destroy, damage or steal our cryptocurrency. Although we
utilize AlphaPoint for enterprise multi-signature storage solution,
to minimize the risk of loss, damage and theft, we cannot guarantee
that it will prevent such loss, damage or theft, whether caused
intentionally, accidentally or by act of God. Access to our
cryptocurrency could also be restricted by natural events (such as
an earthquake or flood) or human actions (such as a terrorist
attack). Any of these events may adversely affect our operations
and, consequently, an investment in us.
A loss of confidence in our security system, or a breach of our
security system, may adversely affect us and the value of an
investment in us.
We will
take measures to protect us and our cryptocurrency
holdings
from unauthorized access, damage or theft; however, it is possible
that the security system may not prevent the improper access to, or
damage or theft of our cryptocurrency. A security breach could harm
our reputation or result in the loss of some or all of our
cryptocurrency. A resulting perception that our measures do not
adequately protect our cryptocurrency could result in a loss of
current or potential shareholders, reducing demand for our Common
Stock and causing our shares to decrease in value.
The limited rights of legal recourse against us, and our lack of
insurance protection expose us and our shareholders to the risk of
loss of our cryptocurrency for which no person is
liable.
The
cryptocurrency held by us are not insured. Therefore, a loss may be
suffered with respect to our cryptocurrency, which is not covered
by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages which
could adversely affect our operations and, consequently, an
investment in us.
Cryptocurrency held by us is not subject to FDIC or SIPC
protections.
We do
not hold our cryptocurrency with a banking institution or a member
of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)
or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation
(“SIPC”) and, therefore, our cryptocurrency is not
subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with FDIC or SIPC
member institutions.
We may not have adequate sources of recovery if our cryptocurrency
is lost, stolen, or destroyed.
If our
cryptocurrency is lost, stolen, or destroyed under circumstances
rendering a party liable to us, the responsible party may not have
the financial resources sufficient to satisfy our claim. For
example, as to a particular event of loss, the only source of
recovery for us might be limited, to the extent identifiable, other
responsible third parties (e.g., a thief or terrorist), any of
which may not have the financial resources (including liability
insurance coverage) to satisfy a valid claim of ours.
Political or economic crises may motivate large-scale sales of
cryptocurrency, which could result in a reduction in cryptocurrency
value and adversely affect an investment in us.
As an
alternative to fiat currencies that are backed by central
governments, digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and
Litecoin, which are relatively new, are subject to supply and
demand forces based upon the desirability of an alternative,
decentralized means of buying and selling goods and services, and
it is unclear how such supply and demand will be impacted by
geopolitical events. Nevertheless, political or economic crises may
motivate large-scale acquisitions or sales of Bitcoins, Ethereum,
or Litecoins, either globally or locally. Large-scale sales of
Bitcoins, Ethereum, or Litecoins, would result in a reduction in
the respective cryptocurrency value and could adversely affect an
investment in us.
The sale of our cryptocurrency to pay expenses at a time of low
cryptocurrency prices could adversely affect an investment in
us.
We may
sell cryptocurrency to pay expenses on an as-needed basis,
irrespective of then-current cryptocurrency prices. Consequently,
our cryptocurrency may be sold at a time when the cryptocurrency
prices on the cryptocurrency exchange market are low, which could
adversely affect an investment in us.
Risk Factors Related to Publication Business
The further development and acceptance of cryptocurrency, which
represent a new and rapidly changing industry, are subject to a
variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The slowing or
stopping of the development or acceptance of
cryptocurrencies may adversely affect our newsletter and an
investment in our company.
Cryptocurrency
such as Bitcoins that may be used, among other things, to buy and
sell goods and services are a new and rapidly evolving industry of
which the Bitcoin Network is a prominent, but not unique, part. The
growth of the cryptocurrency industry in general, and the
Bitcoin Network in particular, is subject to a high degree of
uncertainty. The factors affecting the further development of the
cryptocurrency industry, as well as the Bitcoin Network,
include:
●
Continued worldwide
growth in the adoption and use of Bitcoin and other digital
currencies;
●
Government and
quasi-government regulation of cryptocurrency and other digital
assets and their use, or restrictions on or regulation of access to
and operation of the Bitcoin Network to similar digital asset
systems;
●
Changes in consumer
demographics and public tastes preferences;
●
General economic
conditions and regulatory environment relating to digital assets;
and
●
Negative consumer
perception of cryptocurrencies.
Overall,
a decline in the popularity or acceptance of cryptocurrency could
impact interest in our newsletter, and would harm the price of
shares and investment in our company.
We face significant competition across the media landscape,
including from magazine publishers, digital publishers, social
media platforms, search platforms, portals and digital marketing
services, among others, which we expect will continue, and as a
result we may not be able to maintain or improve our operating
results.
We
compete with other cryptocurrency newsletter and
magazine publishers for market share and for the time and
attention. We also compete with digital publishers and other
forms of media, including, among others, social media platforms,
search platforms, portals and digital marketing services. The
competition we face has intensified as a result of the growing
popularity of mobile devices, such as smartphones and social-media
platforms, and the shift in consumer preference from print media to
digital media for the delivery and consumption of content,
including video content. Social media and other platforms such as
Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Google and Yahoo! are successful in
gathering national, local, and entertainment news and information
from multiple sources and attracting a broad readership base. News
aggregation websites and customized news feeds (often free to
users) may reduce our traffic levels by minimizing the need for the
audience to subscribe to our newsletter, or to visit our
websites or use our digital applications directly. Given the
ever-growing and rapidly changing number of digital media options
available on the Internet, we may not be able to increase
subscribers or our online traffic sufficiently and retain or grow a
base of frequent patrons to our newsletter. In addition, the
ever-growing and rapidly changing number of digital media options
available on the Internet may lead to technologies and alternatives
that we are not able to offer. If we are unable to demonstrate
to consumers the continuing value of our print and digital
platforms, our business, financial condition and results of
operations may be adversely affected.
Service disruptions or
failures of our or our vendors’ information systems and
networks as a result of computer viruses, misappropriation of data
or other malfeasance, natural disasters (including extreme
weather), accidental releases of information or other similar
events, may disrupt our business, damage our reputation or have a
negative impact on our results of
operations.
Because
information systems, networks, and other technologies are critical
to many of our operating activities, shutdowns or service
disruptions at our company or vendors that provide information
systems, networks, printing or other services to us pose increasing
risks. Such disruptions may be caused by events such as computer
hacking, phishing attacks, dissemination of computer viruses,
malware, worms and other destructive or disruptive software, denial
of service attacks and other malicious activity, as well as power
outages, natural disasters (including extreme weather), terrorist
attacks or other similar events. Such events could have an adverse
impact on us and our customers, including degradation or disruption
of service, loss of data and damage to equipment and data. In
addition, system redundancy may be ineffective or inadequate, and
our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient to cover all
eventualities. Significant events could result in a disruption of
our operations, customer or advertiser dissatisfaction, damage to
our reputation or brands or a loss of customers or revenues. In
addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate
for any losses associated with such events.
We
could be subject to risks caused by misappropriation, misuse,
leakage, falsification or intentional or accidental release or loss
of information maintained in the information systems and networks
of our company and our vendors, including personal information of
our employees and customers, and company and vendor confidential
data. In addition, outside parties may attempt to penetrate our
systems or those of our vendors or fraudulently induce our
employees or customers or employees of our vendors to disclose
sensitive information in order to gain access to our data, or to
take control of our sites in order to publish false information or
otherwise mislead our users. Like other companies, we have on
occasion experienced, and will continue to experience, threats to
our data and systems, including malicious codes and viruses, and
other cyber attacks. The number and complexity of these threats
continue to increase over time. If a material breach of our
security or that of our vendors occurs, the market perception of
the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, we
could lose customers, audience and advertisers and our reputation,
brands and credibility could be damaged. We could be required to
expend significant amounts of money and other resources to repair
or replace information systems or networks. In addition, we could
be subject to regulatory actions and claims made by consumers and
groups in private litigation involving privacy issues related to
consumer data collection and use practices and other data privacy
laws and regulations, including claims for misuse or inappropriate
disclosure of data, as well as unfair or deceptive practices.
Although we develop and maintain systems and controls designed to
prevent these events from occurring, and we have a process to
identify and mitigate threats, the development and maintenance of
these systems, controls and processes is costly and requires
ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts
to overcome security measures become more sophisticated. Moreover,
despite our efforts, the possibility of these events occurring
cannot be eliminated entirely. Because we distribute
most of our content digitally, outsource more of our
information systems to vendors, engage in more electronic
transactions with consumers and rely more on cloud-based
information systems, the related security risks will increase and
we will need to expend additional resources to protect our
technology and information systems. Additionally, a growing portion
of our subscription revenues, is dependent on the
continuous service model and our ability to automatically renew
customers (with proper notifications and authorizations) using
credit or debit cards that customers provide at the time of
purchase. Significant credit card breaches at major retailers have
resulted in a number of banks re-issuing credit cards. This
may create a break in our relationship with customers
whose cards are reissued and results in lost renewal revenue. A
continuation or increase in such breaches and resulting
re-issuances could adversely impact our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We are
also subject to payment card association rules and obligations
under our contracts with payment card processors. Under these rules
and obligations, if information is compromised, we could be liable
to payment card issuers for the cost of associated expenses and
penalties. In addition, if we fail to follow payment card industry
security standards, even if no customer information is compromised,
we could incur significant fines or experience a significant
increase in payment card transaction costs. Furthermore, if we fail
to comply with the chargeback policies established by a payment
card processor, it could result in us incurring significant fines
or even the termination of our contract with that payment card
processor.
Our business may suffer if
we cannot protect our intellectual
property.
Our
business depends on our intellectual property, including our
valuable brands, content, services and internally developed
technology. We believe our proprietary trademarks and other
intellectual property rights are important to our continued success
and our competitive position. Unauthorized parties may attempt to
copy or otherwise unlawfully obtain and use our content, services,
technology and other intellectual property, and we cannot be
certain that the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary
rights will prevent any misappropriation or confusion among
consumers and merchants, or unauthorized use of these
rights.
Advancements
in technology have made the unauthorized duplication and wide
dissemination of content easier, making the enforcement of
intellectual property rights more challenging. In addition, as our
business and the risk of misappropriation of our intellectual
property rights have become more global in scope, we may not be
able to protect our proprietary rights in a cost-effective manner
in a multitude of jurisdictions with varying
laws.
If we
are unable to procure, protect and enforce our intellectual
property rights, including maintaining and monetizing our
intellectual property rights to our content, we may not realize the
full value of these assets, and our business and profitability may
suffer. In addition, if we must litigate in the United States or
elsewhere to enforce our intellectual property rights or determine
the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, such
litigation may be costly and divert the attention of our
management. In addition, if we must take actions, including
litigation, in the United States or elsewhere to enforce our
intellectual property rights or determine the validity and scope of
the proprietary rights of others, such actions may be costly and
divert the attention of our management.
Technology in the media industry continues to evolve
rapidly.
Technology
in the media industry continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in
technology have led to an increasing number of methods for delivery
of content and have resulted in a wide variety of consumer demands
and expectations, which are also rapidly evolving. If we are unable
to exploit new and existing technologies to distinguish our
products and services from those of our competitors or adapt to new
distribution methods that provide optimal user experiences, our
business and financial results may be adversely
affected.
The
increasing number of digital media options available on the
Internet, through social networking tools and through mobile and
other devices distributing content is expanding consumer choice
significantly. Faced with a multitude of media choices and a
dramatic increase in accessible information, consumers may place
greater value on when, where, how and at what price they consume
digital content.
In
addition, the expenditures necessary to implement these new
technologies could be substantial and other companies employing
such technologies before we are able to do so could aggressively
compete with our business.
We face significant competition. Many of our competitors and
potential competitors have larger customer bases, more established
brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, technological,
and personnel resources than we do, which could put us at a
competitive disadvantage. Additionally, some of our competitors and
potential competitors are better capitalized than we are and able
to obtain capital more easily, which could put us at a competitive
disadvantage.
Some of
our competitors have larger customer bases, more established name
recognition, a greater market share and greater financial,
marketing, technological and personnel resources than we do.
Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced
margins or loss of market share, any of which could materially
adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial
condition. Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to
compete effectively with our current or future competitors or that
this competition will not significantly harm our
business.
Failure to maintain our reputation for trustworthiness may harm our
business.
Our
brand is based on the integrity of our editorial content. We
require all of our content contributors, whether employees or
outside contributors, to adhere to strict standards of integrity,
including standards that are designed to prevent any actual or
potential conflict of interest, and to comply with all applicable
laws, including securities laws. The occurrence of events such as
our misreporting a cryptocurrency technological advancement, could
harm our reputation for trustworthiness and reduce readership. In
addition, in the event the reputation of any of our directors,
officers, key contributors, writers, or editorial staff were harmed
for any other reason, we could suffer as result of our association
with the individual, and also could suffer if the quantity or value
of future services we received from the individual was diminished.
These events could materially adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
We rely heavily on joint ventures for the success of our
publication business, thus, any problem with our joint venture
relationships could have an adverse impact on our
business.
We rely
heavily on our ability to locate, attract, and maintain joint
venture agreements with companies that can successfully launch and
maintain cryptocurrency publications. If those joint venture
companies breach our agreements, terminate our agreements, or we
are unable to partner with such cryptocurrency publications in the
future, that could have an adverse impact on our publication
business.
Risk Factors Related to Regulation
U.S. and international regulatory changes or actions may restrict
the use of or impose heightened regulatory burdens on
cryptocurrency or the operation of cryptocurrency network based on
currency, securities, or commodities regulations in a manner that
adversely affects an investment in us.
Until recently, little or no regulatory attention has been directed
toward cryptocurrency and the cryptocurrency networks by U.S.
federal and state governments, foreign governments, and
self-regulatory agencies. As cryptocurrency has grown in popularity
and in market size, the Federal Reserve Board, U.S. Congress, and
certain US agencies (e.g., FinCEN and the Federal Bureau of
Investigation) have begun to examine the operations of
cryptocurrency networks, cryptocurrency users, and cryptocurrency
exchange markets. Local state regulators such as the California
Department of Financial Institutions and the New York State
Department of Financial Services have also initiated examinations
of Bitcoins, the Bitcoin Network, and the regulation thereof.
Additionally, a U.S. federal magistrate judge in the U.S. District
Court for the Eastern District of Texas has ruled that
“Bitcoin is a currency or form of money,” two CFTC
commissioners publicly expressed a belief that derivatives based on
Bitcoins are subject to the same regulation as those based on
commodities, and the IRS released guidance treating cryptocurrency
as property that is not currency for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, although there is no indication yet whether other courts
or federal or state regulators will follow these asset
classifications. There is a possibility of future regulatory change
altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment
in us or our ability to continue to operate.
Currently, neither the SEC nor the CFTC has formally asserted
regulatory authority over cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency networks,
or cryptocurrency trading and ownership, though in testimony before
the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry on
December 10, 2014, CFTC Chairman Timothy Massad stated that the
CFTC believed it had jurisdiction over derivative instruments such
as futures and swaps based on digital currencies. On July 25, 2017,
the SEC issued an investigative report, stating that offers and
sales of digital assets by “virtual” organizations
using distributed ledger or cryptocurrency technology (i.e.,
Initial Coin Offerings or Token Sales) are subject to the
requirements of the federal securities laws. To the extent that
Bitcoins, Ethereum, or Litecoins, themselves are determined to be a
security, commodity future or other regulated asset, or to the
extent that a US or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency
exerts regulatory authority over the Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Litecoin
Networks, or cryptocurrency trading and ownership, trading or
ownership in cryptocurrency may be adversely affected, which could
adversely affect an investment in our company.
To the
extent that future regulatory actions or policies limit the ability
to exchange cryptocurrency or utilize them for payments, the demand
for cryptocurrency will be reduced. Furthermore, regulatory actions
may limit the ability of end-users to convert cryptocurrency into
fiat currency (e.g., U.S. Dollars) or use cryptocurrency to pay for
goods and services. Such regulatory actions or policies could
adversely affect an investment in us.
Cryptocurrency
currently faces an uncertain regulatory landscape in not only the
United States but also in many foreign jurisdictions such as the
European Union, China and Russia. While certain governments such as
Germany—where the Ministry of Finance has declared Bitcoins
to be “Rechnungseinheiten” (a form of private money
that is recognized as a unit of account, but not recognized in the
same manner as fiat currency) — have issued guidance as to
how to treat Bitcoins, most regulatory bodies have not yet issued
official statements regarding intention to regulate or
determinations on regulation of cryptocurrency, the cryptocurrency
networks, and cryptocurrency users. Among those for which
preliminary guidance has been issued in some form, Canada and
Taiwan have labeled cryptocurrency as a digital or virtual
currency, distinct from fiat currency, while Sweden and Norway are
among those to categorize cryptocurrency as a form of virtual asset
or commodity. In China, authorities have recently banned use of
Bitcoins and ordered Beijing-based cryptocurrency exchanges to
cease trading and immediately notify users of their closures.
Similarly, Russia has indicated an intent to ban use of Bitcoins
and Russia’s Central Bank stated that at this stage they will
not approve any cryptocurrency trading on any official exchange,
nor will it approve the use of the technology for infrastructure
purposes. In May 2014, the Central Bank of Bolivia banned the use
of Bitcoins as a means of payment. In the summer and fall of 2014,
Ecuador announced plans for its own state-backed electronic money,
while passing legislation that reportedly prohibits the use of
decentralized digital currencies. Conversely, regulatory bodies in
some countries such as India and Switzerland have declined to
exercise regulatory authority when afforded the opportunity.
Various foreign jurisdictions may, in the near future, adopt laws,
regulations, or directives that affect cryptocurrency networks and
its users, particularly cryptocurrency exchanges and service
providers that fall within such jurisdictions’ regulatory
scope. Other countries such as Malaysia and Australia have been
considering regulation, classification, and potential bans. Such
laws, regulations, or directives may conflict with those of the
United States and may negatively impact the acceptance of
cryptocurrency by users, merchants, and service providers outside
of the United States and may, therefore, impede the growth of the
cryptocurrency economy.
The
effect of any future regulatory change on our company or
cryptocurrency is impossible to predict, but such change could be
substantial and adverse to us and could adversely affect an
investment in us.
It may be illegal now, or in the future, to acquire, own, hold,
sell or use cryptocurrency in one or more countries, and ownership
of, holding or trading in or company’s securities may also be
considered illegal and subject to sanction.
Although
currently cryptocurrency is not regulated or are lightly regulated
in most countries, including the United States, one or more
countries may take regulatory actions in the future that severely
restricts the right to acquire, own, hold, sell or use
cryptocurrency or to exchange cryptocurrency for fiat currency.
Such restrictions may adversely affect an investment in our
company.
Our business of converting cryptocurrencies to U.S. dollars and
vice versa require our registration as a “money services
business” under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under
the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, and require the
licensing or other registration as a money transmitter (or
equivalent designation) under state law in any state in which we
plan to operate. This process is lengthy and expensive, and any
delays could delay commencing operations and cost additional money,
which may have an adverse impact on the operation of our company
and investment in our company.
Our
activities cause us to be deemed a “money service
business” under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under
the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act. We are required to
comply with FinCEN regulations, including those that mandate us to
register with FinCEN, implement anti-money laundering programs,
make certain reports to FinCEN, and maintain certain
records.
Our
activities also cause us to be deemed a “money
transmitter” (or equivalent designation) under state law in
all states in which we plan to operate, and require us to seek a
license or otherwise register with a state regulator and comply
with state regulations that may including the implementation of
anti-money laundering programs, maintenance of certain records and
other operational requirements.
Such
additional federal or state regulatory obligations may cause us to
incur extraordinary expenses, possibly affecting an investment in
us in a material and adverse manner. Furthermore, we may not be
able to obtain the necessary licenses and regulatory approval to
conduct our money transmittal services, which may adversely affect
an investment in our company.
If federal or state legislatures or agencies initiate or release
tax determinations that change the classification of cryptocurrency
as property for tax purposes, such determination could have a
negative tax consequence on our company, and adversely affect
investment in us.
Current
IRS guidance indicates that cryptocurrency should be treated and
taxed as property, and that transactions involving the payment of
cryptocurrency for goods and services should be treated as barter
transactions. This treatment creates a potential tax reporting
requirement for any circumstance where the ownership of a
cryptocurrency passes from one person to another, usually by means
of cryptocurrency transactions (including off-Blockchain
transactions).
On
December 5, 2014, the New York State Department of Taxation and
Finance issued guidance regarding the application of state tax law
to digital currencies. The agency determined that New York State
would follow IRS guidance with respect to the treatment of digital
currencies such for state income tax purposes. Furthermore, they
defined digital currencies to be a form of “intangible
property,” meaning the purchase and sale of cryptocurrency
for fiat currency is not subject to state income tax (although
transactions of cryptocurrency for other goods and services maybe
subject to sales tax under barter transaction treatment). It is
unclear if other states will follow the guidance of the IRS and the
New York State Department of Taxation and Finance with respect to
the treatment of cryptocurrency for income tax and sales tax
purposes. If a state adopts a different treatment, such treatment
may have negative consequences including the imposition of greater
a greater tax burden on investors in cryptocurrency or imposing a
greater cost on the acquisition and disposition of cryptocurrency,
generally; in either case potentially having a negative effect on
prices in the cryptocurrency exchange markets and may adversely
affect an investment in our company.
Foreign
jurisdictions may also elect to treat digital currencies
differently for tax purposes than the IRS or the New York State
Department of Taxation and Finance. To the extent that a foreign
jurisdiction with a significant share of the market of
cryptocurrency users imposes onerous tax burdens on cryptocurrency
users, or imposes sales or value added tax on purchases and sales
of cryptocurrency for fiat currency, such actions could result in
decreased demand for cryptocurrency in such jurisdiction, which
could impact the price of cryptocurrency and negatively impact an
investment in our company.
Legislative and regulatory developments, including with respect to
privacy, could adversely affect our business.
Our
business is subject to government regulation in the jurisdictions
in which we operate, and our websites, which are available
worldwide, may be subject to laws regulating the Internet even in
jurisdictions where we do not do business. Among others, we are
subject to laws and regulations with respect to online privacy and
the collection and use of consumer data. Various federal and state
laws and regulations, as well as the laws of foreign jurisdictions
in which we operate, govern the collection, use, retention, sharing
and security of the data we receive from and about our readers.
Failure to protect confidential customer data or to provide
customers with adequate notice of our privacy policies could
subject us to liabilities imposed by these
jurisdictions.
Existing
privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and subject to
potentially differing interpretations, and various federal and
state legislative and regulatory bodies, as well as foreign
legislative and regulatory bodies, may expand current or enact new
laws regarding privacy and data security-related matters. We may
incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly
adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to
comply.
In
addition, any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with
our posted privacy policies or with any data-related requirements
could result in claims against us by governmental entities or
others and/or increased costs to change our practices. They could
also result in negative publicity and a loss of confidence in us by
our readers and advertisers. All of these potential consequences
could adversely affect our business and results of
operations.
We
estimate that the net proceeds to the issuer of a fully subscribed
offering, after the expenses of the offering (payment to the
broker-dealer, and legal, accounting and related expenses), will be
approximately $9,000,000. We plan to use these proceeds as
follows:
●
Software
development and support, consisting of the continued development of
the Bitcoin exchange and wallets, industry news portal, payment
processing and escrow, as well as additional research and
development in the foregoing areas and other blockchain
technologies.
●
Marketing and
advertisement campaigns that will focus primarily on Facebook,
Google Adwords, and Yahoo.
●
Implement
aggressive customer acquisition strategy, including company
acquisitions and/or free cryptocurrency incentives to new
customers.
●
Secure proper money
transmitter licenses domestically and internationally for public
launch of exchange.
●
Operational staff
and support and customer service staff and support.
●
Pursue listing on
the NASDAQ.
●
General office
expenses consisting of rent, office supplies, computers and other
equipment.
●
Research and
development and other application development related to blockchain
technology and/or cryptocurrency
●
Working capital and
other general corporate purposes.
The
precise amounts that we will devote to each of the foregoing items,
and the timing of expenditures, will vary depending on numerous
factors.
The
following table sets forth a breakdown of our estimated use of our
net proceeds as we currently expect to use them over the next 12
months, assuming the sale of, respectively, 100%, 50%, and 10% of
the shares offered for sale in this offering.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
Proceeds
|
$10,000,000
|
100.00%
|
$5,000,000
|
50.00%
|
$1,000,000
|
10%
|
|
Broker/Dealer
Fee
|
$58,000
|
0.58%
|
$33,000
|
0.66%
|
$13,000
|
1.30%
|
|
Offering Marketing
Expenses
|
$880,000
|
8.80%
|
$405,000
|
8.10%
|
$25,000
|
2.50%
|
|
Other Offering
Expenses
|
$62,000
|
0.62%
|
$62,000
|
1.24%
|
$62,000
|
6.20%
|
|
Software
Development
|
$250,000
|
2.50%
|
$120,000
|
2.40%
|
$120,000
|
12.00%
|
|
Marketing &
Advertising
|
$4,000,000
|
40.00%
|
$1,500,000
|
30.00%
|
$100,000
|
10.00%
|
|
Licensing &
Regulatory
|
$1,000,000
|
10.00%
|
$1,000,000
|
20.00%
|
$250,000
|
25%
|
|
Operational &
Customer Support
|
$500,000
|
5.00%
|
$250,000
|
5.00%
|
$120,000
|
12.00%
|
|
Public Company
& Corporate Costs
|
$350,000
|
3.50%
|
$350,000
|
7.00%
|
$200,000
|
20.00%
|
|
R&D & other
application Development
|
$1,000,000
|
10.00%
|
$100,000
|
2.00%
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Working
Capital
|
$1,900,000
|
19.00%
|
$1,180,000
|
23.60%
|
$110,000
|
11.00%
|
|
Total
|
$10,000,000
|
100%
|
$5,000,000
|
100%
|
$1,000,000
|
100%
|
As
indicated in the table above, if we sell the only the midpoint or
minimum of the shares offered for sale in this offering, the
reduced proceeds would require us to lower at a larger percentage
our marketing, advertising and new software and application
development costs.
None
the proceeds from the offering will be used to compensate or
otherwise make payments to the directors or officers of the
company.
The
expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our
intentions based on our current plans and business conditions,
which could change in the future as our plans and business
conditions evolve and change. The amounts and timing of our actual
expenditures, specifically with respect to working capital, may
vary significantly depending on numerous factors. As a result, the
company reserves the right to change the above use of proceeds if
management believes it is in the best interests of the
company.
In the
event we do not sell all of the shares being offered, we may seek
additional financing from other sources to support the intended use
of proceeds indicated above. If we secure additional equity
funding, investors in this offering would be diluted. No plans for
additional financing are currently being contemplated by the
company, and in all events, there can be no assurance that
additional financing would be available to use when wanted or
needed and, if available, on terms acceptable to us.
Dilution
means a reduction in value, control or earnings of the shares the
investor owns.
Immediate Dilution
An
early-stage company typically sells its shares (or grants options
over its shares) to its founders and early employees at a very low
cash cost, because they are, in effect, putting their “sweat
equity” into the company. When the company seeks cash
investments from outside investors, like you, the new investors
typically pay a much larger sum for their shares than the founders
or earlier investors, which means that the cash value of your stake
is diluted because all the shares are worth the same amount, and
you paid more than earlier investors for your shares.
Upon
completion of this offering, in the event all of the shares are
sold, the net tangible book value of the 115,076,211 shares of
Common Stock outstanding will be 9,401,332 or approximately $0.08
per share. The net tangible book value of the shares of Common
Stock held by our existing shareholders will be increased by $0.08
per share without any additional investment on their part.
Investors in the offering will incur an immediate dilution of $2.42
per share.
After
completion of this offering, if 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock
are sold, investors in the offering will own 3.48% of the total
number of shares then outstanding for which they will have made
cash investment of $10 million, or $2.50 per share. Our existing
shareholders will own 96.52% of the total number of shares of
Common Stock then outstanding, for which they have made
contributions of cash totaling $0.00 per share.
In the event all shares are not sold
upon completion of this offering, the following table details the
range of possible outcomes from the offering assuming the sale of
100%, 50% and 10%. The information in this table would be
affected in the event that any future investments were made at a
different valuation, and by the shares issued to Acacia, and to be
issued to Acacia in the future. See "Management’s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
|
Funding
Level
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offering
price
|
$2.50
|
$2.50
|
$2.50
|
|
Net tangible book
value per common share before offering
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
$0.00
|
|
Pro forma net
tangible book value per common share after
|
$0.08
|
$0.04
|
$0.01
|
|
Dilution to
investors
|
$2.42
|
$2.46
|
$2.49
|
|
Dilution as a
percentage of offering price
|
96.73%
|
98.27%
|
99.53%
|
Based
on 111,076,211 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September
30, 2017 and total stockholder's equity of $401,332 as of September
30, 2017.
The above dilution table does not include the 533,333 shares to be
issued to Acacia per the January 10, 2018 Securities Purchase
Agreement (discussed below). If these shares were included above,
the dilution as a percentage of the offering price would be 96.75%,
98.27% and 99.55%, respectively.
Since
inception, the officers, directors, promoters and affiliated
persons have paid an aggregate average price of $.0001 per share of
Common Stock in comparison to the offering price of $2.50 per
common share.
Future Dilution
Another
important way of looking at dilution is the dilution that happens
due to future actions by the company. The investor’s stake in
a company could be diluted due to the company issuing additional
shares. In other words, when the company issues more shares, the
percentage of the company that you own will go down, even though
the value of the company may go up. You will own a smaller piece of
a larger company. This increase in number of shares outstanding
could result from a stock offering (such as an initial public
offering, another crowdfunding round, a venture capital round,
angel investment), employees exercising stock options, or by
conversion of certain instruments (e.g. convertible bonds,
preferred shares or warrants) into stock.
If the
company decides to issue more shares, an investor could experience
value dilution, with each share being worth less than before, and
control dilution, with the total percentage an investor owns being
less than before. There may also be earnings dilution, with a
reduction in the amount earned per share (though this typically
occurs only if the company offers dividends, and most early stage
companies are unlikely to offer dividends, preferring to invest any
earnings into the company).
The
type of dilution that hurts early-stage investors most occurs when
the company sells more shares in a “down round,”
meaning at a lower valuation than in earlier
offerings.
An
example of how this might occur is as follows (numbers are for
illustrative purposes only):
●
In June 2014 Jane
invests $20,000 for shares that represent 2% of a company valued at
$1 million.
●
In December 2014
the company is doing very well and sells $5 million in shares to
venture capitalists on a valuation (before the new investment) of
$10 million. Jane now owns only 1.3% of the company but her stake
is worth $200,000.
●
In June 2015 the
company has run into serious problems and in order to stay afloat
it raises $1 million at a valuation of only $2 million (the
“down round”). Jane now owns only 0.89% of the company
and her stake is worth only $26,660.
This
type of dilution might also happen upon conversion of convertible
notes into shares. Typically, the terms of convertible notes issued
by early-stage companies provide that in the event of another round
of financing, the holders of the convertible notes get to convert
their notes into equity at a “discount” to the price
paid by the new investors, i.e., they get more shares than the new
investors would for the same price. Additionally, convertible notes
may have a “price cap” on the conversion price, which
effectively acts as a share price ceiling. Either way, the holders
of the convertible notes get more shares for their money than new
investors. In the event that the financing is a “down
round” the holders of the convertible notes will dilute
existing equity holders, and even more than the new investors do,
because they get more shares for their money. Investors should pay
careful attention to the amount of convertible notes that the
company has issued (and may issue in the future, and the terms of
those notes.
If you
are making an investment expecting to own a certain percentage of
the company or expecting each share to hold a certain amount of
value, it’s important to realize how the value of those
shares can decrease by actions taken by the company. Dilution can
make drastic changes to the value of each share, ownership
percentage, voting control, and earnings per share.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
Financial Results
We have
a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical
financial information upon which to base an evaluation of our
performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the
uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficulties frequently
encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. Our
financials as of September 30, 2017, show a net loss of $51,167. We
expect to incur additional net expenses over the next several years
as we continue to maintain and expand our existing operations. The
amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve
profitability are uncertain.
Plan of Operations
Overview
The company launched www.bitzumi.com, its beta
version of its cryptocurrency exchange and marketplace, on July 24,
2017. In connection with beta launch, the company also launched its
information and news site www.ebitnews.com to increase
awareness and facilitate information about both the cryptocurrency
and blockchain markets. On October 4, 2017, we formed Bitzumi
Publishing, LLC in a joint venture with Ibis Venture to market and
sell various cryptocurrency newsletters and related informational
and educational products. The company plans to develop a publishing
and marketing company to deliver cryptocurrency-related education,
offerings, and products, in an effort to increase awareness of
cryptocurrency and Bitzumi and to build a following of Bitzumi in
particular. On January 10, 2018, Bitzumi entered into a joint
venture and servicing agreement with Acacia to create a patent
registration platform using Blockchain technology. That agreement
appears as Exhibit 6.7 to the Offering Statement of which this
Offering Circular forms a part. In addition, Acacia and Bitzumi
have agreed to a strategic investment by Acacia as discussed
below.
We
anticipate that ultimately, our primary product will be our
cryptocurrency exchange and digital storage on www.bitzumi.com.
Following consummation of this offering, the company’s
management team plans to develop proprietary technology based on
the blockchain platform relating to authentication and smart
contracts in the Fintech and government sectors.
The
company’s current plans are to continue testing the beta
version of www.bitzumi.com, including
integration of Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) compliance
and authentication technology. The company plans to do a rolling
public launch based on securing the proper federal and state money
transmitter licenses in the United States. During this time,
Bitzumi plans to focus on garnering market share for Bitzumi
Publishing, which it expects will lay a foundation of consumer
awareness and acceptance of the Bitzumi exchange and wallet
launch.
The
company expects to commence full-scale marketing operations upon
the successful raising of capital under this Offering.
Milestones
|
|
|
Actions
Already Taken: The company is operational, has raised $452,500 in
private placements so far and has already taken the following
steps:
|
|
|
●
|
Bitzumi
Beta Web Site launch and branding
|
|
|
●
|
Ebit
News Web Site launch and branding
|
|
|
●
|
AML and
compliance integration
|
|
|
●
|
Facebook &
Twitter and other social media data integration for both Bitzumi
and Ebit News
|
|
|
●
|
Bitzumi
Publishing joint venture and agreement with Agora Financial to
market and sell various
cryptocurrency newsletters and related informational and
educational products.
|
|
|
●
|
Customer support
testing and training
|
|
|
●
|
Bitzumi and Acacia
joint venture and servicing agreement to create a patent
registration platform using Blockchain technology and Acacia
becoming a strategic investor.
|
|
|
●
|
Customer support
testing and training
|
|
|
●
|
Marketing tool
integration
|
|
|
|
(The
company uses third-party tools to market and test
campaigns.)
|
|
|
●
|
Strategic public
relations campaign – design and test
|
|
|
●
|
Tactical public
relations campaign – design and test
|
|
|
●
|
Test
Facebook, Google, Yahoo and other marketing ad
campaigns
|
|
|
●
|
Filed
application for money service business with FinCen
|
|
|
●
|
Internal reporting,
A/R collections, Member Support
|
●
Prior to Initial Qualification of the
Offering: The company has developed and tested
marketing messages to attract customers and partners. Efforts
include public relations, Facebook advertising, remarketing, and
Google and Yahoo search advertising. This effort has resulted in a
steady small stream of traffic and new members. In addition, Ebit
News has continued to increase traffic and awareness in its efforts
to be a leading sector industry news aggregator. The traffic
generated by these marketing test efforts also allows the company
to test its systems and procedures. In the approximately three
months since beta launch, we’ve confirmed that our exchange
platform and wallet storage is working as planned.
●
Operations after Qualification: Upon
qualification by the SEC, the company plans to use its website to
raise capital from third-party investors. The company’s
marketing campaign to support that effort is expected to focus
primarily on individuals who have exhibited an interested in
investing and crowdfunding products.
The
company anticipates also beginning the process to rollout mobile
offerings (Android and IOS applications). It expects to have also
begun the process to enable it to be quoted on NASDAQ. While the
company cannot guarantee liquidity for investors, it believes that
being quoted is a necessary precursor to having a liquid market for
shareholders.
●
Operations after Closing: The company is
seeking to raise a total of $10,000,000 under this offering. The
company established a minimum raise of $1,000,000. It believes that
requiring investors to be customers in order to participate in the
Offering is important to its marketing and customer acquisition
strategy.
The
company intends its marketing efforts to focus on building its
customer base quickly. The company forecasts that its
cryptocurrency exchange will be cash flow neutral at about the
45,000 customer accounts. The company overall breakeven will be
impacted by the rate of its subscription and marketing revenue
growth. Depending upon the speed of success of its marketing
efforts, the company may need to raise additional capital. See
“Statement Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.”
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are a startup and anticipate that we will incur operating losses
for the foreseeable future. Our historical cash burn rate for the
period from June 13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017
was on average approximately $14,000 per month, we estimate that we
currently have enough cash resources to support us through April
2018, and we are likely to seek funds (in addition to the funds
that we may raise in this offering) in order to extend our
operational runway.
On
January 10, 2018, we signed a Securities Purchase Agreement with
Acacia in which Acacia invested $1 million in return for 533,333
shares and a warrant to purchase 2,133,333 shares at an exercise
price of $1.875. Also on January 10, 2018, we signed a Joint
Venture and Services Agreement with Acacia, where Acacia committed
to invest no less than $10 million in total capital investment in
Bitzumi, and upon such investment they would receive as
compensation for the servicing and joint venture development a
warrant to purchase 30,000,000 shares at an exercise price of
$0.01.
We
may accept investments from other investors who can provide
strategic support to our operations and/or make a significant
investment, and the basis for any such investments may be on the
basis of valuations that are significantly lower than the valuation
in this offering or the Acacia investment.
OVERVIEW OF SELECT CRYPTOCURRENCY
INDUSTRIES AND MARKETS
Introduction to Bitcoins, Ethereum, Litecoins, and the
Blockchain
Bitcoin
A
Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that is issued by, and
transmitted through, an open source, public, digital protocol
platform using cryptographic security that is known as the Bitcoin
Network. The Bitcoin Network is an online, peer-to-peer user
network that hosts the public transaction ledger, known as the
Blockchain, and the source code that comprises the basis for the
cryptography and digital protocols governing the Bitcoin Network.
No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin Network, the
infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a
decentralized user base. Bitcoins can be used to pay for goods and
services or can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S.
Dollar, at rates determined on Bitcoin Exchanges or in individual
end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter
system.
●
Bitcoin’s
digital protocol verifies transactions through a process known as
mining See “Bitcoin Mining and Creation of New
Bitcoins” in more detail below. The mining of Bitcoins
rewards users who verify transactions over time at a decreasing
rate incrementally.
●
This digital
protocol allows there to be a controlled supply of Bitcoin in the
long term that is finite at twenty-one million Bitcoins. Currently
there are over sixteen and a half million Bitcoins in
circulation.
●
Bitcoins mining
protocol works on a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus system. This
means that a certain amount of computer power and verification is
needed for a transaction to be considered valid by the Bitcoin
Blockchain. Once the set amount of “work” is completed,
and all necessary conditions are met, the transaction is approved
and executed.
Ethereum
Ethereum
is a decentralized digital currency that is issued by, and
transmitted though, an open-source, public, blockchain-based
distributed computing platform featuring smart contract (scripting)
functionality. The Ethereum Network is an online,
peer-to-peer user network that hosts the public
transaction ledger, known as the Blockchain, and the source code
that comprises the basis for the cryptography and digital protocols
governing the Ethereum Network. No single entity owns or operates
the Ethereum Network, the infrastructure of which is collectively
maintained by a decentralized user base. Ethereum’s token
called “Ether” can be used to pay for goods and
services or can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S.
Dollar, at rates determined on Ethereum exchanges or in individual
end user to end user transactions under a
barter system. It also provides a decentralized Turing-complete
virtual machine, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (“EVM”),
which can execute scripts using an international network of public
nodes. Ethereum differs from Bitcoin in the following
ways:
●
The Ethereum
Network aims to process a block every 14 to 15 seconds, rather than
Bitcoin's 10 minutes, which its developers claim allows for faster
transaction confirmation.
●
Ether is mined on a
proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus system, unlike Bitcoin, which is
mined on a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus system.
Proof-of-stake is a
mining criteria similar to proof-of-work in that it verifies
users’ transactions, however, it involves pledging or backing
a portion of your ether as a way to vouch for a transactions
validity.
●
Ethereum releases
the same amount of Ether each year ad infinitum, whereas Bitcoin
has an overall supply cap of twenty-one million.
●
Ethereum has a
different method for costing transactions depending on their
computational complexity, bandwidth use, and storage needs, which
is called “Gas” and is limited per block. Bitcoin
transactions compete equally with each other, and are limited by
the block size.
●
Ethereum has its
own Turing complete internal code, which means that it can
implement a programmable contract. A contract is essentially an
automated agent that lives on the Ethereum Network, has an Ethereum
address and balance, and can send and receive transactions. A
contract is “activated” every time someone sends a
transaction to it, at which point it runs its code, possibly
modifying its internal state or even sending some transactions, and
then shuts down.
Litecoin
Litecoin
is a decentralized digital currency that is issued by, and
transmitted though, an open-source, public, digital protocol
platform using cryptographic security that is known as the Litecoin
Network. The Litecoin Network is an online, peertopeer
user network that hosts the public transaction ledger, known as the
Blockchain, and the source code that comprises the basis for the
cryptography and digital protocols governing the Litecoin Network.
No single entity owns or operates the Litecoin Network, the
infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a
decentralized user base. Litecoins can be used to pay for goods and
services or can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S.
Dollar, at rates determined on Litecoin exchanges or in individual
end user to end user transactions under a
barter system. Litecoin differs from Bitcoin in three key
ways:
●
The Litecoin
Network aims to process a block every 2.5 minutes, rather than
Bitcoin's 10 minutes, which its developers claim allows for faster
transaction confirmation.
●
Litecoin uses
scrypt in its proof-of-work algorithm, a sequential memory-hard
function requiring asymptotically more memory than an algorithm
that is not memory-hard. This means that, unlike Bitcoin mining,
Litecoin mining relies on RAM (random access memory) size instead
of raw processing power alone.
●
To highlight the difference in hashing power (mining power), as of
October 16, 2017, the total hashing rate of the Bitcoin Network is
over 11,000,000 Terra Hashes per second, while Litecoin is just 20
Tera Hashes per second.
●
The Litecoin
Network will produce 84 million Litecoins, or four times as many
currency units as will be issued by the Bitcoin
Network.
Blockchain
Cryptocurrencies
are “stored” or reflected on a digital transaction
ledger known as the “Blockchain,” which is a digital
file stored in a decentralized manner on the computers of each
Bitcoin Network (or other network) user. The Blockchain records the
transaction history of all cryptocurrencies in existence and,
through the transparent reporting of transactions, allows the
cryptocurrency networks to verify the association of each
cryptocurrency with the digital wallet that owns them. The
cryptocurrency networks and cryptocurrency software programs can
interpret the Blockchain to determine the exact cryptocurrency
balance, if any, of any digital wallet listed in the Blockchain as
having taken part in a transaction on the cryptocurrency
network.
The
Blockchain comprises a digital file, downloaded and stored, in
whole or in part, on all cryptocurrency users’ software
programs. The file includes all blocks that have been solved by
miners and is updated to include new blocks as they are solved. As
each newly solved block refers back to and “connects”
with the immediately prior solved block, the addition of a new
block adds to the Blockchain in a manner similar to a new link
being added to a chain. Because each new block records outstanding
cryptocurrency transactions, and outstanding transactions are
settled and validated through such recording, the Blockchain
represents a complete, transparent and unbroken history of all
transactions on the Bitcoin Network.
Each cryptocurrency transaction is broadcast to the cryptocurrency
network and recorded in the Blockchain. The cryptocurrency network
is decentralized and does not rely on either governmental
authorities or financial institutions to create, transmit or
determine the value of cryptocurrency. Rather, cryptocurrency is
created and allocated by the cryptocurrency network protocol
through a “mining” process subject to a strict,
well-known issuance schedule. The value of cryptocurrency is
determined by the supply of and demand for the cryptocurrency in
the respective cryptocurrency exchange market (and in private end
-user -to- end -user transactions), as well as the number of
merchants that accept them. As Bitcoin transactions can be
broadcast to the Bitcoin network by any user’s cryptocurrency
software and cryptocurrency can be transferred without the
involvement of intermediaries or third parties, there are little or
no transaction costs in direct peer -to -peer transactions on
cryptocurrency networks. Third-party service providers such as
cryptocurrency exchanges and cryptocurrency third -party payment
processing services may charge significant fees for processing
transactions and for converting, or facilitating the conversion of,
cryptocurrency to or from fiat currency.
Overview of the Bitcoin Network’s Operations
The
Bitcoin Network, Ethereum Network, and Litecoin Network are similar
in operations, and thus, the Bitcoin overview and explanations are
equally applicable to the Ethereum and Litecoin
Networks.
In order to own, transfer, or use Bitcoins, a person generally must
have Internet access to connect to the Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin
transactions between parties occur rapidly (typically between a few
seconds and a few minutes) and may be made directly between
end -users without the need for a third- party intermediary, although there are entities that
provide third -party intermediary services. To prevent the
possibility of double- spending a single Bitcoin, each transaction
is recorded, time stamped and publicly displayed in a
“block” in the publicly available Blockchain. Thus, the
Bitcoin Network provides confirmation against double- spending by memorializing every transaction in the
Blockchain, which is publicly accessible and downloaded in part or
in whole by all users’ Bitcoin Network software programs as
described below. This memorialization and verification against
double- spending is accomplished through the Bitcoin mining
process, which adds “blocks” of data, including recent
transaction information, to the
Blockchain.
Summary of a Bitcoin Transaction
In a
Bitcoin transaction between two parties, the following
circumstances must be in place: (i) the party seeking to send
Bitcoins must have a digital wallet and the Bitcoin Network must
recognize that digital wallet as having sufficient Bitcoins for the
spending transaction, (ii) the receiving party must have a digital
wallet and (iii) the spending party must have internet access with
which to send its spending transaction.
Next,
the receiving party must provide the spending party with its
wallet’s digital address, an identifying series of 27 to 34
alphanumeric characters that represents the wallet’s routing
number on the Bitcoin Network and allows the Blockchain to record
the sending of Bitcoins to that wallet. The receiving party can
provide this address to the spending party in alphanumeric format
or an encoded format such as a Quick Response Code (commonly known
as a QR Code), which may be scanned by a smartphone or other device
to quickly transmit the information.
After
the provision of the receiving wallet’s digital address, the
spending party must enter the address into its Bitcoin software
program along with the number of Bitcoins to be sent. The number of
Bitcoins to be sent will typically be agreed upon between the two
parties based on a set number of Bitcoins or an
agreed-on conversion of the value of fiat currency to
Bitcoins. Most Bitcoin software programs also allow, and often
suggest, the payment of a transaction fee (also known as a
miner’s fee). Transaction fees are not required to be
included by many Bitcoin software programs, but, when they are
included, they are paid by the spending party on top of the
specified amount of Bitcoins being sent in the transaction.
Transaction fees, if any, are typically a fractional number of
Bitcoins (for example, 0.005 or 0.0005 Bitcoins) and are
automatically transferred by the Bitcoin Network to the Bitcoin
miner that solves and adds the block recording the spending
transaction on the Blockchain. See below “Bitcoin Mining and
Creation of New Bitcoins.”
After
the entry of the wallet’s digital address, the number of
Bitcoins to be sent and the transaction fees, if any, to be paid,
the spending party will transmit the spending transaction. The
transmission of the spending transaction results in the creation of
a data packet by the spending party’s Bitcoin software
program. The data packet includes data showing (i) the destination
digital wallet’s address, (ii) the number of Bitcoins being
sent, (iii) the transaction fees, if any, and (iv) the spending
party’s digital signature, verifying the authenticity of the
transaction. The data packet also includes references called
“inputs” and “outputs,” which are used by
the Blockchain to identify the source of the Bitcoins being spent
and record the flow of Bitcoins from one transaction to the next
transaction in which the Bitcoins are spent. The digital signature
exposes the spending party’s digital wallet address and
public key to the Bitcoin Network, though, for the receiving party,
only its digital wallet address is revealed. The spending
party’s Bitcoin software will transmit the data packet onto
the decentralized Bitcoin Network, resulting in the propagation of
the information among the software programs of Bitcoin users across
the Bitcoin Network for eventual inclusion in the Blockchain.
Typically, the data will spread to a vast majority of Bitcoin
miners within the course of less than one minute.
As
discussed in greater detail below in “Bitcoin Mining and
Creation of New Bitcoins,” Bitcoin miners record transactions
when they solve for and add blocks of information to the
Blockchain. When a miner solves for a block, it creates that block,
which includes data relating to (i) the solution to the block, (ii)
a reference to the prior block in the Blockchain to which the new
block is being added and (iii) all transactions that have occurred
but have not yet been added to the Blockchain. The miner becomes
aware of outstanding, unrecorded transactions through the data
packet transmission and propagation discussed above. Typically,
Bitcoin transactions will be recorded in the next chronological
block if the spending party has an internet connection and at least
one minute has passed between the transaction’s data packet
transmission and the solution of the next block. If a transaction
is not recorded in the next chronological block, it is usually
recorded in the next block thereafter.
Bitcoin
transactions that are micropayments (typically, less than 0.01
Bitcoins) and that do not include transaction fees to miners are
currently deprioritized for recording; meaning that, depending on
Bitcoin miner policies, these transactions may take longer to
record than typical transactions if the transactions do not include
a transaction fee. Additionally, transactions initiated by spending
wallets with poor connections to the Bitcoin Network (i.e., few or
poor-quality connections to nodes or
“supernodes” that relay transaction data) may be
delayed in the propagation of their transaction data and,
therefore, transaction recording on the Blockchain. Finally, to the
extent that a miner chooses to limit the transactions it includes
in a solved block (whether by the payment of transaction fees or
otherwise), a transaction not meeting that miner’s criteria
will not be included.
To the extent that a transaction has not yet been recorded, there
is a greater chance that the spending wallet can double -spend the
Bitcoins sent in the original transaction. If the next block solved
is by an honest miner not involved in the attempt to double -spend
Bitcoin and if the transaction data for both the original and
double -spend transactions have been propagated onto the Bitcoin
Network, the transaction that is received with the earlier time
stamp will be recorded by the solving miner, regardless of whether
the double -spending transaction includes a larger transaction fee.
If the double -spend transaction propagates to the solving miner
and the original transaction has not, then the double- spending has
a greater chance of success. As a result of the high difficulty in
successfully initiating a double spend without the assistance of a
coordinated attack, the probability of success for a double -spend
transaction attempt is limited. See “Double -Spending and the
Bitcoin Network Confirmation System” and “Forms of
Attack Against the Bitcoin Network” below.
Upon the addition of a block included in the Blockchain, the
Bitcoin software program of both the spending party and the
receiving party will show confirmation of the transaction on the
Blockchain and reflect an adjustment to the Bitcoin balance in each
party’s digital wallet, completing the Bitcoin transaction.
Typically, Bitcoin software programs will automatically check for
and display additional confirmations of six or more blocks in the
Blockchain. See “Double- Spending and the Bitcoin Network
Confirmation System” below.
Bitcoin Mining and Creation of New Bitcoins
Mining Process
The
“mining process” or “mining” is the process
by which Bitcoins are created and Bitcoin transactions are
verified. To begin mining, a user, or “miner,” can
download and run a mining client, which, like regular Bitcoin
Network software programs, turns the user’s computer into a
“node” on the Bitcoin Network that validates blocks.
Bitcoin transactions are recorded in new blocks that are added to
the Blockchain and new Bitcoins being issued to the miners. Miners,
through the use of the Bitcoin software program, engage in a set of
prescribed complex mathematical calculations in order to add a
block to the Blockchain and thereby confirm Bitcoin transactions
included in that block’s data.
Most
Bitcoin transactions are recorded in blocks added to the
Blockchain. Each block contains the details of some or all of the
most recent transactions that are not memorialized in prior blocks,
as well as a record of the award of Bitcoins to the miner who added
the new block. In order to add blocks to the Blockchain, a miner
must map an input data set (i.e., the Blockchain, plus a block of
the most recent Bitcoin Network transactions and an arbitrary
number called a “nonce”) to a desired output data set
of a predetermined length (the “hash value”) using the
SHA256 cryptographic hash algorithm. Each unique block can
only be solved and added to the Blockchain by one miner; therefore,
all individual miners and mining pools on the Bitcoin Network are
engaged in a competitive process of constantly increasing their
computing power to improve their likelihood of solving for new
blocks. As more miners join the Bitcoin Network and its processing
power increases, the Bitcoin Network adjusts the complexity of the
block solving equation to maintain a predetermined pace of
adding a new block to the Blockchain approximately every ten
minutes.
A
miner’s proposed block is added to the Blockchain once a
majority of the nodes on the Bitcoin Network confirms the
miner’s work. Miners that are successful in adding a block to
the Blockchain are automatically awarded Bitcoins for their effort
plus any transaction fees paid by transferors whose transactions
are recorded in the block. This reward system is the method by
which new Bitcoins enter into circulation to the
public.
Incentives for Mining
As
noted above, miners that are successful in adding a block to the
Blockchain are automatically awarded Bitcoins for their effort.
Given the increasing difficulty of the target established by the
Bitcoin Network, current miners are required to invest in expensive
mining devices with adequate processing power to hash at a
competitive rate. The first wave of mining devices used central
processing units (CPUs) used in standard home computers. Miners
soon discovered that graphic processing units (GPUs) provided them
with more processing power and the second wave of miners entered
the Bitcoin Network. Today, the Bitcoin Network is well into a
third wave of mining devices, which consist of mining computers
that are designed solely for mining purposes. Such devices include
ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) machines built
specifically for Bitcoin mining by specialized companies. These new
computers are significantly more expensive than standard home
computers. Miners also incur substantial electricity costs in order
to continuously power and cool their devices while solving for a
new block.
The
Bitcoin Network is designed in such a way that the reward for
adding new blocks to the Blockchain decreases over time and the
production (and reward) of Bitcoins will eventually cease. Once
such incentive mechanism ceases to be profitable, miners will only
have transaction fees to incentivize them and as a result, it is
expected that miners will need to be better compensated with higher
transaction fees to ensure that there is adequate incentive for
them to continue mining.
Mining Pools
The
significant increase in the number of miners and the increasing in
mining capacity have radically increased the difficulty of finding
a valid hash since the first block was mined. In some respects,
hashing is akin to a mathematical lottery, and miners that have
devices with greater processing power (i.e., the ability to make
more hash calculations per second) are more likely to be successful
miners. Currently, the likelihood that an individual acting alone
will be able to be awarded a Bitcoin is extremely low. As a result,
mining “pools” have developed in which multiple miners
act cohesively and combine their processing power to solve blocks.
When a pool solves a new block, the pool operator receives the
Bitcoin and, after taking a nominal fee, splits the resulting
reward among the pool participants based on the processing power
they each contributed to solve for such block. Mining pools provide
participants with access to smaller, but steadier and more
frequent, Bitcoin payouts.
Cryptographic Security Used in the Bitcoin Network
Public and Private Keys
All
transactions on the Bitcoin Network are secured using public
key cryptography, a technique which underpins many online
transactions. Public key cryptography works by generating two
mathematically related keys (one a public key and the other a
private key). One of these, the private key, is retained in the
individual’s wallet and the other key is made public and
serves as the address to which a Bitcoin can be transferred and
from which money can be transferred by the owner of the Bitcoin
wallet. In the case of Bitcoin transactions, the public key is an
address (a string of letters and numbers) that is used to encode
payments, which can then only be retrieved with its associated
private key, and is used to authorize the transaction. In other
words, the payor uses his private key to approve any transfers to a
recipient’s account. Users on the Bitcoin Network can confirm
that the user signed the transaction with the appropriate private
key, but cannot reverse engineer the private key from the
signature.
Double Spending and the Bitcoin Network Confirmation
System
To
ensure the integrity of Bitcoin transactions from the
recipient’s side (i.e., to prevent double spending by a
payor), every Bitcoin transaction is broadcast to the Bitcoin
Network and recorded in the Blockchain through the “mining
process” (defined above), which timestamps the
transaction and memorializes the change in the ownership of the
Bitcoin(s) transferred. Adding a block to the Blockchain requires
Bitcoin “miners” (defined below) to exert significant
computational effort to verify it is a valid transaction. Requiring
this computational effort, or “proof of work,” prevents
a malicious actor from either adding fraudulent blocks to generate
Bitcoins (i.e., counterfeit Bitcoins) or overwriting existing valid
blocks to reverse its prior transactions.
A
transaction in Bitcoins between two parties is recorded in the
Blockchain in a block only if that block is accepted as valid by a
majority of the nodes on the Bitcoin Network. Validation of a block
is achieved by confirming the cryptographic hash value included in
the block’s solution and by the block’s addition to the
longest confirmed Blockchain on the Bitcoin Network. For a
transaction, inclusion in a block on the Blockchain constitutes a
“confirmation” of the Bitcoin transaction. As each
block contains a reference to the immediately preceding block,
additional blocks appended to and incorporated into the Blockchain
constitute additional confirmations of the transactions in such
prior blocks, and a transaction included in a block for the first
time is confirmed once against double spending. The layered
confirmation process makes changing historical blocks (and
reversing transactions) exponentially more difficult the further
back one goes in the Blockchain. Bitcoin Exchanges and users can
set their own threshold as to how many confirmations are required
until funds from the transferor are considered valid. However,
statistically speaking, a transaction is virtually final after six
confirmations as it would be extremely difficult to challenge the
validity of the transaction at that point.
At this
point in the evolution of the Bitcoin Network, Bitcoin transactions
are considered irreversible. Once a transaction appears in the
Blockchain, no one has the authority to reverse it. If someone were
to attempt to undo a past transaction in a block recorded on the
Blockchain, such individual would have to exert tremendous
processing power in a series of complicated transactions that may
not be achieved at this point in the Bitcoin Network’s
development.
Mathematically Controlled Supply
The
supply of new Bitcoins is mathematically controlled in a manner so
that the number of Bitcoins grows at a limited rate pursuant to a
preset schedule. The number of Bitcoins awarded for solving a
new block is automatically halved after every 210,000 blocks are
added to the Blockchain. Currently, the fixed reward for solving a
new block is 12.5 Bitcoins per block and this is expected to
decrease by half to become 6.25 Bitcoins after the next 210,000
blocks have entered the Bitcoin Network, which is expected to be
July 2020. This deliberately controlled rate of Bitcoin creation
means that the number of Bitcoins in existence will increase at a
controlled rate until the number of Bitcoins in existence reaches
the predetermined 21 million Bitcoins. According to
www.coinmarketcap.com, as of September 29, 2017, approximately
16.30 million Bitcoins have been mined, and estimates of when the
21 million Bitcoin limitation will be reached range up to the year
2140.
In the
case of Ethereum (Ether), according to www.coinmarketcap.com, the
total supply of Ether and its rate of issuance was decided by the
donations gathered during the 2014 presale. At its inception, sixty
million Ether were created to contributors of the presale. From
there on, five Ether are created every block that is mined which is
in turn rewarded to the miner of the transaction. As stated before,
this allows the supply of Ether to grow ad infinitum in contrast to
Bitcoin’s limited supply of twenty-one million. As of October
26, 2017, there are 95.3 million Ether in circulation.
Litecoins
supply control structure is extremely similar to Bitcoin in that it
is capped at a finite amount that is four times that of Bitcoin (84
million). The mining reward is also similar in that it is halved
every 840,000 blocks in comparison to Bitcoins halving every
210,000 blocks. According to www.coinmarket.com, as of October 26,
2017, there are 53.5 million Litecoins in circulation.
Modifications to the Bitcoin Protocol
Bitcoin
is an open source project (i.e., a product whose source code is
freely available to the public and that utilizes crowdsourcing to
identify possible issues, problems and defects) with no official
developer or group of developers that controls the Bitcoin Network.
However, the Bitcoin Network’s development is overseen by a
core group of developers including those employed by MIT Media
Lab’s Digital Currency Initiative (the “Core
Developers”). The Core Developers are able to access and can
alter the Bitcoin Network source code and, as a result, they are
responsible for quasi official releases of updates and other
changes to the Bitcoin Network’s source code. The release of
updates to the Bitcoin Network’s source code does not
guarantee that the updated will be automatically adopted. Users and
miners must accept any changes made to the Bitcoin source code by
downloading the proposed modification of the Bitcoin
Network’s source code. A modification of the Bitcoin
Network’s source code is only effective with respect to the
Bitcoin users and miners who download it. If a modification is
accepted only by a percentage of users and miners, a division in
the Bitcoin Network will occur such that one network will run the
premodification source code and the other network will run
the modified source code. Such a division is known as a
“fork” in the Bitcoin Network. See “Risk Factors
Related to Cryptocurrency Networks and Cryptocurrency.” The
acceptance of Bitcoin Network software patches or upgrades by a
significant, but not overwhelming, percentage of the users and
miners in the Bitcoin Network could result in a “fork”
in the Blockchain, resulting in the operation of two separate
networks.” Consequently, as a practical matter, a
modification to the source code only becomes part of the Bitcoin
Network if accepted by participants collectively having a majority
of the processing power on the Bitcoin Network.
Core
Development of the Bitcoin source code has increasingly focused on
modifications of the Bitcoin protocol to allow nonfinancial
and next generation uses (sometimes referred to as Bitcoin 2.0
projects). These uses include smart contracts and distributed
registers built into, built atop or pegged alongside the
Blockchain. For example, the white paper for Blockstream, a company
of which Core Developers Pieter Wuille and Gregory Maxwell are a
part, calls for the use of “pegged sidechains” to
develop programming environments that are built within block chain
ledgers that can interact with and rely on the security of the
Bitcoin Network and Blockchain, while remaining independent
thereof. The Trust’s activities will not directly relate to
Bitcoin 2.0 projects, though Bitcoin 2.0 projects may utilize
Bitcoins as tokens for the facilitation of their nonfinancial
uses, thereby potentially increasing demand for Bitcoins and the
utility of the Bitcoin Network as a whole. Conversely, Bitcoin 2.0
projects that operate and are built within the Blockchain may
increase the data flow on the Bitcoin Network and could either
“bloat” the size of the Blockchain or slow confirmation
times. At this time, Bitcoin 2.0 projects remain in early stages
and have not been materially integrated into the Blockchain or
Bitcoin Network.
Bitcoin Value
Bitcoins
are not a fiat currency (i.e., a currency that is backed by a
central bank or a national, supranational or
quasinational organization) and are not backed by hard assets
or other credit. As a result, the value of Bitcoins is currently
determined by the value that various market participants place on
Bitcoins through their transactions.
According
to www.coinmarketcap.com, the current value, as of October 26,
2017, of Bitcoin is U.S. $5,927.27, of Ethereum is U.S. $299.11,
and of Litecoin is U.S. $56.57.
Exchange Valuation
Due to
the peer-to-peer framework of the Bitcoin Network and
the protocols thereunder, transferors and recipients of Bitcoins
are able to determine the value of the Bitcoins transferred by
mutual agreement or barter with respect to their transactions. As a
result, the most common means of determining the value of a Bitcoin
is by surveying one or more Bitcoin Exchanges where Bitcoins are
bought, sold, and traded. On each Bitcoin Exchange, Bitcoins are
traded with publicly disclosed valuations for each transaction,
measured by one or more fiat currencies such as the U.S. Dollar or
the Chinese Yuan.
Numerous
factors have impacted the value of Bitcoins. For example,
historically, a large percentage of the global Bitcoin trading
volume occurred on self-reported, unregulated
exchanges in China, thus the Bitcoin exchange industry in China has
had an impact on the value of Bitcoins in the past. In January
2017, when transaction fees for Bitcoin was implanted, the effect
was a reduction in the volume traded on Chinese exchanges and
changed the global liquidity profile for Bitcoins, which put
downward pressure on the valuation. On September 15, 2017, when
Chinese authorities banned Bitcoin sales and local exchanges under
regulatory pressure, the price fell as low as $2,972—a drop
of 40% from a high of just below $5,000 earlier that
month—before recovering to about $3,600 in the
afternoon.
In
September 2017, Russian authorities stated the intent to ban
cryptocurrency. In the same month, Japan issued operating licenses
to eleven new Bitcoin exchanges. As of October 16, 2017,
Bitcoin’s price had increased to over $5,600.
October
10, 2017, there was a reported flash crash of Bitcoin, but only one
exchange is reported to have logged it.
However,
the main driving force behind bitcoin’s value has to do with
supply and demand. The price fluctuation of bitcoin is similar to
that of securities. When there is skepticism in the market, such as
with the 2017 China crackdown, people decide to capitalize on their
already materialized gains and sell. This causes more people to
sell and the price resultantly drops. The opposite occurs when
there are positive developments in the market. When a company or
corporation begins accepting bitcoin as payment, or makes
investments in the blockchain, players in the market view this in a
similar way to a positive earnings report from a public company.
Buy orders flood the exchanges thus driving the price up. What we
have seen in the market recently with bitcoin hitting
all-time highs is also similar to securities
markets.
What we
have seen in recent years is a boom in the number of exchanges and
merchants as well. Compared to previous years, there are more
places than ever to buy sell and trade bitcoin (among other
cryptocurrencies). This trajectory towards a more
“mainstream” acceptance has contributed to bitcoins
success dramatically.
Forms of Attack Against the Bitcoin Network
Exploitation of Flaws in the Bitcoin Network’s Source
Code
As with
any other computer code, flaws in the Bitcoin Network source code
have been exposed by certain malicious actors. Several errors and
defects have been found and corrected, including those that
disabled some functionality for users, exposed users’
information, or allowed users to create multiple views of the
Bitcoin Network. Discovery of flaws in or exploitations of the
source code that allow malicious actors to take or create money in
contravention of known Bitcoin Network rules have been relatively
rare. For example, in 2010, a hacker or group of hackers exploited
a flaw in the Bitcoin Network source code that allowed them to
generate 184 billion Bitcoins in a transaction and send them to two
digital wallet addresses. However, the Bitcoin community and
developers identified and reversed the manipulated transactions
within approximately three hours, and the flaw was corrected with
an updated version of the Bitcoin protocol.
The
Core Developers, in conjunction with other developers and miners,
work continuously in an attempt to ensure that flaws are quickly
fixed or removed. Because open source codes rely on transparency to
promote community sourced identification and solution of
problems within the code, such flaws have been discovered and
quickly corrected by the Core Developers or the Bitcoin
community.
Greater than 50% of Network Computational Power
A
malicious actor can structure an attack after such actor gains
control of more than half of the Bitcoin Network’s processing
power or “hashrate.” During May and June 2014, mining
pool GHash.io’s hashing power approached 50% of the
processing power on the Bitcoin Network. During a brief period in
early June, the mining pool may have controlled in excess of one
half of the Bitcoin Network’s processing power.
Although no malicious activity or abnormal transaction recording
was observed, the incident establishes that it is possible that a
substantial mining pool may accumulate close to or more than a
majority of the processing power on the Bitcoin
Network.
If a
malicious actor acquired sufficient computational power necessary
to control the Bitcoin Network, among other things, it would be
able to reverse transactions and possibly engage in double
spending, or prevent some or all transactions from being
confirmed, and prevent some or all other miners from mining any
valid new blocks. A number of computer scientists and
cryptographers believe that the immense collective processing power
of the Bitcoin Network makes it impracticable for an actor to gain
control of computers representing a majority of the processing
power on the Bitcoin Network.
Cancer Nodes
Cancer
nodes are fake Bitcoin nodes, which a malicious actor sets up to
either place connecting users on a separate network or disconnect
them from all networks. This form of attack involves a malicious
actor propagating “cancer nodes” to isolate certain
users from the legitimate Bitcoin Network. A target user who is
surrounded by such cancer nodes would be placed on a separate
“network,” allowing the malicious actor to relay only
blocks created by the separate network and thus opening the target
user to double spending attacks. By using cancer nodes, a
malicious actor can also disconnect the target user from the
Bitcoin economy entirely by refusing to relay any blocks or
transactions. Bitcoin software programs make these attacks more
difficult by limiting the number of outbound connections through
which users are connected to the Bitcoin Network.
Double Spending Risks
A
malicious actor may attempt to double spend Bitcoins by
manipulating the formation of the Blockchain rather than through
control of the Bitcoin Network. Variations of this form of attack
include the “Finney attack,” “race attack”
and “vector76 attack.” In this type of attack, a miner
creates a valid new block containing a double- spend transaction
and schedules the release of such attack block so that it is added
to the Blockchain before a target user’s legitimate
transaction can be included in a block. All double -spend attacks
require that the miner sequence and execute the steps of its attack
with sufficient speed and accuracy. Typically, transactions that
allow for a zero confirmation acceptance tend to be prone to these
types of attacks. Users and merchants can reduce the risk of
a double
-spend attack
by waiting for multiple confirmations from the Bitcoin Network
before settling a transaction. These attacks require extensive
coordination and are very expensive. Accordingly, traders and
merchants may still execute instantaneous, low-
value transactions
without confirmation, because it is generally agreed that a
malicious miner would be unwilling to carry out a double -spend
attack for low-
value transactions.
Users and merchants can take additional precautions by adjusting
their Bitcoin Network software programs to connect only to
other well
connected nodes and to disable incoming connections. These
precautions reduce the risk of double-
spend attacks involving
manipulation of a target’s connectivity to the Bitcoin
Network (as is the case with vector76 and race
attacks).
Market Participants
Miners
Miners
range from Bitcoin enthusiasts to professional mining operations
that design and build dedicated machines and data centers, but the
vast majority of mining is now undertaken by mining pools. See
“—Bitcoin Mining and Creation of New Bitcoins”
above.
Investment and Speculative Sector
This sector includes the investment
and trading activities of both private and professional investors
and speculators. These participants range from hedge funds such as
Jersey- based Global Advisors
(Jersey) Limited (GABI) to day traders who invest in Bitcoins by
trading on Bitcoin Exchanges such as Luxembourg -based Bitstamp and Hong Kong -based Bitfinex. See “Bitcoin
Exchange Market” below.
Historically,
larger financial services institutions are publicly reported to
have limited involvement in investment and trading in Bitcoin. In
December 2013, Wedbush Securities and Bank of America Merrill Lynch
released preliminary research reports on Bitcoin as both a payment
tool and investment vehicle. Additionally, in
December, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago released a primer on
Bitcoin prepared by a senior economist. In early 2014, Fitch
Ratings, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, PricewaterhouseCoopers, UBS
Securities and Wedbush Securities, among others, released
additional research reports analyzing Bitcoin on the basis of
Bitcoin value, technological innovation or payment system
mechanics. In December 2014, the Federal Reserve Board’s
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs
released an analysis of the Bitcoin Network’s transaction
system and the Bitcoin Exchange Market’s economics. In 2015,
the following eight banking giants become involved in Bitcoin and
blockchain technology, BNP Paribas, Société
Générale, Citibank, UBS, Barclays, Goldman Sachs, Banco
Santander, Standard Chartered. In addition, institutions including
Alliance Bernstein, Goldman Sachs and KPMG issued further research
reports. Additionally, institutions including Goldman Sachs, Citi,
NASDAQ, Visa, Mastercard, CME Group, CIBC, Fortress Investment
Group, J.P. Morgan, The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
and The PNC Financial Services Group made, or proposed to make,
direct or indirect investments in Bitcoins or the Bitcoin
ecosystem. In 2016, this list grew to include ABN AMRO, Accenture,
ASX Limited, Broadridge Financial Solutions, Deutsche Börse
Group, ICAP, AXA Strategic Ventures, Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ,
Thomson Reuters, and Wells Fargo.
The
current environment surrounding bitcoins is speculative, with large
financial institutions taking both sides on the viability of the
cryptocurrency industry. In 2017, Goldman Sachs published a report
focused on cryptocurrency in which it suggests that clients should
be keeping a closer eye on the market. On the other hand, JP
Morgan’s CEO has come out vocally against the cryptocurrency
industry, while at the same time supporting the application of
blockchain technology.
Retail Sector
The
retail sector includes users transacting in direct peer
to peer Bitcoin transactions through the direct sending of
Bitcoins over the Bitcoin Network. The retail sector also includes
transactions between consumers paying for goods or services from
commercial or service businesses through direct transactions or
third-party service providers such as BitPay, Coinbase, and GoCoin.
BitPay, Coinbase, and GoCoin provide a merchant platform for
instantaneous transactions whereby the consumer sends Bitcoins to
BitPay, Coinbase, or GoCoin, which then provides either the
Bitcoins or the cash value thereof to the commercial or service
business utilizing the platform. PayPal, Square, and Shopify are
examples of traditional merchant payment processors or merchant
platforms that have also added Bitcoin payment options for their
merchant customers. Payment processing through Bitcoin typically
reduces the transaction cost for merchants, relative to the costs
paid for credit card transaction processing.
Service Sector
The
service sector is the sector in which our company will operate.
This sector includes companies that provide a variety of services
including the buying, selling, payment processing, and storing of
Bitcoins. Bitfinex, Bitstamp, and OKCoin are three of the largest
Bitcoin Exchanges in the world. BTCC, Huobi and OKCoin are large
Bitcoin Exchanges based in China that primarily feature trading of
Bitcoins for Chinese Yuan. Coinbase is a multiservice
financial institution that provides digital wallets that store
Bitcoins for users and also serves as a retail gateway whereby
users can purchase Bitcoins for fiat currency. Coinbase, BitPay,
BitPagos, and GoCoin are examples of Bitcoin payment processors
that allow merchants to accept Bitcoins as payment. As the Bitcoin
Network continues to grow in acceptance, it is anticipated that
service providers will expand the currently available range of
services and that additional parties will enter the service sector
for the Bitcoin Network. For example, Bitcoin custodian Xapo was
the first Bitcoin company to propose and provide a Bitcoin debit
card service that could permit simpler point
of sale merchant transactions denominated in Bitcoins.
Meanwhile, BitGo, a Bitcoin custodian and digital wallet, has
pioneered the use of “multisignature” storage as
an enhanced security feature to retail and enterprise
clients.
Bitcoin Market
Global Bitcoin Market
Global
trade in Bitcoins consists of individual end user
to end user transactions, together with facilitated
exchange based Bitcoin trading. A limited market currently
exists for Bitcoin based derivatives. There is currently no
reliable data on the total number or demographic composition of
users or miners on the Bitcoin Network.
Bitcoin Exchange Market
Online
Bitcoin Exchanges represent a substantial percentage of Bitcoin
buying and selling activity and provide the most data with respect
to prevailing valuations of Bitcoins. Currently, there are several
Bitcoin Exchanges operating worldwide. These exchanges include
established exchanges such as Bitstamp, GDAX (formerly known as
Coinbase Exchange), and Bitfinex, which provide a number of options
for buying and selling Bitcoins. Among the Bitcoin Exchanges
eligible for inclusion in the Index, domicile, regulation, and
legal compliance varies.
Dark Pools
In
addition to open online Bitcoin Exchanges, there are “dark
pools,” which are Bitcoin trading platforms that do not
publicly report Bitcoin trade data. Market participants have the
ability to execute large block trades on a dark pool without
revealing those trades and the related price data to the public
Bitcoin Exchange Market, although any withdrawal from or deposit to
a dark pool platform may be recorded on the Blockchain. Tradehill
is an example of one such institutional dark pool, although it
halted operations in August 2013 to allow for regulatory compliance
upgrades. Genesis also operates a form of dark pool through a
trading desk that buys and sells large blocks of Bitcoins without
publicly reporting trade data. Informal dark pools are currently
believed to exist, particularly among wholesale buyers of Bitcoin
and Bitcoin mining groups that obtain large supplies of Bitcoin
through mining. Such informal dark pools function as a result of
the peer-to-peer nature of the Bitcoin Network, which allows direct
transactions between any seller and buyer. As the Bitcoin Exchange
Market and Bitcoin dark pools have a limited history, it is
difficult to estimate the impact of dark pools on the Bitcoin
Exchange Market.
Goods and Services
Bitcoins
increasingly can be used to purchase goods and services, either
online or at physical locations. While reliable data is not readily
available on the retail and commercial market penetration of the
Bitcoin Network, there are numerous indications of its increasing
acceptance. For example, the Bitcoin payment processors Bitpay and
Coinbase publicly represent that over 100,000 businesses and
organizations are now using those processors’ services to
accept Bitcoin payments. Additionally, PayPal announced that it
would allow merchants that use its payment processing services to
accept Bitcoin. A wide range of industries now accept Bitcoins as a
form of payment. Additionally, for-profit internet-based companies
such as Microsoft, WordPress, Reddit, Zynga, Expedia, Dell,
TigerDirect.com and Overstock.com, as well as non-profit
institutions such as Khan Academy and charitable organizations such
as the Red Cross have received attention for accepting donations in
Bitcoins.
While
Bitcoin and BitPay currently dominate the area of goods and
services, there are still businesses like CoinPayments.net and
GoCoin.com which allow merchants to accept other cryptocurrencies
such as Ethereum and Litecoin. Even though the acceptance of
Litecoin and Ethereum is lesser than that of Bitcoin, the use as
currency for each has grown more and more each year. Overstock.com
not only accepts Bitcoin but Litecoin and Ethereum as well. Large
enterprises such as Cisco Systems have become involved with smaller
cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum, as evidenced by joining the
Enterprise Ethereum Alliance in early 2017.The Enterprise Ethereum
Alliance connects Fortune 500 enterprises, startups, academics, and
technology vendors with Ethereum subject matter
experts.
End User to End User
The Bitcoin end user to end user ecosystem operates on a
continuous, 24 hour per day basis. This is accomplished through
decentralized peer to peer transactions between parties on a
principal to principal basis.
All risks and issues of credit are between the parties directly
involved in the transaction. Liquidity can change from time to time
during the course of a 24-hour trading day. The Bitcoin Network
rules that require transaction fees are generally not enforced,
therefore transaction costs, if any, are negotiable between the
parties and may vary widely, although, where transaction fees are
included, they are paid by the sending party in a Bitcoin
transaction. These transactions occur remotely through the
internet, and in-person through forums. There are currently no
official designated market makers for Bitcoins and hence no
standard transaction sizes, bid-offer spreads or typical known cost
per transaction. Bitzumi is intended to create a market by bringing
together counterparties trading in Bitcoins. In addition, Bitzumi
plans to partner with other market markers, such as Bitstamp, to
provide liquidity to its exchange. This means that when a customer
comes to the exchange with an order that is too large to fill,
Bitzumi has a source of inventory for the respective currency to
fulfill the order. For example, if a customer comes to the exchange
with a Buy order for 1,000 BTC in which no one is selling 1,000
BTC, Bitzumi’s Remarketer powered by AlphaPoint’s API
fills that order by purchasing the inventory from Bitstamp and thus
filling the order properly and efficiently. This is not needed for
all transactions as Buy and Sell orders will fill themselves in
almost all cases. The market makers including Bitstamp allow
Bitzumi to provide liquidity to the exchange without having to rely
strictly on the customers.
Government Oversight
As
cryptocurrency have grown in both popularity and market size, the
U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies
(including FinCEN, SEC, CFTC, FINRA, the Consumer Financial
Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), the Department of Justice,
the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the IRS and state financial institution regulators)
have been examining the operations of cryptocurrency,
cryptocurrency users and cryptocurrency exchanges, with particular
focus on the extent to which cryptocurrency can be used to launder
the proceeds of illegal activities or fund criminal or terrorist
enterprises and the safety and soundness of exchanges or other
service-providers that hold cryptocurrency for users. Many of these
state and federal agencies have issued consumer advisories
regarding the risks posed by cryptocurrency to investors. In
addition, Federal and state agencies, and other countries have
issued rules or guidance about the treatment of cryptocurrency
transactions or requirements for businesses engaged in
cryptocurrency activity. On-going and future regulatory actions may
alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of an
investment in the company or the ability of the company to continue
to operate. Additionally, U.S. state and Federal, and foreign
regulators and legislatures have taken action against
cryptocurrency businesses or enacted restrictive regimes in
response to adverse publicity arising from hacks, consumer harm, or
criminal activity stemming from cryptocurrency activity. See
“Risk Factors Related to the Regulation.”
Various
foreign jurisdictions may, in the near future, adopt laws,
regulations or directives that affect cryptocurrency networks,
cryptocurrency wallets, and their users that fall within such
jurisdictions’ regulatory scope. Such laws, regulations, or
directives may conflict with those of the United States and may
negatively impact the acceptance of cryptocurrency by users,
merchants, and service providers outside the United States and may
therefore impede the growth or sustainability of the cryptocurrency
economy in the European Union, China, Japan, Russia and the United
States and globally, or otherwise negatively affect the value of
cryptocurrency.
The
effect of any future regulatory change on the company or
cryptocurrency is impossible to predict, but such change could be
substantial and adverse to the company.
Company Information
The
company was organized on June 13, 2017 under the laws of the State
of Delaware. Our principal executive office is located at 55 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY 10003, and our telephone number is
347-491-4016. Our website address is www.bitzumi.com.
On July
24, 2017, we launched a beta version 1.1 of www.bitzumi.com to test our
exchange and wallet on a limited basis. On September 22, 2017, we
registered with FinCen as a money services business and are in the
process of obtaining licenses as a money transmitter business in
each of the 50 states. We anticipate having a public launch of
www.bitzumi.com by
early 2018.
On July
24, 2017, we launched a beta version of www.ebitnews.com to develop a
cryptocurrency publication business.
Below
is an overview of our corporate structure:
We have
not participated in any bankruptcy, receivership, or similar
proceeding. We have not had any material reclassification, merger,
consolidation, or purchase or sale of a significant amount of
assets not in the ordinary course of business.
Our Business
We
anticipate that Bitzumi will be a vertically-integrated Bitcoin
exchange and marketplace. Our mission is to drive growth to the
cryptocurrency industry. We plan to launch our business
divisions with a phased approach. Initially, our primary focus will
be to develop a publishing and marketing company, aimed to educate
potential Bitzumi exchange/wallet consumers, and to gain name
recognition. We intend to deliver users to Bitzumi’s and
affiliate crypto-related offerings and products. Ultimately, we
intend for our primary product to be our cryptocurrency exchange
and digital storage on www.bitzumi.com. We also plan to develop
various educational and information products and newsletters
focusing on the cryptocurrency industry.
We
anticipate implementing a two-phased approach to our business
model. Phase I is to focus on developing an online presence to
direct users and traffic to our targeted crypto-related products.
In Phase II (following the public launch of our exchange), we plan
to evaluate blockchain technologies and other growth initiatives,
including developing our Bitzumi Coins division. Since we believe
the most prominent use case for blockchain technologies is digital
currencies, we expect to create special purpose coins for
particular industries as our focus in Phase II. We anticipate
continuing to evaluate other blockchain technology opportunities,
as well as technologies that are complementary to our business
strategy in an effort to minimize risks and enhance shareholder
value. This will include evaluating opportunities that diversify
our revenue streams, provide other consumer services and provide
on-ramps for new users.
Our
business model in Phase I is to focus on developing an online
presence to direct users and traffic to our targeted crypto-related
products. Below is an illustration our business model:
Principal Product/Services
We
anticipate that our principal products and services in Phase I will
be the following:
Publication / News Portal
On
October 4, 2017, we entered into a 50% joint venture with Ibis
Venture and formed Bitzumi Publishing, LLC, a New York limited
liability company (“Bitzumi Publishing”), to develop
our publishing business. Bitzumi Publishing plans to grow our
publishing business network by acquiring and
developing:
●
Niche satellite
websites
●
Technology to
support network
●
Influencers and
thought leaders
Our
initial product will be to market our news site www.ebitnews.com which we beta
launched on June 27, 2017. We plan to also market various
cryptocurrency newsletters and related informational and
educational products. On October 9, 2017, Bitzumi Publishing
partnered with Agora Financial, LLC with the intention to market
and sell a newsletter highlighting investment opportunities within
the cryptocurrency industry, including details of new initial coin
offerings. The newsletter is created by James Altucher, one of our
co-founders. We are currently in the process of setting up our
affiliate and marketing networks relating to this newsletter and
other product offerings. We expect to launch Bitzumi Publishing
business in 2018.
Our
expected strategy with our publication business is to educate
consumers on cryptocurrency and blockchain technology and to
monetize on traffic through advertising and product sales through
both our owned and operated assets as well as third-parties.
Bitzumi Publishing’s strategy is illustrated
below:
We
anticipate launching our publishing business in 2018.
We
anticipate that our principal products and services in Phase II
will be the following:
Exchange and Wallet
We anticipate Bitzumi will be a
cryptocurrency exchange that we expect to provide a reliable and
secure way to buy, sell, store, and trade to and from the following
fiat and digital currencies: US dollars, Bitcoin, Litecoin, and
Ethereum We expect Bitzumi to provide 24/7 access to
customers’ digital wallets as well as liquidity into USD
through integration with customer debit cards. We are still in the
research and development phase of this product. We intend that
Bitzumi will focus on four key elements to distinguish itself from
its competitors: security, customer support, a mix of advanced and
simple trading tools, and most importantly, liquidity. Our business
model is projected to focus on growth through customer acquisitions
and marketing of our platform. In addition, on January 10,
2018, Bitzumi entered into a joint venture and servicing agreement
with Acacia to create a patent registration platform using
Blockchain technology. That agreement appears as Exhibit 6.7 to the
Offering Statement of which this Offering Circular forms a
part.
Payment Processing and Escrow
We plan
to develop processing and escrow technology to facilitate the use
of cryptocurrency in various industries. The platform is under
development and we anticipate that it will be launched in
2018.
In
Phase II (following the public launch of our exchange), we plan to
evaluate blockchain technologies and other growth initiatives,
including developing our Bitzumi Coins division. Since we believe
that the most prominent use case for blockchain technologies is
digital currencies, we expect that creating special purpose coins
for particular industries is our focus in Phase II. We anticipate
continuing to evaluate other blockchain technology opportunities,
as well as technologies that are complementary to our business
strategy in an effort to minimize risks and enhance shareholder
value. This is expected to include evaluating opportunities that
diversify our revenue streams, provide other consumer services and
provide on-ramps for new users. We are still in the research and
development phase of this product.
Competition
The
industry is still in its infancy and we believe that the key
differentiator will be marketing and customer acquisition
strategies. We believe that our current and future competition is
centered on the following areas:
●
Merchants that
choose to accept digital currencies at their branded websites and
affiliate seller websites;
●
Physical
“brick and mortar” locations, distributors, vendors and
manufacturers that sell products and accept digital currencies as
payment;
●
Other mobile
applications, websites, shopping sites, niche aggregation sites,
private sale sites and group buying sites that sell or distribute
products in exchange for digital currency;
●
Companies that are
engaged in transaction verification services which may have lower
operating costs then our operations;
●
Providers of mobile
applications and websites, that offer secure storage solutions for
digital currency; and
●
Digital currency
focused companies that offer exchange, payment processing,
remittance, money transmission service, and financial services that
enable consumers or vendors to exchange or improve the acceptance
of digital currency.
We
believe that many of our current and potential competitors have
greater resources, longer histories, more customers, and greater
brand recognition. They may secure better terms from suppliers,
adopt more aggressive pricing, and devote more resources to
technology, infrastructure, fulfillment, and marketing. Other
companies also may enter into business combinations or alliances
that strengthen their competitive positions.
There
are numerous digital currencies founded on cryptography, other than
Bitcoin, Ethererum, and Litecoin, including: Ripple, IOTA, NEM
dash, NEO, Ethereum classic, Monero, Zcash, OmiseGo, and many
others. We believe that the Bitcoin Network, however, possesses the
“first to market” advantage and has
captured the majority of the industry’s market share. We
believe that Litecoin and Ethereum are also among the most
prominent digital currencies. While there are many exchanges that
offer cryptocurrency buy and sell services around the globe, we
view the most notable as being Coinbase, Bitstamp, and GDAX (a
subsidiary of Coinbase).
Coinbase
Founded
in 2012, Coinbase operates in 32 countries serving over 7 million
customers (as of May 2017). With a casual investor and retail
investor customer focus, Coinbase is the most popular and
well-known exchange.
GDAX (Global Digital Asset Exchange)
A
subsidiary of Coinbase, GDAX was creating to fulfill the market
need for high volume, skilled traders in the digital asset
marketplace. GDAX allows users to buy and sell cryptocurrencies
just like Coinbase, but in higher volume and at lower cost. GDAX is
considered to be the “etrade of
cryptocurrencies”.
Bitstamp
Founded
in Luxembourg in 2011, Bitstamp was one of the first exchanges to
be licensed in all 50 U.S. states, as well as the first Ripple
gateway. As well as being licensed in the United States, Bitstamp
is fully licensed in the European Union as well.
The
below table is a list of other exchange and monthly volume as of
September 29, 2017. All figures provided by coinmarketcap.com,
Bitcoincharts.com
and data.Bitcoinity.org.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coinbase
|
520,000
|
2,170,480,000
|
A+
|
BTC, LTC,
ETH
|
|
Bitstamp
|
360,000
|
1,502,640,000
|
A
|
BTC. XRP,
LTC
|
|
CEX.IO
|
29,400
|
122,715,600
|
A
|
75+
pairings
|
|
Local
Bitcoins
|
13,181
|
55,017,494
|
A
|
BTC
|
|
Kraken
|
137,160
|
572,505,840
|
B+
|
BTC, ETH, LTC,
Dash
|
|
BITFINEX
|
1,196,760
|
4,995,276,240
|
B+
|
BTC, ETH, LTC, ETC,
ZEC
|
|
Poloniex
|
180,000
|
751,320,000
|
B+
|
BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP,
ETC, ZEC
|
|
GDAX
|
309,000
|
1,289,766,000
|
B+
|
BTC, ETH,
LTC
|
Suppliers/Manufacturers
Our company plans to use remarketers to provide customers with
access to cryptocurrency. Bitzumi will partner with other exchanges
in order to have the necessary inventory of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and
Litecoin at any given moment to fill an order. See explanation
regarding liquidity in Bitcoin Market—End User to End
User.
Technology
We use
third-party open source platforms as well as internally developed
tools to operate our website, and a combination of proprietary
technologies and commercially available licensed technologies and
solutions to support our operations. We license Exchange software
from AlphaPoint. AlphaPoint will all provide all technical support
and maintenance for our exchange. AlphaPoint is entitled to 20%
revenues for commissions, with a minimum of $10,000 fee per month.
We have pre-paid for all licensing and support until July
2018.
We have
entered into an agreement with IdentityMind to provide Anti-Money
Laundering (“AML”) and Know Your Customer
(“KYC”) integration software to properly operate our
exchange. IdentityMind is responsible for all of our KYC services
and regulatory compliance. KYC is a vital aspect of our business,
as we must know whom our customers are and have proper
documentation. With this service, IdentityMind ensures that people
who should not have access to an anonymous currency, such as
Bitcoin, do not gain such access. This includes someone with a
history of fraud or a criminal record such that their access to the
exchange could be seen as a risk. IdentityMind’s services
extend to AML to the extent that, in tandem with trading limits,
large buy and sell orders are monitored and suspicious activity is
identified and reported to us. For example, if an account holder is
buying their weekly or monthly limit each period respectively,
IdentityMind’s Application Programming Interface
(“API”) allows us to see this as a potential risk so
that we can appropriately respond to ensure there is no illegal
conduct occurring.
Required Government Approval
On
September 22, 2017, we registered with FinCen as a money services
business and are in the process of obtaining licenses as a money
transmitter business in each of the 50 states. We anticipate having
a full public launch by early 2018.
This
process is expensive and time-consuming. The timeframe for
obtaining all the necessary licenses is not predictable. The effect
of these and potential future governmental regulations on the
business could have a materially adverse effect on our
business as well as increase our costs for compliance.
Intellectual Property
Our
trademark (in application, filed September 5, 2017), domain names,
and proprietary technology are needed for us to remain competitive
and we rely on trademark, copyright, patent law, trade-secret
protection, and confidentiality and/or license agreements with our
employees, customers, partners, and others to protect our
proprietary rights. We have registered, or applied for the
registration of, a number of U.S. and international domain names,
and trademarks.
Legal Matters
The
company is not involved in any litigation, and its management is
not aware of any pending or threatened legal actions relating to
its intellectual property, conduct of its business activities, or
otherwise.
Certain
legal matters with respect to the shares of Common Stock offered
hereby will be passed upon by CrowdCheck Law LLP.
Research and Development Costs
From
June 13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017, the company
has spent approximately $140,000 on software development for the
cryptocurrency exchange. We plan to allocate up to 10% of our
budget to R&D to develop proprietary software and applications
utilizing blockchain technologies
Employees
We have
1 full-time employee and 4 part-time employees. We also hire
several consultants on a project and part-time basis.
Currently
there are no employment agreements with any
executives.
Company’s Property
We do
not own any significant property. The Company sub-leases its space
in New York from Extract Advisors LLC on a month-to-month basis,
with rent payments to commence on March 1, 2018 at a rate of $500
per month.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYEES
The
company currently has no employees that it identifies as
significant employees. The director and executive officers are set
forth in the chart below.
|
Name
|
Position
|
Age
|
Term of Office (if indefinite, give date appointed)
|
Approximate hours per week (if part-time)/full-time
|
|
Directors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scot
Cohen
|
Director
|
48
|
Indefinite,
appointed June 2017
|
Full-time
|
|
Glenn
Pollack
|
Director
|
60
|
Indefinite,
appointed September 2017
|
Part time (as
required)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive
Officers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scot
Cohen
|
CEO
|
48
|
Indefinite,
appointed June 2017
|
Full-time
|
|
David
Briones
|
CFO
& Secretary
|
41
|
Indefinite,
appointed September 2017
|
Part-time (10
hours per week)
|
Scot Cohen
Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman of the Board
Mr.
Cohen has over 20 years of experience in institutional asset
management, wealth management, and capital markets. Since
2009, Mr. Cohen founded and served as principal of the Iroquois
Capital Opportunity Fund, a closed-end private equity fund that
focused on investments in North American oil and gas. He has also
managed several operating partnerships that actively invest in the
energy sector and he maintains an active investment portfolio in
public companies, early stage private companies, hedge funds, and
alternative assets including real estate. Prior to Iroquois
Capital, Mr. Cohen founded a merchant bank, which actively
participated in structured investments in public companies.
The investment strategy at the merchant bank was to take
positions in public companies through private investment vehicles
and then work to actively enhance the value of these positions.
Mr. Cohen began his career at Oppenheimer & Company in a
sales capacity and later transitioned to a boutique investment
banking firm where he spent two years.
Mr.
Cohen is currently active on a number of public and private company
boards and is involved with various charitable ventures. Mr. Cohen
earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Ohio University in
1991.
Currently, Mr. Cohen is
the Executive Chairman of the Board of Petro River Oil Corp.
(“PTRC”) an oil and gas exploration and
production company, and on the Board of Directors of True Drinks, a
consumer goods company specializing in flavored water for kids. He
is also the Executive Chairman and co-founder of Wrap Technologies,
a company focusing on providing new non-lethal tools for modern
policing. Wrap Technologies is in the process of raising up to $4
million pursuant to an offering
registered under the Securities Act. Wrap Technologies has
requested quotation on the OTCQX. Mr. Cohen is also involved with
several oil and gas special purpose vehicles and private
investments with public companies.
Glenn Pollack
Independent Director
Mr.
Pollack is a Managing Director and Founder of Candlewood Partners,
LLC (“Candlewood”), a merchant bank he
founded in 2001, focused on middle market corporate finance and
infrastructure projects, and is the Manager of Green Bull Georgia
Partners, LLC, a special purpose vehicle controlled by Mr. Pollack
established to purchase certain senior debt of Register
Communications, Inc. (“Register”). In connection with
the purchase of the senior debt, Mr. Pollack became a director of
Register, which filed for Chapter 11 protection under the United
States Bankruptcy Code in December 2015. Prior to founding
Candlewood, Mr. Pollack was a Managing Director and Principal of a
middle market investment banking firm with offices in Chicago and
Cleveland. He was responsible for the Restructuring Group and was
involved in other corporate finance transactions including mergers
and acquisitions and capital raising for special situations. He
also spent five years as the CEO of a regional distributor of
perishable foods with annual revenues of $180 million and over 250
employees in four states. Mr. Pollack is a certified public
accountant and has worked for Price Waterhouse as a consultant and
for Touche Ross as an auditor.
David Briones
Chief Financial Officer
Mr.
Briones has over fifteen years of public accounting and executive
level experience. He is the CEO of Brio Financial Group, which he
founded in 2010, and in that capacity, he consults
with various public companies in financial reporting, internal
control development and evaluation, budgeting and forecasting.
David has developed a specialty representing private companies as
the outsourced CFO/Financial reporting specialist as a private
company navigates toward becoming a public company through a
self-filing, a reverse merger or through a traditional initial
public offering. David’s client list crosses various
industries: Technology/Internet, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas, Food
and Beverage, Bio-technology, Software, Medical Device,
Entertainment, Hedge Funds and Insurance.
Prior
to founding Brio, Mr. Briones had managed the Public Company and
Hedge Fund practices at Bartolomei Pucciarelli, LLC
(“BP”). Within that capacity, he performed audit
services, outsourced CFO functions, and/or consulted with clients
through difficult SEC comment periods particularly through
application of complex accounting principles for a vast public
company client base. Prior to joining BP, Mr. Briones was an
auditor with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in New York, New York. He
specialized in the financial services group, and most notably
worked the MONY Group, Prudential Financial, and MetLife initial
public offerings. He was promoted to Senior Associate after only 8
months of service at PwC and acted in managerial roles within his
first two years at PwC.
Director Independence
For a
director to be considered “independent,” the Board must
affirmatively determine that the director has no material
relationship with the company (directly or as a partner,
stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship
with the company). In each case, the Board considers all relevant
facts and circumstances. We currently have one independent
director.
Committees of the Board of Directors
During
2018, we plan to add at least one additional Board member and then
we expect our Board of Directors will establish an Audit Committee
and a Compensation Committee to assist it with its
responsibilities. We expect all members of the Audit and
Compensation Committees will meet the criteria for
independence.
We
have not yet established arrangements to compensate our directors
for their services.
We
have identified Scot Cohen and David Briones as our named executive
officers. Our named executive officers for 2018 could change, as we
may hire or appoint new executive officers.
For the period from inception and ending September 2017, our 2017
compensation for our three highest-paid directors and executive
officers was as follows:
|
Name
|
Capacities in which compensation was received
|
|
|
|
|
Scot
Cohen
|
Executive
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
David
Briones
|
Executive
|
-
|
|
|
There
is no compensation arrangement between Mr. Cohen and the company
for his services as the company’s Chief Executive Officer.
There is an agreement to issue Mr. David Briones 250,000 stock
options under our 2017 equity compensation plan following the
conclusion of this offering. The total number of shares of Common
Stock that may be issued pursuant to Stock Awards shall not exceed
in the aggregate of 30,000,000 shares. We have not yet established
arrangements to compensate our directors for their
services.
RELATED PERSON
TRANSACTIONS
The
company has not undertaken any related party
transactions.
Statement of Policy
Our
board of directors recognizes the fact that transactions with
related persons present a heightened risk of conflicts of interests
and/or improper valuation (or the perception thereof). Prior to any
listing on NASDAQ, our board of directors will adopt a written
policy on transactions with related persons in conformity with the
requirements for issuers having publicly held Common Stock listed
on the NASDAQ Capital Market. Under the policy any related-person
transaction, and any material amendment or modification of a
related-person transaction, will be required to be reviewed and
approved or ratified by a committee of the board of directors
composed solely of independent directors who are disinterested, or
by the disinterested members of the board of directors and any
employment relationship or transaction involving an executive
officer and any related compensation will be required to be
recommended by the Compensation Committee to the board of directors
for its approval.
In
connection with the review and approval or ratification of a
related-person transaction:
●
The management must
disclose to the audit committee or another independent body of the
board of directors, as applicable, the name of the related person
and the basis on which the person is a related person, the material
terms of the related-person transaction, including the approximate
dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction, and all the
material facts as to the related person's direct or indirect
interest in, or relationship to, the related-person
transaction;
●
The management must
advise the audit committee or another independent body of the board
of directors, as applicable, whether the related-person transaction
complies with the terms of our agreements governing any material
outstanding indebtedness that limit or restrict our ability to
enter into a related-person transaction;
●
The management must
advise the audit committee or another independent body of the board
of directors, as applicable, whether the related-person transaction
will be required to be disclosed in our applicable filings under
the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and related rules, and, to
the extent required to be disclosed, management must ensure that
the related-person transaction is disclosed in accordance with such
Acts and related rules; and management must advise the audit
committee or another independent body of the board of directors, as
applicable, whether the related-person transaction constitutes a
"personal loan" for purposes of Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.
In
addition, the related-person transaction policy will provide that
the audit committee or another independent body of the board of
directors, as applicable, must consider whether any approval or
ratification of a related-person transaction involving a
non-employee director or director nominee would compromise the
director or director nominee's status as an "independent",
"outside", or "non-employee" director, as applicable, under the
rules and regulations of the SEC, the NASDAQ Capital Market and the
Internal Revenue Code.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The
following table sets forth certain information known to us
regarding beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of November
27, 2017 for (i) all executive officers and directors as a group
and (ii) each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us
to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of our
capital stock. The percentage of beneficial ownership in the table
below is based on 111,076,211 shares of Common Stock deemed to be
outstanding as of November 27, 2017.
|
Name
and address of beneficial owner
|
Amount and nature of beneficial ownership
|
Amount and nature of beneficial ownership acquirable
|
Ownership percent of class before offering Ownership percent of
class after offering (3)
|
|
Scot Cohen
(1)
|
33,500,000
|
0
|
29.11%
|
|
River Asset
Management, Inc. (2)
|
10,750,000
|
0
|
9.34%
|
(1) The
business address for Scot Cohen is Bitzumi, 55 5th Avenue, Suite
1702, New York, NY
10003.
(2) The
business address for River Asset Management, Inc., is 14 Arbor
Field Way, Lake Grove, New York 11755
(3) Assumes maximum offering of 4,000,000 shares sold
and 115,076,211 shares issued and outstanding after maximum
offering.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL
STOCK
Summary of Securities
The
following description summarizes certain terms of our capital
stock, as in effect upon the completion of this offering. We will
submit to our stockholders for approval an amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws to be
effective upon the completion of this offering, and this
description summarizes the provisions included in such documents.
Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all the
information that may be important to you. For a complete
description of the matters set forth in this section you should
refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and
bylaws, which are included as exhibits to this Offering Circular,
and to the applicable provisions of Delaware law.
Immediately
following the completion of this offering, our authorized capital
stock will consist of shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per
share, and shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per
share.
As of
November 27, 2017, there 299,500,000 shares of Common Stock
authorized, and 111,076,211 shares of our Common Stock outstanding
and held of record by twenty-two stockholders. The rights,
preferences, and privileges of the holders of our Common Stock are
subject to the rights of the holders of shares of any series of
preferred stock in which we may issue in the future. There are
500,000 shares of Preferred Stock authorized with none issued, and
30,000,000 stock options authorized with none issued. The total
number of authorized securities are 330,000,000.
Common Stock
Dividend Rights
Subject
to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock that
may be issued, the holders of our Common Stock are entitled to
receive ratably any dividends as may be declared by our board of
directors out of funds legally available for dividends. See the
section titled “Dividend Policy” for additional
information. We have authorized, but no issued, preferred
stock.
Voting Rights
Holders
of our Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on any
matter to be voted upon by stockholders. We have not provided for
cumulative voting for the election of directors in our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation. Our bylaws establish a board
of directors whose term is for one year, to be elected at the
annual meeting of stockholders.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights
Our
Common Stock is not entitled to preemptive rights, and is not
subject to conversion, redemption, or sinking fund
provisions.
Liquidation Rights
If we
become subject to a liquidation, dissolution or winding up,
the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders
would be distributable ratably among the holders of our Common
Stock outstanding at that time, subject to prior satisfaction of
all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights of
and the payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any
outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Undesignated Preferred Stock
Following
this offering, our board of directors will be authorized, subject
to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue preferred stock
in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of
shares to be included in each series, and to determine for each
such series of preferred stock the voting powers, designations,
preferences, and special rights, qualifications, limitations, or
restrictions as permitted by law, in each case without further vote
of action by our stockholders. Our board of directors will also be
able to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series of
preferred stock, but not below the number of shares of that series
then outstanding, without any further vote or action by our
stockholders. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of
preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could
adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of
Common Stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing
flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other
corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our
company and might adversely affect the market price of our Common
Stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Common
Stock. We have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred
stock.
Options
Currently,
there are 30,000,000 authorized options but no options
issued.
Preferred Stock
Currently,
there are 500,000 authorized Preferred Stock but no Preferred Stock
issued.
Anti Takeover Matters
Charter and Bylaw Provisions
The
provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation, and
our bylaws include a number of provisions that may have the effect
of delaying, deferring, or discouraging another person from
acquiring control of our company and discouraging takeover bids.
These provisions may also have the effect of encouraging persons
considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover
proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than
pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions
include the items described below.
Board Composition and Filling Vacancies
Our
bylaws provide that any vacancy on our board of directors may only
be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of our directors
then in office even if less than a quorum. Further, any
directorship vacancy resulting from an increase in the size of our
board of directors, may be filled by election of the board of
directors, but only for a term continuing until the next election
of directors by the shareholders.
No Cumulative Voting
The
Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not
entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of
directors unless certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Neither our certificate of incorporation nor our bylaws provide
that there shall be no cumulative voting.
Choice of Forum
Our
bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware
will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding
brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary
duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to
the Delaware General Corporation Law, our restated certificate of
incorporation or our restated bylaws; or any action asserting a
claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other
companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged
in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find
these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable.
Limitations of Director Liability and Indemnification of Directors
and Officers
We
intend to maintain general liability insurance that covers certain
liabilities of our directors and officers arising out of claims
based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or
officers, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
may be permitted to directors, officers, or persons who control us,
we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
These provisions may
discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our
directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions may
also have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative
litigation against directors and officers, even though such an
action, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our
stockholders. Furthermore, a stockholder’s investment may be
adversely affected to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and
damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these
indemnification provisions. We believe that these provisions, the
indemnification agreements, and the insurance are necessary to
attract and retain talented and experienced directors and officers.
At
present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any
of our directors or officers where indemnification will be required
or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or
proceeding that might result in a claim for such
indemnification.
Exchange Listing
We are
in the process of applying to have our Common Stock approved for
listing on NASDAQ, but we cannot guarantee that we will satisfy the
listing requirements or otherwise be accepted for such listing.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The
transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Colonial Stock
Transfer Company Inc. The transfer agent’s address is 66
Exchange Place, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, and its telephone
number is 801-355-5740.
Since
our inception, we have not paid any dividends on our Common Stock,
and we currently expect that, for the foreseeable future, all
earnings (if any) will be retained for the development of our
business and no dividends will be declared or paid. In the future,
our Board of Directors may decide, at their discretion, whether
dividends may be declared and paid, taking into consideration,
among other things, our earnings (if any), operating results,
financial condition and capital requirements, general business
conditions and other pertinent facts.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior
to this offering, there has been no market for our Common Stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock, or
securities or instruments convertible into our Common Stock, in the
public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could
adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock prevailing
from time to time. Furthermore, because there will be limits on the
number of shares available for resale shortly after this offering
concludes, due to contractual and legal restrictions described
below, there may be resales of substantial amounts of our Common
Stock in the public market after those restrictions lapse. This
could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock
prevailing at that time.
Upon
completion of this offering, assuming the maximum amount of shares
of Common Stock offered in this offering are sold, there will be
115,076,211 shares of our Common Stock outstanding. This number
excludes any issuance of additional shares of Common Stock that
could occur in connection with any exercise of stock options
outstanding as of the date of this Offering Circular.
These
4,000,000 shares of our Common Stock will be freely tradable in the
public market, except to the extent they are acquired by an
“affiliate” of ours, as such term is defined in Rule
405 under the Securities Act. Under Rule 405, an affiliate of a
specified person is a person that directly, or indirectly through
one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is
under common control with, the specified person. Any affiliate of
ours that acquires our shares can only further transact in such
shares in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which
imposes sales volume limitations and other restrictions on such
further transactions. See “— Rule 144,”
below.
In
addition to the foregoing, shares of our Common Stock not sold in
this offering will be restricted securities written the meaning of
Rule 144, and would be tradable only if they are sold pursuant to a
registration statement under the Securities Act or if they qualify
for an exemption from registration, including under Rule 144. See
“— Rule 144,” below.
Rule 144
In
general, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of
our Common Stock for at least one year, in the event we are a
company that files reports under Regulation A, or at least six
months, in the event we have been a company that files reports
under the Exchange Act for at least 90 days, would be entitled to
sell such securities, provided that such person is not deemed to be
an affiliate of ours at the time of sale or to have been an
affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding the
sale. A person who is an affiliate of ours at such time would be
subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be
entitled to sell within any three -month period only a number of
shares that does not exceed the greater of the
following:
●
1% of the number of
shares of our Common Stock then outstanding; or
●
the average weekly
trading volume of our Common Stock during the four calendar weeks
preceding the filing by such person with the SEC of a notice on
Form 144 with respect to the sale;
provided that, in each
case, we have been subject to the periodic reporting requirements
of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days before the sale. Persons
replying on Rule 144 to transact in our Common Stock must also
comply with the manner of sale, notice and other provisions of Rule
144, to the extent applicable. In general, Rule 701 allows a
stockholder who purchased shares of our capital stock pursuant to a
written compensatory plan or contract and who is not deemed to have
been an affiliate of ours during the immediately preceding 90 days
to sell those shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without being
required to comply with the public information, holding period,
volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Persons relying
on Rule 701 to transact in our Common Stock, however, are required
to wait until 90 days after the date of this Offering Circular
before selling shares pursuant to Rule 701.
Lock Up Agreements
There
are no lock-up agreements with our officers, directors, and current
stockholders.
The company is offering up to 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock, on
a “best efforts basis” as described in this Offering
Circular. The company has engaged Sageworks Capital LLC as its
broker-dealer to assist in the placement of its securities.
Sageworks Capital LLC under no obligation to purchase any
securities or arrange for the sale of any specific number or dollar
amount of securities.
The company intends to use an online platform at the domain
name www.bitzumicorp.com
(the “Online Platform”) to
provide technology tools to allow for the sales of securities in
this offering.
Investment Fee on Sales of Securities
Sageworks Capital will act as a referring broker-dealer, in which
all sales will be placed through the efforts of Sageworks Capital.
As compensation for these efforts, the company will pay Sageworks
Capital a one-time set up fee of $8,000 and 50 basis
points on the aggregate amount raised by the company from
investors. The fee for the minimum raise of $1,000,000 would be
$13,000 and for the maximum raise of $10,000,000 would be
$58,000.
Termination of Offering
The Offering will terminate at the earlier of (1) the date at which
the maximum offering amount has been sold, (2) the date that is
twelve months from the date of this Offering Statement being
qualified by the Commission, or (3) the date at which the Offering
is earlier terminated by the company in its sole discretion, which
may happen at any time (the “Offering Termination
Date”). The Managing Broker-Dealer has agreed to comply with
the provisions of SEC Rule 15c2-4 as to all funds provided by you
for the purchase of the Shares. On any closing date for the
Offering, the deposited funds, minus applicable expenses, will be
delivered to our company.
Selling Security holders
No securities are being sold for the account of security holders;
all net proceeds of this offering will go to the
company.
Investors’ Tender of Funds
After
the Offering Statement has been qualified by the Commission, the
company will accept tenders of funds to purchase the Common Stock.
The funds tendered by potential investors will be held by Prime
Trust LLC, the escrow agent. The offering will terminate (and
subscriptions will no longer be accepted) at the earlier of: (1)
the date at which the maximum offering amount has been sold, (2)
the date which is one year from this offering being qualified by
the Commission, or (3) the date at which the offering is earlier
terminated by us in our sole discretion.
The
escrow agent will not investigate the desirability or advisability
of investment in the shares in this Offering nor will it approve,
endorse or pass upon the merits of purchasing those shares. The
company must raise its minimum offering of $1,000,000 in order to
close the offering and receive funds; there are no other conditions
that the company must meet in order to hold the closing. Tendered
funds will only be returned to investors upon termination of the
offering as set out above, in which case any money tendered by
potential investors that is still held in escrow will be promptly
returned by the escrow agent upon our
instruction.
In the event that it takes some time for the company to raise funds
in this offering, the company will rely on income from sales and
cash on hand of $276,449 as of November 27, 2017.
Investors will be required to subscribe to the Offering via the
Online Platform, and agree to the terms of the Offering and
subscription agreement, which includes the adoption of the
Investors’ Rights Agreement, First Refusal Agreement, and
Voting Agreement (copies of which have been filed as an Exhibit to
the Offering Statement of which this Offering Circular is part).
The subscription agreement includes a representation by the
investor to the effect that, if you are not an “accredited
investor” as defined under securities law, you are investing
an amount that does not exceed the greater of 10% of your annual
income or 10% of your net worth (excluding your principal
residence).
Offering Expenses
We are responsible for all offering fees and expenses, including
the following: (i) fees and disbursements of our legal counsel,
accountants, and other professionals we engage; (ii) fees and
expenses incurred in the production of offering documents,
including design, printing, photograph, and written material
procurement costs; (iii) all filing fees, including FINRA and blue
sky notice filing fees; (iv) all of the legal fees related to the
filing of notice filings under state securities laws and FINRA
clearance; and (v) our
transportation, accommodation, and other roadshow
expenses.
Investment Limitations
Generally, no sale may be made to you in this offering if the
aggregate purchase price you pay is more than 10% of the greater of
your annual income or net worth (please see below on how to
calculate your net worth). Different rules apply to accredited
investors and non-natural persons. Before making any representation
that your investment does not exceed applicable thresholds, we
encourage you to review Rule 251(d)(2)(i)(C) of Regulation A. For
general information on investing, we encourage you to refer to
www.investor.gov.
Because
this is a Tier 2 Regulation A offering, most investors must comply
with the 10% limitation on investment in the offering. The only
investor in this offering exempt from this limitation is an
"accredited investor" as defined under Rule 501 of Regulation D
under the Securities Act (an "Accredited Investor"). If you meet
one of the following tests you should qualify as an Accredited
Investor:
i.
You are a natural
person who has had individual income in excess of $200,000 in each
of the two most recent years, or joint income with your spouse in
excess of $300,000 in each of these years, and have a reasonable
expectation of reaching the same income level in the current
year;
ii.
You are a natural
person and your individual net worth, or joint net worth with your
spouse, exceeds $1,000,000 at the time you purchase Offered Shares
(please see below on how to calculate your net worth);
iii.
You are an
executive officer or general partner of the issuer or a manager or
executive officer of the general partner of the
issuer;
iv.
You are an
organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, a corporation, a
Massachusetts or similar business trust or a partnership, not
formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Offered Shares,
with total assets in excess of $5,000,000;
v.
You are a bank or a
savings and loan association or other institution as defined in the
Securities Act, a broker or dealer registered pursuant to Section
15 of the Exchange Act, an insurance company as defined by the
Securities Act, an investment company registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Investment Company Act"), or a
business development company as defined in that act, any Small
Business Investment Company licensed by the Small Business
Investment Act of 1958 or a private business development company as
defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
vi.
You are an entity
(including an Individual Retirement Account trust) in which each
equity owner is an accredited investor;
vii.
You are a trust
with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, your purchase of Offered
Shares is directed by a person who either alone or with his
purchaser representative(s) (as defined in Regulation D promulgated
under the Securities Act) has such knowledge and experience in
financial and business matters that he is capable of evaluating the
merits and risks of the prospective investment, and you were not
formed for the specific purpose of investing in the Offered Shares;
or
viii.
You are a plan
established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions,
or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political
subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has
assets in excess of $5,000,000.
Offering Period and Expiration Date
This
offering will start on or after the Qualification Date and will
terminate if the Minimum Offering is not reached or, if it is
reached, on the Termination Date.
Procedures for Subscribing
If you
decide to subscribe for Offered Shares in this offering, you
should:
Go
to www.bitzumicorp.com,
click on the "Invest Now" button and follow the procedures as
described.
1.
Electronically
receive, review, execute and deliver to us a subscription
agreement; and
2.
Deliver funds
directly by wire or electronic funds transfer via ACH to the
specified account maintained by Bitzumi.
Any
potential investor will have ample time to review the subscription
agreement, along with their counsel, prior to making any final
investment decision. We shall only deliver such subscription
agreement upon request after a potential investor has had ample
opportunity to review this Offering Circular.
The Subscription Agreement is governed by, and construed according
to, the laws of the State of New York. The Subscription Agreement
includes a provision in which the parties irrevocably waive the
right to a jury trial in any action.
Right to Reject Subscriptions
After
we receive your complete, executed subscription agreement and the
funds required under the subscription agreement have been
transferred to the escrow account, we have the right to review and
accept or reject your subscription in whole or in part, for any
reason or for no reason. We will return all monies from rejected
subscriptions immediately to you, without interest or
deduction.
Acceptance of Subscriptions
Upon
our acceptance of a subscription agreement, we will countersign the
subscription agreement and issue the shares subscribed at closing.
Once you submit the subscription agreement and it is accepted, you
may not revoke or change your subscription or request your
subscription funds. All accepted subscription agreements are
irrevocable.
Under
Rule 251 of Regulation A, non-accredited, non-natural investors are
subject to the investment limitation and may only invest funds
which do not exceed 10% of the greater of the purchaser's revenue
or net assets (as of the purchaser's most recent fiscal year end).
A non-accredited, natural person may only invest funds which do not
exceed 10% of the greater of the purchaser's annual income or net
worth (please see below on how to calculate your net
worth).
For the
purposes of calculating your net worth, it is defined as the
difference between total assets and total liabilities. This
calculation must exclude the value of your primary residence and
may exclude any indebtedness secured by your primary residence (up
to an amount equal to the value of your primary residence). In the
case of fiduciary accounts, net worth and/or income suitability
requirements may be satisfied by the beneficiary of the account or
by the fiduciary, if the fiduciary directly or indirectly provides
funds for the purchase of the Offered Shares.
In
order to purchase Offered Shares and prior to the acceptance of any
funds from an investor, an investor will be required to represent,
to the company's satisfaction, that he is either an accredited
investor or is in compliance with the 10% of net worth or annual
income limitation on investment in this
offering.
Registrar and Transfer Agent, Book-Entry Only
All Shares will be issued by our Transfer Agent to investors in
book-entry only format and will be represented by a stock transfer
ledger, maintained by our Transfer Agent.
Investors in the Shares will not be entitled to have the stock
certificates registered in their names, and will not receive or be
entitled to receive physical delivery of the Shares in definitive
form. Transfers of investors, common stock will be facilitated
through the Transfer Agent. As a result, you will not be entitled
to receive a stock certificate representing your interest in the
Shares. Your ability to pledge Shares, and to take other actions,
may be limited because you will not possess a physical certificate
that represents your Shares. Investors will receive written
confirmation from the Transfer Agent upon closing of their
purchases. Transfers of the Shares will be recorded on the stock
transfer ledger maintained by the Transfer Agent. We have no
responsibility for any aspect of the actions of the Transfer Agent.
In addition, we have no responsibility or liability for any aspect
of the records kept by the Transfer Agent relating to, or payments
made on account of investors in, the Shares, or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to ownership of
Shares. We also do not supervise the systems of the Transfer
Agent.
Pricing of Offering
Prior
to the offering, there has been no public market for the Offered
Shares. Our Common Stock is presently not traded on any market or
securities exchange. We are offering the Shares at a price of $2.50
per Share, which is set forth on the cover page of this offering
circular. Such offering price does not have any relationship to any
established criteria of value, such as book value or earnings per
share of Common Stock. The price of our Common Stock is not based
on past earnings, nor is the price of our Common Stock indicative
of the current market value of the assets owned by us. No valuation
or appraisal has been prepared for our business and potential
business expansion. The principal factors considered in determining
the initial public offering price include:
●
the information set
forth in this Offering Circular;
●
our history and
prospects and the history of and prospects for the industry in
which we compete;
●
our past and
present financial performance;
●
our prospects for
future earnings and the present state of our
development;
●
the general
condition of the securities markets at the time of this
offering;
●
the recent market
prices of, and demand for, publicly traded Common Stock of
generally comparable companies; and
●
other factors
deemed relevant by the Underwriter and us.
The
financial statements of the company appearing elsewhere in this
Offering Circular have been included herein in reliance upon the
report, which includes an explanatory paragraph as to the
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, of
Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman & Company (“RRBB”), an
independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere
herein, and upon the authority of RRBB as experts in accounting and
auditing.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have
filed with the SEC a Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A
under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock
offered hereby. This Offering Circular, which constitutes a part of
the Offering Statement, does not contain all of the information set
forth in the Offering Statement or the exhibits and schedules filed
therewith. For further information about us and the Common Stock
offered hereby, we refer you to the Offering Statement and the
exhibits and schedules filed therewith. Statements contained in
this Offering Circular regarding the contents of any contract or
other document that is filed as an exhibit to the Offering
Statement are not necessarily complete, and each such statement is
qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such
contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Offering
Statement. Upon the completion of this offering, we will be
required to file ongoing reports as required by Regulation A. The
SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy
statements and other information about issuers, including us, that
file electronically with the SEC. The address of this site is
www.sec.gov.
BITZUMI, INC.
FOR THE PERIOD FROM
JUNE 13, 2017 (INCEPTION) THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
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Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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F-1
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F-2
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F-3
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F-4
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F-5
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F-6-F-13
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REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the
Board of Directors and
Stockholders
of Bitzumi, Inc.
We have
audited the accompanying balance sheet of Bitzumi, Inc. as of
September 30, 2017, and the related statements of operations,
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the period from June
13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017. Bitzumi,
Inc.’s management is responsible for these financial
statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. The company is not required to have, nor
were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal
control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our
opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Bitzumi, Inc.
as of September 30, 2017, and the results of its operations and its
cash flows for the period from June 13, 2017 (inception) through
September 30, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.
The
accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the
Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to
the financial statements, the Company had a net loss, has not
generated any revenue and will require additional investment. These
conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as
a going concern. Management’s plans regarding those matters
are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not
include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this
uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to that
matter.
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/s/
Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman & Company
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Somerset,
New Jersey
November
27, 2017
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ASSETS
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CURRENT
ASSETS
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Cash
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$259,249
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Prepaid
expenses
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95,000
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Stock subscription
receivable
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30,000
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TOTAL
CURRENT ASSETS
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384,249
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Prepaid Expenses -
Long-Term
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17,083
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TOTAL
ASSETS
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$401,332
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LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
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CURRENT
LIABILITIES
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Accounts payable
and accrued expenses
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-
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TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
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-
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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
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-
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STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
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Preferred stock,
$0.01 par value, 500,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and
outstanding
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-
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Common stock,
$0.0001 par value, 299,500,000 shares authorized, 111,076,211
shares issued and outstanding
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11,108
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Additional paid in
capital
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441,391
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Accumulated
deficit
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(51,167)
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TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
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401,332
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TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
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$401,332
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See
accompanying notes to the financial statements.
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Revenue
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Sales
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$-
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Cost of goods
sold
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-
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Gross
Profit
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-
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OPERATING
EXPENSES
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General and
administrative
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51,167
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Total Operating
Expenses
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51,167
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NET
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS
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(51,167)
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Net loss before
provision for income taxes
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(51,167)
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Provision for
Income Taxes
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-
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NET
LOSS
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$(51,167)
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Net loss per share
basic and diluted
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$(0.00)
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Weighted average
number of shares outstanding during the period - basic and
diluted
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102,288,518
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See
accompanying notes to the financial statements.
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BITZUMI, INC.
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STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
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FOR THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 13, 2017 (INCEPTION) THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30,
2017
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Balance June 13,
2017 (inception)
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-
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$-
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$-
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$-
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$-
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Stock Issued for
Cash
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111,076,211
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11,108
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441,391
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-
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452,499
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Net
loss
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-
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-
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-
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(51,167)
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(51,167)
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Balance September
30, 2017
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111,076,211
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$11,108
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$441,391
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$(51,167)
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$401,332
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See
accompanying notes to the financial statements.
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CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
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Net
loss
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$(51,167)
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Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities
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Changes
in operating assets and liabilities
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Prepaid
expenses
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(112,083)
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Net Cash Used
In Operating Activities
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(163,250)
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CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
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Proceeds from sale
of securities
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422,499
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Net Cash Provided
By Financing Activities
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422,499
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NET INCREASE IN
CASH
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259,249
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CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR
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-
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CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR
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$259,249
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Supplemental
cash flow information:
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Cash paid for
income taxes
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$-
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Cash paid for
interest expense
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$-
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Supplemental
disclosure of non-cash investing & financing
activities:
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Common stock issued
for receivable
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$30,000
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See
accompanying notes to the financial statements.
Bitzumi, Inc.
September 30, 2017
Notes to the Financial
Statements
Note 1 – Organization and Operations
Bitzumi, Inc.
Bitzumi,
Inc., (“Bitzumi” or the “Company”) was
incorporated on June 13, 2017, under the laws of the State of
Delaware. The Company, will be a vertically-integrated Bitcoin
exchange and marketplace.
Note 2 – Going Concern Analysis
Going Concern Analysis
The
Company was incorporated on June 13, 2017 and through the date of
this report has generated no revenues. As of September 30, 2017,
the Company had a net loss of $51,167. As a result, these conditions had raised
doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern beyond
September 30, 2018. The accompanying financial statements have been
prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going
concern.
The
financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the
possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of
assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may
result from the matters discussed herein. While the Company
believes in the viability of management’s strategy to
generate sufficient revenue, control costs and the ability to raise
additional funds if necessary, there can be no assurances to that
effect. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern
is dependent upon the ability to implement the business plan,
generate sufficient revenues and to control operating
expenses.
Note 3 – Significant and Critical Accounting Policies and
Practices
The
management of the Company is responsible for the selection and use
of appropriate accounting policies and their application. Critical
accounting policies and practices are those that are both most
important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial
condition and results and require management’s most
difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of
the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are
inherently uncertain. The Company’s significant and critical
accounting policies and practices are disclosed below as required
by generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis of Presentation
The
Company’s financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America (“US GAAP”).
Use of Estimates and Assumptions and Critical Accounting Estimates
and Assumptions
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The
Company considers investments with original maturities of three
months or less to be cash equivalents.
The
Company minimizes its credit risk associated with cash by
periodically evaluating the credit quality of its primary financial
institution. The balance at times may exceed federally insured
limits.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
For
purpose of this disclosure, the fair value of a financial
instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged
in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a
forced sale or liquidation. The carrying amount of the
Company’s short-term financial instruments approximates fair
value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these
instruments.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The
Company follows ASC 820-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification to measure the fair value of its financial instruments
and disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments. ASC
820-10 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (U.S. GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value
measurements. To increase consistency and comparability in fair
value measurements and related disclosures, ASC 820-10 establishes
a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation
techniques used to measure fair value into three (3) broad levels.
The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy defined by ASC 820-10
are described below:
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Level
1
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Quoted
market prices available in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities as of the reporting date.
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Level
2
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Pricing
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level
1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the
reporting date.
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Level
3
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Pricing
inputs that are generally unobservable inputs and not corroborated
by market data.
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Financial
assets are considered Level 3 when their fair values are determined
using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar
techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input
is unobservable.
The
fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices
(unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. If the inputs used
to measure the financial assets and liabilities fall within more
than one level described above, the categorization is based on the
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement of the instrument.
The
carrying amounts of the Company’s financial assets and
liabilities, such as cash, prepaid expenses and other current
assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their
fair values because of the short maturity of these
instruments.
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Transactions
involving related parties typically cannot be presumed to be
carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite
conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not
exist.
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Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenues
The
Company follows Paragraph 605-10-S99-1 of the FASB Accounting
Standards Codification for revenue recognition. The Company will
recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. The
Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when
all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of
an arrangement exists, (ii) the product has been shipped or the
services have been rendered to the customer, (iii) the sales price
is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably
assured.
The
Company recognizes cost of revenues in the period in which the
revenues were earned.
Equity–based compensation
The
Company recognizes compensation expense for all equity–based
payments in accordance with ASC 718 “Compensation – Stock
Compensation”. Under fair value recognition
provisions, the Company recognizes equity–based compensation
net of an estimated forfeiture rate and recognizes compensation
cost only for those shares expected to vest over the requisite
service period of the award.
Restricted
stock awards are granted at the discretion of the Company. These
awards are restricted as to the transfer of ownership and generally
vest over the requisite service periods, typically over a four-year
period (vesting on a straight–line basis). The fair value of
a stock award is equal to the fair market value of a share of
Company stock on the grant date.
The
fair value of option award is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black–Scholes option valuation model. The
Black–Scholes option valuation model requires the development
of assumptions that are input into the model. These assumptions are
the expected stock volatility, the risk–free interest rate,
the expected life of the option, the dividend yield on the
underlying stock and the expected forfeiture rate. Expected
volatility is calculated based on the historical volatility of the
Company’s Common stock over the expected option life and
other appropriate factors. The expected option term is computed
using the “simplified” method as permitted under the
provisions of ASC 718-10-S99. The Company uses the simplified
method to calculate expected term of share options and similar
instruments as the Company does not have sufficient historical
exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate
expected term. Risk–free interest rates are calculated based
on continuously compounded risk–free rates for the
appropriate term. The dividend yield is assumed to be zero as the
Company has never paid or declared any cash dividends on the Common
stock of the Company and does not intend to pay dividends on the
Common stock in the foreseeable future. The expected forfeiture
rate is estimated based on historical experience.
Determining
the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of
equity–based payment awards requires the input of the
subjective assumptions described above. The assumptions used in
calculating the fair value of equity–based payment awards
represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent
uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.
As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different
assumptions, the equity–based compensation could be
materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is
required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and recognize
expense only for those shares expected to vest. If the actual
forfeiture rate is materially different from the Company’s
estimate, the equity–based compensation could be
significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the
current period.
The
Company accounts for share–based payments granted to
non–employees in accordance with ASC 505-40,
“Equity Based Payments to
Non–Employees”. The Company determines the fair
value of the stock–based payment as either the fair value of
the consideration received or the fair value of the equity
instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. If the
fair value of the equity instruments issued is used, it is measured
using the stock price and other measurement assumptions as of the
earlier of either (1) the date at which a commitment for
performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is
reached, or (2) the date at which the counterparty’s
performance is complete. The fair value of the equity instruments
is re-measured each reporting period over the requisite service
period.
Income Taxes
Income
taxes are provided in accordance with ASC No. 740,
“Accounting for Income
Taxes”. A deferred tax asset or liability is recorded
for all temporary differences between financial and tax reporting
and net operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax expense
(benefit) results from the net change during the period of deferred
tax assets and liabilities.
Deferred
tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the
opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion
or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes
in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Earnings per Share
Earnings
per share (“EPS”) is the amount of earnings
attributable to each share of common stock. For convenience, the
term is used to refer to either earnings or loss per share. EPS is
computed pursuant to Section 260-10-45 of the FASB Accounting
Standards Codification. Pursuant to ASC Paragraphs 260-10-45-10
through 260-10-45-16, basic EPS shall be computed by dividing
income available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the
denominator) during the period. Income available to common
stockholders shall be computed by deducting both the dividends
declared in the period on preferred stock (whether or not paid) and
the dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred
stock (whether or not earned) from income from continuing
operations (if that amount appears in the income statement) and
also from net income. The computation of diluted EPS is similar to
the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is
increased to include the number of additional common shares that
would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares
had been issued during the period to reflect the potential dilution
that could occur from common shares issuable through contingent
shares issuance arrangement, stock options or
warrants.
There
were no dilutive potential common shares issued during the
period.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In
April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers:
Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing (Topic
606)”. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08,
“Revenue from Contracts with
Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue
Gross verses Net) (Topic 606)”. These amendments
provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on the
previously issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with
Customers”. The amendments in ASU 2016-10 provide clarifying
guidance on materiality of performance obligations; evaluating
distinct performance obligations; treatment of shipping and
handling costs; and determining whether an entity’s promise
to grant a license provides a customer with either a right to use
an entity’s intellectual property or a right to access an
entity’s intellectual property. The amendments in ASU 2016-08
clarify how an entity should identify the specified good or service
for the principal versus agent evaluation and how it should apply
the control principle to certain types of arrangements. The
adoption of ASU 2016-10 and ASU 2016-08 is to coincide with an
entity’s adoption of ASU 2014-09, which the Company intends
to adopt for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the
standard and does not expect the adoption will have a material
effect on its financial statements and disclosures.
In May
2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic
606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical
Expedients”, which narrowly amended the revenue
recognition guidance regarding collectability, noncash
consideration, presentation of sales tax and transition and is
effective during the same period as ASU 2014-09. The Company is
currently evaluating the standard and does not expect the adoption
will have a material effect on its financial statements and
disclosures.
In
August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230):
Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash
Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15
will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash
payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash
flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2017. The new standard will require adoption on a
retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which
case it would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as
of the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently in the
process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-15 on its financial
statements.
In
October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity
Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory”, which
eliminates the exception that prohibits the recognition of current
and deferred income tax effects for intra-entity transfers of
assets other than inventory until the asset has been sold to an
outside party. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within
those fiscal years. Early adoption of the update is permitted. The
Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new
standard.
In
November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic
230)”, requiring that the statement of cash flows
explain the change in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts
generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash
equivalents. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and
interim reporting periods therein, beginning after December 15,
2017 with early adoption permitted. The provisions of this guidance
are to be applied using a retrospective approach which requires
application of the guidance for all periods presented. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of the new
standard.
In May
2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic
718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which
provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of
a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification
accounting in Topic 718. This standard is required to be adopted in
the first quarter of 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact this guidance will have on its financial statements and
related disclosures.
In July
2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, “Earnings Per
Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic
480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for
Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II.
Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable
Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain
Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope
Exception”. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of
accounting for certain financial instruments with down round
features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked
instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price
being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity
offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity
for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and
convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair
value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option.
Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of
navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,
because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB
Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the
result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about
mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic
entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling
interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an
accounting effect. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and
interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15,
2018.
Management
does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective
accounting pronouncements, when adopted, will have a material
effect on the accompanying financial statements.
Note 4 – Commitments and Contingencies
Software Subscription and Services Agreement
On June
16, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered
into a Software Subscription and Services Agreement (the
“Software Agreement”) with AlphaPoint, Corp. The
Software Agreement initial term is for three years from the
Effective Date (the “Initial Term”). The term of the
Software Agreement will be automatically extended for additional
one-year periods (each a “Renewal Term” and together
with the Initial Term, the “Term”), unless either the
Company or AlphaPoint, Corp. gives prior written notice of
non-renewal to the other party no later than sixty (60) days prior
to the expiration of the then current Term or terminates the
agreement in accordance with the Terms and Conditions specified in
the agreement.
The
Company is required to pay AlphaPoint a minimum monthly fee of
$10,000 with $60,000 payable on the Effective Date and $60,000 paid
on the Commencement Date, which is the date on which a functional
beta version of the software is delivered or July 17, 2017.
Thereafter annually in advance on the first anniversary of the
Commencement Date.
In
addition, AlphaPoint is to receive a Subscription Fee which shall
be the greater of the minimum monthly fee of $10,000 or
AlphaPoint’s revenue share of 20% of the Gross Revenue, as
defined in the agreement, but in no case lower than
$10,000.
There
is also a Startup Fee, defined in the agreement, of $30,000 due and
payable on the Effective Date.
Operating
Lease
The
Company sub-leases its space in New York from Extract Advisors LLC
on a month-to-month basis, with rent payments to commence on March
1, 2018 at a rate of $500 per month.
Note 5 – Stockholders’ Equity
The
Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 300,000,000
shares, of which 299,500,000 are for shares of common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, and 500,000 are for shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which none have been
designated or issued.
From
June 19, 2017 through September 30, 2017 there were 111,076,211
shares of common stock sold for $452,499 in cash. Of this amount
615,006 shares of common stock sold for $30,000 in the aggregate,
are being shown as a stock subscription receivable, with the cash
being received on October 3, 2017. Each share of the common stock
entitles its holder to one vote on each matter submitted to the
shareholders.
2017 Equity Compensation Plan
On June
15, 2017, the Board approved, authorized and adopted, with
stockholder approval, the 2017 Equity Compensation Plan (the
“Plan”). The Plan was amended on October 2, 2017. The
Plan provides for the issuance of up to 30,000,000 shares of common
stock, par value $.0001 per share, of the Company through (i) the
grant of non-qualified options (the “Options”), (ii)
Common Stock, (iii) Restricted Stock, (iv) Restricted Stock Units,
to directors, consultants, and employees.
The
Plan shall be administered by the Board.
Each
Option shall contain the following material terms:
(i)
the
exercise price, which shall be determined by the Board at the time
of grant, shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value
(defined as the closing price on the final trading day immediately
prior to the grant on the principal exchange or quotation system on
which the common stock is listed or quoted, as applicable, and in
the absence of such market, determined in good faith by the board)
of the common stock of the Company, provided that if the recipient of the
Option owns more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined
voting power of the Company, the exercise price shall be at least
110% of the Fair Market Value;
There
were no options granted during the period through the date of this
report.
Note 6 – Credit Risk
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant
concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash
equivalents. As of September 30, 2017, substantially all of the
Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held by major
financial institutions insured by the Federal Deposits Insurance
Corporation (“FDIC”).
Note 7 – Income Tax Provision
Deferred Tax Assets
At
September 30, 2017, the Company has available for U.S. federal
income tax purposes a net operating loss (“NOL”)
carry-forwards of approximately $51,167 that may be used to offset
future taxable income through the fiscal year ending September 30,
2037. If not used, these NOLs may be subject to limitation under
Internal Revenue Code Section 382 should there be a greater than
50% ownership change as determined under the regulations. The
Company plans on undertaking a detailed analysis of any historical
and/or current Section 382 ownership changes that may limit the
utilization of the net operating loss carryovers. No tax benefit
has been reported with respect to these net operating loss
carry-forwards in the accompanying financial statements since the
Company believes that the realization of its net deferred tax asset
of approximately $ 17,397 was not considered more likely than not
and accordingly, the potential tax benefits of the net loss
carry-forwards are fully offset by a valuation allowance of $
17,397.
Deferred
tax assets consist primarily of the tax effect of NOL
carry-forwards. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance
on the deferred tax assets because of the uncertainty regarding its
realizability. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets,
management considers whether it is more likely than not that some
portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The
ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon
future generation for taxable income during the periods in which
temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts
become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of
deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax
planning strategies in making this assessment. After consideration
of all the information available, Management believes that
significant uncertainty exists with respect to future realization
of the deferred tax assets and has therefore established a full
valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by
approximately $ 17,397 for the period from June 13, 2017
(inception) through September 30, 2017.
The
Company evaluated the provisions of ASC 740 related to the
accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740 prescribes a
comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, present,
and disclose uncertain positions that the Company has taken or
expects to take in its tax return. For those benefits to be
recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be
sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Differences
between tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return
and the net benefit recognized and measured pursuant to the
interpretation are referred to as “unrecognized
benefits.” A liability is recognized (or amount of net
operating loss carry forward or amount of tax refundable is
reduced) for unrecognized tax benefit because it represents an
enterprise’s potential future obligation to the taxing
authority for a tax position that was not recognized as a result of
applying the provisions of ASC 740.
If
applicable, interest costs related to the unrecognized tax benefits
are required to be calculated and would be classified as
“Other expenses – Interest expense” in the
statement of operations. Penalties would be recognized as a
component of “General and administrative.”
No
interest or penalties on unpaid tax were recorded for the period
from June 13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017. As of
September 30, 2017, no liability for unrecognized tax benefits was
required to be reported. The Company does not expect any
significant changes in its unrecognized tax benefits in the next
year.
Components
of deferred tax assets are as follows:
|
|
September 30, 2017
|
|
Net deferred tax
assets – Non-current:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected income tax
benefit from NOL carry-forwards
|
$17,397
|
|
Less valuation
allowance
|
(17,397)
|
|
Deferred tax
assets, net of valuation allowance
|
$-
|
Income Tax Provision in the Statements of Operations
A
reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate and the
effective income tax rate as a percentage of income before income
taxes is as follows:
|
|
For the Period
From June 13, 2017 (inception) through September 30, 2017
|
|
|
|
|
Federal statutory
income tax rate
|
34.0%
|
|
|
|
|
Change in valuation
allowance on net operating loss carry-forwards
|
(34.0%)
|
|
|
|
|
Effective income
tax rate
|
0.0%
|
Note
8 – Subsequent Events
On
October 4, 2017, the Company entered into a 50% joint venture with
Ibis Venture and formed Bitzumi
Publishing, LLC, a New York limited liability company
(“Bitzumi Publishing”), to develop its publishing
business.
Index to Exhibits
|
1.
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
2.2.
|
Bylaws*
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
4.
|
|
|
6.1.
|
|
|
6.2.
|
|
|
6.3.
|
|
|
6.4.
|
|
|
6.5.
|
|
|
6.6.
|
|
|
6.7
|
|
|
8.
|
|
|
11.
|
|
|
12.
|
|
|
13.
|
|
* Previously
filed
**
Revised
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the
requirements of Regulation A, the issuer certifies that it has
reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements
for filing on Form 1-A and has duly caused this offering statement
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized in the City of New York, State of New York,
on November 28, 2017.
|
|
BITZUMI
INC.
By: /s/ Scot
Cohen
Scot Cohen, Chief Executive
Officer
|
The
offering statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
|
Scot
Cohen
|
Chief
Executive Officer &
Chairman
of the Board of Directors
|
January
19, 2018
|
|
David
Briones
|
Chief
Financial Officer &
Chief
Accounting Officer
|
January
19, 2018
|
|
Glenn
Pollack
|
Director
|
January
19, 2018
|